The Impact of Microclimate Parameters on Odour Emissions from Pig Production in Spring

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the impact of inside temperature and relative humidity, ventilation rate and gas concentrations (NH3, N2O, CO2) on odour emissions from deep-litter piggery. The studied facility had temperature-controlled mechanical ventilation. The measurements were conducted from March to June 2014. During the research, selected microclimate parameters, as well as number and mass of animals were monitored and air samples were collected (two samples of air in each series of measurements). Temperature and relative humidity were measured using Testo 435-4 multifunctional measuring instrument. To measurements of gas concentrations was used the photo-acoustic spectrometer Multi Gas Monitor Model 1312. The concentration of odours in the air samples was determined by dynamic olfactometry with the TO 8 olfactometer, according to PN-EN 13725:2007. The odour concentration ranged from 450 to 2004 ouE · m–3 (mean 1048 ouE · m–3) and the mean odour emission factor was from 5.76 to 46.79 ouE · (s · pig)−1 (mean 20.93 ouE· (s · pig)−1.The statistical analysis showed that the inside temperature explained most of the variability of the odour concentration and the relationship was described by equation: cod = 5634 – 197 Tinside (R2 = 0.82, p ≤ 0.05). For odour emission factor, two parameters: the inside temperature and ventilation rate, explained most of the variability, according to the equation: EFod = 108 + 1939 VR – 5.5 Tinside (R2 = 0.81, p ≤ 0.05).

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Odour Emissions of Municipal Waste Biogas Plants—Impact of Technological Factors, Air Temperature and Humidity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10031093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marta Wiśniewska ◽

Andrzej Kulig ◽

Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

Individual Measurement ◽

Technological Factors ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Odour Emissions ◽

The Impact

Biogas plants processing municipal waste are an important part of a circular economy (energy generation from biogas and organic fertiliser production for the treatment of selectively collected biowaste). However, the technological processes taking place may be associated with odour nuisance. The paper presents the results of pilot research conducted at six municipal waste biogas plants in Poland. It shows the relations between odour intensity and concentration and the occurring meteorological and ambient conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and technological factors at biogas plants processing municipal waste. The impact of meteorological and ambient conditions was identified by measuring air temperature and relative humidity and observing their changes. The impact of technological factors was identified by measuring odorant concentration (volatile organic compounds and ammonia) and observing their changes between individual measurement series. At most analysed biogas plants, the influence of technological factors on odour emissions took place and was clearly noted. The elements of biogas installations characterised by the highest concentration of these odorants were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the choice of technological solutions and technical and organisational measures to reduce the impact of unfavourable atmospheric conditions on odour emissions.

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The impact of acute stress on the neural processing of food cues in bulimia nervosa: Replication in two samples.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 540-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Brittany Collins ◽

Lauren Breithaupt ◽

Jennifer E. McDowell ◽

L. Stephen Miller ◽

James Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Neural Processing ◽

Food Cues ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Impact

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Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19: a modelling study in China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e043863

Author(s):

Jingyuan Wang ◽

Ke Tang ◽

Kai Feng ◽

Xin Lin ◽

Weifeng Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Human Mobility ◽

The United States ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Usa ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesWe aim to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 across communities after accounting for community-level factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status and human mobility status.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional regression analysis via the Fama-MacBeth procedure is adopted.SettingWe use the data for COVID-19 daily symptom-onset cases for 100 Chinese cities and COVID-19 daily confirmed cases for 1005 US counties.ParticipantsA total of 69 498 cases in China and 740 843 cases in the USA are used for calculating the effective reproductive numbers.Primary outcome measuresRegression analysis of the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the effective reproductive number (R value).ResultsStatistically significant negative correlations are found between temperature/relative humidity and the effective reproductive number (R value) in both China and the USA.ConclusionsHigher temperature and higher relative humidity potentially suppress the transmission of COVID-19. Specifically, an increase in temperature by 1°C is associated with a reduction in the R value of COVID-19 by 0.026 (95% CI (−0.0395 to −0.0125)) in China and by 0.020 (95% CI (−0.0311 to −0.0096)) in the USA; an increase in relative humidity by 1% is associated with a reduction in the R value by 0.0076 (95% CI (−0.0108 to −0.0045)) in China and by 0.0080 (95% CI (−0.0150 to −0.0010)) in the USA. Therefore, the potential impact of temperature/relative humidity on the effective reproductive number alone is not strong enough to stop the pandemic.

