Influence of temperature and potential range on Zn-Ni deposition properties formed by cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition in chloride bath solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Beheshti ◽  
Mokhtar Che Ismail ◽  
Saeid Kakooei ◽  
Shohreh Shahrestani
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Bath Solution ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Mobility Of Ions ◽  
X52 Steel

AbstractThis paper describes the study of electrodeposition process by cyclic voltammetry for Zn-Ni bimetallic coating on the X52 carbon steel substrate. Prior to the deposition at the bath temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and 60°C, investigations were carried out to find the optimum potential range for zinc-nickel coatings with respect to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used for surface morphology and elemental composition studies. The corrosion rate of the deposits was studied using the linear polarization resistance (LPR) method by immersing the samples (with and without coating) into 3.5% NaCl solution for 24 h. SEM and EDX results showed that the bath temperature has affected the formation of the microstructures and composition of coating. In addition, micro-cracks, nickel content, mobility of ions and compactness of microstructure increased by raising the bath temperature used for electrodeposition. The corrosion rate obtained from the LPR method can be correlated with the SEM/EDX analysis. The coating deposited at the temperature of 60°C including more content of nickel and micro-cracks led to lower corrosion resistance compared to the coating deposited at the bath solution temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and non-coated X52 steel. Based on the results, the Zn-Ni coating deposited on the X52 steel substrate in the bath solution at 40°C presented the best performance due to more suitable achievements of microstructure compaction, composition, microcracks, and corrosion resistance observations.

Electrochemical study on the corrosion rate of X52 steel exposed to different soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Quej-Ake ◽  
A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ir Drop ◽  
X52 Steel

Purpose The purpose of this work is to study the corrosion rate of X52 pipeline steel exposed to three types of soils collected in Campeche State in México. The electrochemical evaluation for X52 steel exposed to soils ranging from saturated soil until dry conditions was carried out for a period of 21 days. Owing to its versatility to study the steel corrosion process exposed to different types of soils, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic voltammetry tests were performed. Additionally, optical and electronic microscopy observations of the steel surface were carried out. Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical cell arrangement was described elsewhere (Quej-Ake et al., 2014). Owing to soil being an electrolytic system with high resistivity and impedance, all electrodes were placed as close as possible, and iR-drop compensation was taken into account using two rods of graphite as an auxiliary electrode. In addition, the conductivity of the soil (Rs) obtained from EIS was used to correct the potential of the working electrode according to iR-drop, and an analysis of ohmic drop from the polarization curves was carried out. Findings Saturated conditions of the three soils were initially considered as the most corrosive conditions for X52 steel surface. Finally, 21 days of immersion time was taken into account as the more drastic condition. So, according to results, X52 steel exposed to beach sand was more susceptible to the corrosion process (0.092 mm/year). iR corrected was negligible at low over-potentials region in saturated soils, which is inside the linear region of Tafel or the activation region. In addition, high cathodic peak potential value obtained from cyclic voltammetry for X52 steel exposed to saturated soil may be attributed to hydrogen evolution reaction and neutral pH. Research limitations/implications The paper has implications for research. It bridges the gap between theory and practice. Originality/value Cyclic voltammetry is a really important tool for the electrochemical analysis of the pipeline steel surface exposed to saturated soils, but is not adequate for analysis of steel exposed to dried soils. In addition, the physicochemical results show that fissures, voids and extra-oxygen presence could also affect the electrochemical responses obtained for X52 steel exposed to soils.

scholarly journals Effect of the Physicochemical Properties of Soils on Generalized and Localized Corrosion Rate of API X52 and X60 Pipeline Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Contreras A
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
X52 Steel ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

