Integration and Responsiveness: Marketing Strategies of Japanese and European Automobile Manufacturers

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Grein ◽  
C. Samuel Craig ◽  
Hirokazu Takada
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Using Data ◽  
European Markets ◽  
Insight Into

Formulating a strategy to compete effectively in international markets is one of the major challenges a firm faces. The authors provide insight into how automobile firms devise strategies that respond to the conflicting pressures for local responsiveness and integration in the context of Western Europe, where Japanese automobile firms compete with European-based manufacturers. The authors develop a conceptual framework to test integration–responsiveness in terms of marketing-mix responses and market conditions, using data that cover four major European markets (73% of Western European sales) and a critical period in European integration. The findings indicate that Japanese firms are successfully pursuing standardization strategies rather than fully combining integration and responsiveness. These firms competitively adapt to limited differences between markets, and this strategy appears to be quite successful compared with the European firms’ strategies of combining integration and responsiveness. The European strategy appears to undermine the ability to respond to Japanese firms’ targeted competitive moves, despite the presence of significant barriers to Japanese exports. Whereas Japanese firms were able to maintain market share, European firms’ market shares decreased over the three-year period examined.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Oman Fisheries Firms After the European Union Ban

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
L. Zaibet ◽  
H. Boughanmi ◽  
A. AI-Marshudi ◽  
T. AI-Hinai
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the impacts of the l998 ban on Oman fish exports to the EU markets and ensuing the internationalization of Oman fish companies. The ban raises two concerns that the paper intends to answer: (i) how firms have responded to surmount the ban, and (ii) which strategies are more effective in the process of internationalization. The paper distinguishes three sets of actions: during the ban and immediate actions; short term actions; and long term actions. Besides government support for the implementation of international norms of quality and safety control, firms have responded individually to the EU ban. The actions subsequently undertaken by firms in response to the ban were selected: identification of new markets (alternatives); implementation of the required regulations and needed support to continue exporting to traditional European markets (competence); and long term business and marketing strategies (strategic thinking). These actions or steps represent the internationalization process or approach followed by the fisheries firms in Oman. All these actions have been undertaken after the EU ban, which leads to the conclusion that the ban has indeed worked as a driving force to internationalize, i.e. to develop the requisites of international markets.  

A Model of the Influence of Marketing Objectives on Pricing Strategies in International Countertrade

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Paun ◽  
Larry D. Compeau ◽  
Dhruv Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

As international markets become increasingly more competitive, firms must employ innovative marketing strategies merely to survive. One such strategy is the use of international countertrade. Offering to countertrade or responding to countertrade offers not only can enable a firm to survive, but also can provide the firm with the opportunity to achieve its marketing objective. Because countertrading involves complex exchanges of widely disparate products with debatable values, the pricing strategy employed is an important factor. The authors develop and empirically test a model of the influence of marketing objectives on buyers’ price expectations and sellers’ pricing strategies in international countertrade. Qualitative interviews provide insight into the world of countertrading and assist the articulation of the model and research methodology. A mail survey involving 108 countertrade practitioners from 23 countries offers support for 22 of the 24 hypotheses. The authors develop implications for policymakers and managers.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Actual Incidence of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Emergent Hotspots: The Example of Hokkaido, Japan during February–March 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2392
Author(s):  
Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov ◽  
Kenji Mizumoto ◽  
Sung-Mok Jung ◽  
Natalie M. Linton ◽  
Ryosuke Omori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Actual Incidence

Following the first report of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sapporo city, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, on 14 February 2020, a surge of cases was observed in Hokkaido during February and March. As of 6 March, 90 cases were diagnosed in Hokkaido. Unfortunately, many infected persons may not have been recognized due to having mild or no symptoms during the initial months of the outbreak. We therefore aimed to predict the actual number of COVID-19 cases in (i) Hokkaido Prefecture and (ii) Sapporo city using data on cases diagnosed outside these areas. Two statistical frameworks involving a balance equation and an extrapolated linear regression model with a negative binomial link were used for deriving both estimates, respectively. The estimated cumulative incidence in Hokkaido as of 27 February was 2,297 cases (95% confidence interval (CI): 382–7091) based on data on travelers outbound from Hokkaido. The cumulative incidence in Sapporo city as of 28 February was estimated at 2233 cases (95% CI: 0–4893) based on the count of confirmed cases within Hokkaido. Both approaches resulted in similar estimates, indicating a higher incidence of infections in Hokkaido than were detected by the surveillance system. This quantification of the gap between detected and estimated cases helped to inform the public health response at the beginning of the pandemic and provided insight into the possible scope of undetected transmission for future assessments.

A study of marketing strategies of European and Japanese firms manufacturing in the US

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoher E. Shipchandler ◽  
Vern Terpstra ◽  
David Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
The Us

Evaporite Palynology: a case study on the Permian (Lopgingian) Zechstein Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-174
Author(s):  
Martha E. Gibson ◽  
David J. Bodman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Insight Into

Evaporites characterize the Lopingian of Europe but present obstacles for biostratigraphic analysis. Here we present a case study for processing the Lopingian Zechstein Group evaporites of central-western Europe for the recovery of palynomorph assemblages. We demonstrate that full recovery is easily achieved with two main modes of palynomorph preservation observed; palynomorphs are either exceptionally well-preserved and orange-brown in colour, or poorly-preserved, brown-black, opaque and fragmented. The latter are reminiscent of palynomorphs of high thermal maturity. However, we propose that the intact nature of preservation is a result of the rapid growth of near-surface halite crystals, with their darkening a consequence of locally-enhanced heat flux due to the relatively high thermal conductivity of salt. This case study has enabled novel insight into an otherwise undescribed environment, and demonstrates the utility and possibility of extracting palynomorphs from a variety of rock salt types. This method should be applicable to a wide range of ancient evaporite and could also be applied to other Permian evaporite systems, which are used as analogues for extra-terrestrial environments.

