Perception of injustice and embitterment in the context of social reference systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-504
Author(s):  
Michael Linden ◽  
Elena Sandau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
General View ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Reference

Background: The “belief in a just world” psychology has shown that people across the world hold an inborn general view, that people should get what they deserve, and that malbehavior should be punished. But, what is seen as unjust is defined by social reference systems. Injustice is experienced as aggression, if not humiliation and answered by the desire to fight back, to restore justice. If the experience of injustice is paired with helplessness, a typical emotional response is embitterment which is associated with the wish for revenge, social impairment, and dysfunctional behaviors. Objective of the present study was to study the relation of conditions of living and social reference systems with perceptions of injustice, and rates of embitterment. Method: A convenience sample of 139 white and 93 black citizens from Cape Town in South Africa answered questions on their socio-economic status and changes in their lives in the past years. They also filled in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure psychological distress, the Differential Life Burden scale (DLB) to assess burdens and the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder scale (PTED Scale), to quantify feelings of injustice and embitterment. Results: Black South Africans saw more positive changes than Whites over the past years, but nevertheless showed disadvantages in regard to education, professional qualification, employment status, and monthly income, together with significantly higher scores on the DLB, GHQ-12, and PTED scale. When looking at single items, 66.6% of black as compared to 45.3% of white participants reported about experiences evoking severe feelings of injustice, 65.4% versus 40.3% about repetitive painful memories, 53.7% versus 36.9% about an associated deterioration of well-being, and 46.2% versus 21.6% about thoughts of revenge. After controlling for monthly income, only the PTED score showed significant differences. Conclusion: Results suggest that embitterment reactions are linked to social conditions, like economic but even more so psychological factors. The results suggest that embitterment is not only of importance in individuals but can also have a societal meaning. This must be acknowledged in political discussions.

scholarly journals The Ecology of Unsheltered Homelessness: Environmental and Social-Network Predictors of Well-Being among an Unsheltered Homeless Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7328
Author(s):  
Mary-Catherine Anderson ◽  
Ashley Hazel ◽  
Jessica M. Perkins ◽  
Zack W. Almquist
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
General Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Past

People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face extreme weather exposure and limited social support. However, few studies have empirically assessed biophysical and social drivers of health outcomes among unsheltered PEH. Social network, health, and outdoor exposure data were collected from a convenience sample of unsheltered PEH (n = 246) in Nashville, TN, from August 2018–June 2019. Using multivariate fixed-effects linear regression models, we examined associations between biophysical and social environments and self-reported general health and emotional well-being. We found that study participants reported the lowest general health scores during winter months—Nashville’s coldest season. We also found a positive association between the number of nights participants spent indoors during the previous week and general health. Participants who spent even one night indoors during the past week had 1.8-point higher general health scores than participants who spent zero nights indoors (p < 0.01). Additionally, participants who experienced a conflict with a social contact in the past 30 days had lower emotional well-being scores than participants who experienced no conflict. Finally, women had worse general health and emotional well-being than men. Ecologically framed research about health and well-being among PEH is critically needed, especially as climate change threatens to increase the danger of many homeless environments.

scholarly journals Dispositional Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, and Mental Well-Being in the Cancer Survivorship

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Pei Hwa Goh ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jingjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

The present study aims to investigate how dispositional mindfulness affects the mental well-being of cancer patients through the way they perceive stress. A total of 182 moderate and advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients volunteered to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results showed that perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and all dimensions of the mental well-being as captured by the GHQ (i.e. anxiety/depression, social dysfunction, and loss of confidence), and perceived stress was positively correlated with all the dimensions of mental well-being. Results of the Structural Equation Model showed that the model fit the data very well (χ2/df = 1.72，RMSEA = 0.063 (95% CI = 0.014 ~ 0.103), CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.970, SRMR=0.041). Further analyses showed that dispositional mindfulness predicted all the dimensions of psychological well-being. Specifically, higher levels of dispositional mindfulness predicted reduced subjective perceptions of stress, which in turn predicted lower levels of anxiety/depression, social impairment, and loss of confidence. This study indicated a possible mechanism of intervention focused on improving mindfulness capability. Future work is encouraged to investigate the long-term influence of dispositional mindfulness on perceived stress and psychological well-being in cancer patients with other types of cancer.

scholarly journals Age of Early Specialization, Competitive Volume, Injury, and Sleep Habits in Youth Sport: A Preliminary Study of US Youth Basketball

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110563
Author(s):  
Peter L. Meisel ◽  
John P. DiFiori ◽  
Jean Côté ◽  
Joseph T. Nguyen ◽  
Joel S. Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basketball Team ◽  
Early Specialization ◽  
Time Away

Background: Concerns for youth sports in the United States often focus on early sport specialization, overemphasis on competition, injuries, and burnout. Little research has addressed relationships among the preceding and other concerns, including time away from organized sport, sleep, and perceptions of physical and psychological well-being. Hypothesis: There is an association between reported competitive gameplay volume and specialization, injury, and fatigue among elite youth basketball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; convenience sample. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of youth basketball players between 13 and 18 years of age from across the United States. Participants were queried about multiple factors, including the extent of their participation in organized basketball and other sports, time away from organized basketball, injury, sleep, and feelings of exhaustion related to basketball participation. Results: A total of 772 participants (145 girls, 627 boys) completed a survey. All participants played for a select or elite club basketball team and/or a high school basketball team. Overall, 49% played more than 50 games within the past year. A total of 73% were specialized in basketball, 58% prior to age 14 years, and 35% prior to age 11 years. In all, 70% reported less than 1 month away from organized basketball within the past year, and 28% reported no time away. A total of 54% reported sleeping less than the recommended 8 hours each night during the school year. Within the prior year, 55% reported feeling physically exhausted and 45% reported feeling mentally exhausted from basketball. Regression analysis did not find any significant relationships between early specialization prior to age 14 years and basketball-related injury or feelings of mental or physical exhaustion. Conclusion: In this select group of youth basketball players, the majority specialized in basketball prior to age 14 years and reported a large number of competitive events with little time away from organized basketball. Clinical Relevance: The results from a sample of highly competitive youth basketball players indicate issues that warrant further attention and research regarding the potential impact of specialization, frequent competitions, lack of time away from organized sport, and perceptions of well-being in young athletes.