This work analyzed physicochemical properties of different types of soils on the generalized and localized corrosion rate in two steels (X52 and X60) most used in pipeline transportation of hydrocarbons. The physicochemical properties such moisture content, pH, resistivity and redox potential, which influence the corrosion rate of the pipelines were analyzed. Soils from three different sites in the south of México were obtained. Soils were sampled approximately 1.5 m deep, close to pipeline. From the analysis of generalized corrosion results taking into account the type of soil, it was observed that the most corrosive soil for the two steels was soil-3, generating corrosion rates of 0.119 and 0.097 mm/year, for the X52 and X60 steels respectively, after a period of 6 months. It is important to note that the maximum generalized corrosion rate was obtained after 1 month of exposure of the steels, generating corrosion rates of 0.177 and 0.162 mm/year, for the X52 and X60 steels respectively. In similar way, the localized corrosion rates for the both steels were higher when steels are exposed to Soil-3, generating corrosion rates of 1.1 and 0.45 mm/year, for X52 and X60 steel respectively, after a period of 6 months. In general it was observed that X60 steel presents greater resistance to pitting corrosion rate (in Soil-3), which can be attributed to its more homogeneous microstructure, fine grain size, and its chemical composition that presents elements such as Cr and Ni in greater quantity than X52 steel, which improve the corrosion resistance. However, depending on the type of soil the corrosion resistance behavior of each steel is different. From the analysis of various equations fits, it was determined that the potential equation is the one that gives the best fit for all cases.

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition and Corrosion Resistance of Al-Zn-Si-RE Waterborne Coatings

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 1076-1079
Author(s):  
Qiong Jiang ◽  
Qiang Miao ◽  
Wen Ping Liang ◽  
Bei Lei Ren ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
Salt Spray Test ◽  
Aluminum Coatings ◽  
Lower Corrosion Rate ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

New waterborne Al-Zn-Si-RE coatings with improved corrosion resistance were introduced in this study. The corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Si-RE coatings was evaluated by electrochemical measurements and salt spray test. Evolution of microstructure and phase composition at different exposure time in salt spray test was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. The results indicate that Al-Zn-Si-RE coatings provide effective sacrificial protection to the steel substrate but exhibit lower corrosion rate and higher corrosion resistance compared to zinc aluminum coatings. The dense continuous corrosion layer formed on Al-Zn-Si-RE coating acts as a barrier layer, limiting the transport of aggressive species towards the coating-substrate interface and the corrosion rate of the coating; Zinc aluminum hydroxy carbonates are the dominant components in the corrosion layer of Al-Zn-Si-RE coatings.

Effect of Graphene Content on Composition and Corrosion Resistance of Co-Ni-Graphene Composite Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1134-1139
Author(s):  
Guang Ning Wei ◽  
Er Long Gao ◽  
Xue Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Graphene Content ◽  
Mild Steel Substrate

The nanocrystalline CO-Ni-graphene composite coating were successfully fabricated onto the mild steel substrate by electrochemical co-deposition technique. The coating was prepared by changing the amount of added graphene at the bath temperature of 50°C, PH value of 4 and current density of 2A/dm2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to analyze the surface morphology, composition and phase structure of the coating. The prepared composite coating was then subjected to an impedance map in a 3.5% NaCl solution by a VersaSTAT3 electrochemical analyzer. The results show that the surface morphology of the coating was coarsened with the increase of graphene content in the electrolyte. The corrosion rate of the coating in the 3.5% NaCl solution first decreased and then increased, and the corrosion rate was 0.1998mA/cm2 at a content of 1.0 g/L.

Corrosion investigation of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel electrodeposited at different current densities and deposition times

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Hyie Koay ◽  
Mohd Adham Akmal Tukiran ◽  
Siti Nur Amalina Mohd Halidi ◽  
Mardziah Che Murad ◽  
Zuraidah Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of current density on the surface roughness and corrosion performance of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. Process variables are the key factor in controlling the electrodeposition process. It is important to study the processing parameter to optimize the mechanical and corrosion resistance performance of the coating substrate. Design/methodology/approach A low-cost electrodeposition method was used to the synthesize Co–Ni–Fe coating on the mild steel substrate. In the electrodeposition, electrochemistry concept was applied. The temperature of the process was controlled at 50 ± 5°C in an acidic environment. The influence of current density (11, 22 and 33 mA/cm2) and deposition time (15, 20 and 30 min) toward the surface roughness, hardness and corrosion rate was investigated. Findings The increases of time deposition and current density have improved the microhardness and corrosion resistance of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. The Co–Ni–Fe nanoparticles deposited at 30 min and current density of 33 mA/cm2 experienced the smallest surface roughness value (Ra). The same sample also obtained the highest Vickers microhardness of 122.6 HV and the lowest corrosion rate. This may be due to the homogenous and complete protection coating performed on the mild steel. Practical implications The findings from the study are important for future application of Co–Ni–Fe on the mild steel parts such as fasteners, car body panels, metal chains, wire ropes, engine parts, bicycle rims, nails and screws and various outdoor uses. The improvement of corrosion resistance using optimum electrodeposition parameters is essential for these applications to prolong the life span of the parts. Originality/value A new process which pertains to fabrication of Co–Ni–Fe as a protective coating on mild steel was proposed. The Co–Ni–Fe coating can enhance the corrosion protection and thus prolong the lifespan of the mild steel parts.