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Evolution of the viscoelastic properties of painting stratigraphies: a moisture weathering and nanoindentation approach

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00552-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Tiennot ◽

Davide Iannuzzi ◽

Erma Hermens

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽

Storage And Loss Moduli ◽

Heritage Studies ◽

Paint Films ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this investigation on the mechanical behaviour of paint films, we use a new ferrule-top nanoindentation protocol developed for cultural heritage studies to examine the impact of repeated relative humidity variations on the viscoelastic behaviour of paint films and their mechanical properties in different paint stratigraphies through the changes in their storage and loss moduli. We show that the moisture weathering impact on the micromechanics varies for each of these pigment-oil systems. Data from the nanoindentation protocol provide new insights into the evolution of the viscoelastic properties dsue to the impact of moisture weathering on paint films.

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Odour, dust and non-methane volatile organic-compound emissions from tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds: a case study of two farms

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12343 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mark Dunlop ◽

Zoran D. Ristovski ◽

Erin Gallagher ◽

Gavin Parcsi ◽

Robin L. Modini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dust Emission ◽

Ventilation Rate ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Layer Chicken ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Odour Emissions ◽

Cleaning Cycle ◽

Study Sites

An observational study was undertaken to measure odour and dust (PM10 and PM2.5) emission rates and identify non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and odorants in the exhaust air from two tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds that were configured with multi-tiered cages and manure belts. The study sites were located in south-eastern Queensland and the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Samples were collected in summer and winter on sequential days across the manure-belt cleaning cycle. Odour emissions ranged from 58 to 512 ou/s per 1000 birds (0.03–0.27 ou/s.kg) and dust emission rates ranged 0.014–0.184 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM10 and 0.001–0.190 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM2.5. Twenty NMVOCs were identified, including three that were also identified as odorants using thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis. Odour emission rates were observed to vary with the amount of manure accumulation on the manure belts, being lowest 2–4 days after removing manure. Odour emission rates were also observed to vary with diurnal and seasonal changes in ventilation rate. Dust emissions were observed to increase with ventilation rate but not with manure accumulation. Some NMVOCs were identified at both farms and in different seasons whereas others were observed only at one farm or in one season, indicating that odorant composition was influenced by farm-specific practices and season.

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Impact of Scene Content on High Resolution Video Quality

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21082872 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2872

Author(s):

Miroslav Uhrina ◽

Anna Holesova ◽

Juraj Bienik ◽

Lukas Sevcik

Keyword(s):

Video Compression ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Video Quality ◽

Video Sequences ◽

Compression Efficiency ◽

Opinion Score ◽

Scene Description ◽

Two Parameters ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of content on the perceived video quality evaluated using the subjective Absolute Category Rating (ACR) method. The assessment was conducted on eight types of video sequences with diverse content obtained from the SJTU dataset. The sequences were encoded at 5 different constant bitrates in two widely video compression standards H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC at Full HD and Ultra HD resolutions, which means 160 annotated video sequences were created. The length of Group of Pictures (GOP) was set to half the framerate value, as is typical for video intended for transmission over a noisy communication channel. The evaluation was performed in two laboratories: one situated at the University of Zilina, and the second at the VSB—Technical University in Ostrava. The results acquired in both laboratories reached/showed a high correlation. Notwithstanding the fact that the sequences with low Spatial Information (SI) and Temporal Information (TI) values reached better Mean Opinion Score (MOS) score than the sequences with higher SI and TI values, these two parameters are not sufficient for scene description, and this domain should be the subject of further research. The evaluation results led us to the conclusion that it is unnecessary to use the H.265/HEVC codec for compression of Full HD sequences and the compression efficiency of the H.265 codec by the Ultra HD resolution reaches the compression efficiency of both codecs by the Full HD resolution. This paper also includes the recommendations for minimum bitrate thresholds at which the video sequences at both resolutions retain good and fair subjectively perceived quality.