Interim results of remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training to caregivers of patients with mental health difficulties

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s281-s282
Author(s):  
K. Ashcroft ◽  
B. Insua-Summerhays
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Patients ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Competing Interest

In the past several decades, considerable evidence has emerged on the efficacy of caregiver and family interventions in the treatment of severe and enduring mental health disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated benefits of these interventions with regard to both reduced rates of burden in caregivers, and a reduction in relapse and improvement in symptoms of the person with psychosis. However, many caregivers who may benefit from such interventions are unable to access them, due to limited resources and geographical factors. Additionally, concerns about stigma and time constraints may deter caregivers from accessing support. The following study is among the first to address these barriers using a remotely delivered, one-on-one caregiver intervention. Caregivers (n = 93) of patients with severe and enduring mental health difficulties took part in a tailored psychoeducation and skills training intervention, consisting of weekly 40 minute videoconference or telephone sessions with a trained clinician. Caregivers completed the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at baseline, and eight sessions (mid treatment). It was hypothesized that caregivers would show a reduction of distress and burden in response to the intervention. Interim comparison of pre- versus 8th session measures demonstrated a highly significant reduction in GHQ scores (P < 001), as well as a highly significant reduction in IEQ scores (P < 001). Results suggest that remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training may be an effective and accessible intervention to improve the well-being of, and decrease burden in, caregivers of mental health patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Education On The Well-Being Of Korean Women, 1980-2001

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rich Nation ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 28.25pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This paper examines the relationship between education and the well-being of Korean women during the period 1980-2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The past 19 years has seen dramatic changes in the well-being of women and in their economic status. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">A broad range of indicators are considered to capture changes in women's well-being, notably education, labor force participation, wages, employment, unemployment, and occupational distributions.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This paper compares well-being experiences between male and female workers, focusing on labor market indicators.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This study uses extremely rich nation-wide aggregate statistics for performing decompositions to explain the trends of Korean women&rsquo;s well-being and economic development.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Our main finding is that from 1980 to 2001 the well-being of Korean women increased quite markedly.</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></p>

Leisure Activities and the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in Croatia

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan ◽  
Tihana Brkljačić ◽  
Zvjezdana Prizmić Larsen ◽  
Andreja Brajša-Žganec ◽  
Renata Franc
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Financial Status

Abstract. Research shows that engagement in leisure activities promotes well-being among older adults. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being (flourishing) and leisure activities (total number of different activities in the previous year) in a sample of older adults in Croatia, thereby considering the variables of sex, marital status, financial status, and self-perceived health. The differences in the examined variables between the groups of older adults who reported to be engaged in new activities with those who did not were also examined. The sample of N = 169 older adults aged 60 years and above was drawn from a convenience sample of adult internet users in Croatia. Participants reported their self-perceived health and the number of leisure activities they engaged in over the previous year as well as completing the Flourishing Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that older adults who were engaged in more various leisure activities, who perceived better financial status, and who were married reported higher levels of flourishing. A comparison of the two groups of older adults with and without engagement in leisure activities showed that those engaged in at least one leisure activity were more likely to be women, reported higher levels of flourishing, and perceived their own financial status as better. This study indicated that engaging in leisure activities in later life might provide beneficial effects for the well-being of older adults.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

SOLID WASTE TO THEME BASED PARKS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA: A HEALTHY, SUSTAINABLE, ECO-FRIENDLY AND SKILLED INITIATIVE FOR ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan . ◽  
Mrs. Sunita Yadav ◽  
Dr. Bhagwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Status

Waste is generated by various day to day human activities. Adopting improper waste handling and disposal methods can harm the well-being of public and environment. Waste management creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs in terms of social causes and it affects the economic structure and economic status of any country. One of the new approaches in waste management and income generation is Social entrepreneurship. But in Bharat i.e. India the young entrepreneurs have a dearth of consciousness towards social entrepreneurship. This paper discusses the status of solid waste management in India and Government initiatives for managing Solid Waste at Dharamshala. The main objectives of study are 1) to check awareness of people in managing solid waste at Dharamsala 2) and how to convert the plastic waste into theme based parks as skilled initiative for entrepreneurs at tourist spots in Himachal Pradesh. The paper thus explores the scope for entrepreneurs in waste management. The study reveals that Solid waste management concept attracted the attention of government around 1970s. But till now we believe in filling the waste in the ground or putting them in the dustbin. Government of India has created few acts and rules on waste management which are listed in this paper. Through this study it is revealed that people of Dharamshala welcome to the construction of themed parks made from plastic bottles. Majority of these people believe in separating waste at home and according to them conditions of waste disposal at Dharamshala are not very good. There is a positive correlation between people’s opinion of constructing theme parks and using plastic bottles in park’s construction. Study believes that the quantity of plastic waste in our country is endless which creates lot scope and opportunity to the social entrepreneurs.

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