Study on the Corrosion Resistance of Ti(CN) Composites Coating

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Li ◽  
Jian Jun Hao ◽  
Yue Jin Ma ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Jian Guo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Polarization Measurement ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Metal composites coating of Ti (CN) was made on the surface of Q235 steel substrate by reaction nitrogen are welding cladding process, and potted with low temperature epoxy, di-n-butyl phthalate and T31, the mass ratio was 10:2:1.5. To evaluate the corrosion resistance of Ti (CN) coating, the specimens were immersed in 5% sulfuric acid and 3.5% sodium chloride to calculate corrosion rate by potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The corrosion resistance of Ti (CN) is improved by 3.45 times in 5% sulfuric acid and 4.39 times in3.5% sodium chloride.

COOPER ALLOY 22W

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Creep Rate ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Gas Corrosion ◽  
Very High

Abstract Cooper Alloy 22W is a high strength, heat resistant casting alloy with a low creep rate. It is recommended for heat applications where stress and hot gas corrosion rate are very high. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-146. Producer or source: Cooper Alloy Corporation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Cr-B Coatings Produced on Vanadis® 6 Tool Steel Using Laser Processing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Aneta Bartkowska
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Laser Beam Power ◽  
High Microhardness ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a study of the microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Cr-B coatings produced on Vanadis 6 tool steel. In this study, chromium and boron were added to the steel surface using a laser alloying process. The main purpose of the study was to determine the impact of those chemical elements on surface properties. Chromium and boron as well as their mixtures were prepared in various proportions and then were applied on steel substrate in the form of precoat of 100 µm thickness. Depending on the type of precoat used and laser processing parameters, changes in microstructure and properties were observed. Coatings produced using precoat containing chromium and boron mixture were characterized by high microhardness (900 HV0.05–1300 HV0.005) while maintaining good corrosion resistance. It was also found that too low laser beam power contributed to the formation of cracks and porosity.

scholarly journals Sacrificial Dissolution of Zinc Electroplated and Cold Galvanized Coated Steel in Saline and Soil Environments: A Comparison

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Ameeq Farooq ◽  
Umer Masood Chaudry ◽  
Ahsan Saleem ◽  
Kashif Mairaj Deen ◽  
Kotiba Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Soil Solutions

To protect steel structures, zinc coatings are mostly used as a sacrificial barrier. This research aims to estimate the dissolution tendency of the electroplated and zinc-rich cold galvanized (ZRCG) coatings of a controlled thickness (35 ± 1 μm) applied via brush and dip coating methods on the mild steel. To assess the corrosion behavior of these coated samples in 3.5% NaCl and 10% NaCl containing soil solutions, open circuit potential (OCP), cyclic polarization (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed. The more negative OCP and appreciably large corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coated samples in 3.5% NaCl solution highlighted the preferential dissolution of Zn coatings. However, in saline soil solution, the relatively positive OCP (>−850 mV vs. Cu/CuSO4) and lower corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coatings compared to the uncoated steel sample indicated their incapacity to protect the steel substrate. The CP scans of the zinc electroplated samples showed a positive hysteresis loop after 24 h of exposure in 3.5% NaCl and saline soil solutions attributing to the localized dissolution of the coating. Similarly, the appreciable decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the electroplated samples after 24 h of exposure corresponded to their accelerated dissolution. Compared to the localized dissolution of the electroplated and brush-coated samples, the dip-coated ZRCG samples exhibited uniform dissolution during the extended exposure (500 h) salt spray test.

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