scholarly journals Gender Attitudes in Religious Schools: A Comparative Study of Religious and Secular Private Schools in Guatemala

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Mather
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

This study assesses the effect that private religious schools have on gender attitudes in students. Using data collected from twenty-one private schools in Guatemala, gender attitudes are assessed using latent class analysis. The results indicate that students’ gender attitudes can be categorized into three distinct profiles. These are non-egalitarian, publicly egalitarian, and generally egalitarian. Subsequent analysis reveals that religious schools and specific religious beliefs are correlated with different gender attitude profiles. For instance, Catholic school students are more likely to be generally egalitarian than students in evangelical or secular schools, and biblical literalists are most likely to be publicly egalitarian. Overall, this research highlights the need to develop new conceptual models to provide more accurate and nuanced descriptions of gender attitudes. It also provides new insight into correlations between religious schools and religious beliefs and gender attitudes formation.

scholarly journals Analisis Game Theory pada Strategi Bersaing Alfamart dan Indomaret di Kebumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
An Nisa Nur Laila ◽  
Kabul Trifiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
Product Strategies

Alfamart and Indomaret are the market rulers in Indonesia. According to research firm Nielsen, Alfamart and Indomaret take 87% market share (Gumiwang, 2019). Both retailers compete in opening their outlets which can influence marketing strategies and increase sales volume. This study aims to determine the optimal marketing strategy through game theory that is oriented towards the advantages of company facilities that are prioritized by customers and to find out what strategies are appropriate to be improved and maintained so that customers are more satisfied. Using the SPSS 24 Version tool to calculate the level of validity and reliability of each attribute given and also to determine a Cartesian chart to determine Importance Performance Analysis and use the POM-QM 4 software to determine what strategy is superior to Alfamart and Indomaret. The elements of the marketing mix used are Product , price, Promotion, Place, People, physical evidence and process. The purpose of this research is to get an optimal marketing strategy through game theory that is oriented to the advantages of company facilities that are prioritized by customers and to find out what strategies are appropriate to improve so that customers are more satisfied. The results showed that Alfamart was superior in implementing promotion strategies and Indomaret was superior in implementing product strategies.

scholarly journals Exchange-traded products in Germany: development and substitution of exchange-traded funds, exchange-traded commodities and exchange-traded notes

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-665
Author(s):  
Adam Marszk
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Exchange Traded Funds ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Exchange Traded Notes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Total Market

Research background: Exchange-traded products (ETPs) are one of the most rapidly growing categories of financial products. Their fast development has been boosted by innovative features. Three main categories of ETPs are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs). ETCs and ETNs remain least known, even though their number on some stock exchanges is high. In Europe, Germany is one of the largest and most active ETPs markets. ETCs and ETNs are debt instruments, in contrast with the most popular ETFs, which are equity securities. Therefore, they offer investors different advantages, but also expose them to other types of risks. Purpose of the article: The key aim of the article is to present the features of ETPs and to provide in-depth insight into the issues linked with the development of ETPs market in Germany, with the special emphasis on the ETCs and ETNs. Methods: In the main empirical part of the article, German ETPs market is analyzed using descriptive statistics and technological substitution framework (employed for the analysis of innovations in order to evaluate the changing market shares of, first, ETFs versus ETCs and ETNs, as well as, second, ETFs versus other types of investment funds). The period of the analysis is 2010–2016 in the former case and 2007–2016 in the latter. Findings & Value added: Share of ETPs other than ETFs in the total market in Germany remains low. Even though the market position of the leading products, i.e. ETFs, is still very strong, some substitution has been observed, especially after 2015. Predictions indicate that this trend will continue in the upcoming years. The results of the analysis of the investment funds’ market confirm the substitution between ETFs and traditional investment funds over 2007–2017, in particular in the first years of this time period.

scholarly journals Functioning of the Clothing Networks on the Global Markets - Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Monika Malinowska-Olszowy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Marketing Mix Strategy ◽  
Made In

The globalisation process contributes to shaping of many diverse consequences, among others it causes the internationalization of production, new, global division of work, increase of competitiveness, it builds the branches of a globalising business. From the point of view of economy, the phenomenon of globalisation influences the deepening of a free float of commodities, services, resources, capital, work, and also information between the countries. These factors significantly contribute to many changes that are visible in the operations of the latter-day enterprises (Penc 2003, p. 152). One of the consequences of the globalisation process, which is directly connected with the functioning of companies, is the necessity of building and managing the brand. As a result it creates many possibilities to global companies from the textile-clothing sector that want to achieve a market success. However, in order to achieve it one has to fulfill many, constantly increasing, expectations of the buyers. The realisation of these challenges is possible only with the share of two crucial factors: proper competitiveness and progressive marketing strategies. In the clothing sector the partnership networks are being created between the economic subject, because such actions are aimed at minimising the risk, as well as to reducing the production and distribution costs. The most often encountered networks in the textile-clothing branch are the franchising networks. The present article concentrates on the competitiveness aspect of the global clothing networks. A comparative analysis of the action of the commercial clothing networks was made, in order to show some features of its operation and proceeding, while focusing on the specified elements of the marketing-mix strategy. The obtained results allowed to show the differences and similarities in the used marketing strategies.

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