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A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity

Journal of Intensive Care ◽

10.1186/s40560-021-00546-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kazuyuki Miyamoto ◽

Keisuke Suzuki ◽

Hirokazu Ohtaki ◽

Motoyasu Nakamura ◽

Hiroki Yamaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Core Body ◽

The Impact ◽

Treatment Water

Abstract Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.

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Coastal Mangrove Response to Marine Erosion: Evaluating the Impacts of Spatial Distribution and Vegetation Growth in Bangkok Bay from 1987 to 2017

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12020220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han Xiao ◽

Fenzhen Su ◽

Dongjie Fu ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Chong Huang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Human Disturbances ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Two Parameters ◽

The Impact

Long time-series monitoring of mangroves to marine erosion in the Bay of Bangkok, using Landsat data from 1987 to 2017, shows responses including landward retreat and seaward extension. Quantitative assessment of these responses with respect to spatial distribution and vegetation growth shows differing relationships depending on mangrove growth stage. Using transects perpendicular to the shoreline, we calculated the cross-shore mangrove extent (width) to represent spatial distribution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent vegetation growth. Correlations were then compared between mangrove seaside changes and the two parameters—mangrove width and NDVI—at yearly and 10-year scales. Both spatial distribution and vegetation growth display positive impacts on mangrove ecosystem stability: At early growth stages, mangrove stability is positively related to spatial distribution, whereas at mature growth the impact of vegetation growth is greater. Thus, we conclude that at early growth stages, planting width and area are more critical for stability, whereas for mature mangroves, management activities should focus on sustaining vegetation health and density. This study provides new rapid insights into monitoring and managing mangroves, based on analyses of parameters from historical satellite-derived information, which succinctly capture the net effect of complex environmental and human disturbances.

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Developing Relative Humidity and Temperature Corrections for Low-Cost Sensors Using Machine Learning

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3338

Author(s):

Ivan Vajs ◽

Dejan Drajic ◽

Nenad Gligoric ◽

Ilija Radovanovic ◽

Ivan Popovic

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Air Quality ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Air Quality Monitoring ◽

Lower Accuracy ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact ◽

Monitoring Stations

Existing government air quality monitoring networks consist of static measurement stations, which are highly reliable and accurately measure a wide range of air pollutants, but they are very large, expensive and require significant amounts of maintenance. As a promising solution, low-cost sensors are being introduced as complementary, air quality monitoring stations. These sensors are, however, not reliable due to the lower accuracy, short life cycle and corresponding calibration issues. Recent studies have shown that low-cost sensors are affected by relative humidity and temperature. In this paper, we explore methods to additionally improve the calibration algorithms with the aim to increase the measurement accuracy considering the impact of temperature and humidity on the readings, by using machine learning. A detailed comparative analysis of linear regression, artificial neural network and random forest algorithms are presented, analyzing their performance on the measurements of CO, NO2 and PM10 particles, with promising results and an achieved R2 of 0.93–0.97, 0.82–0.94 and 0.73–0.89 dependent on the observed period of the year, respectively, for each pollutant. A comprehensive analysis and recommendations on how low-cost sensors could be used as complementary monitoring stations to the reference ones, to increase spatial and temporal measurement resolution, is provided.

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Interdependence between L1 and L2: The case of Syrian children with refugee backgrounds in Canada and the Netherlands

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716421000229 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Elma Blom ◽

Adriana Soto-Corominas ◽

Zahraa Attar ◽

Evangelia Daskalaki ◽

Johanne Paradis

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Maternal Education ◽

First Language ◽

Refugee Camp ◽

Syntactic Skills ◽

Two Samples ◽

Bilingual Language Development ◽

Dutch Sample ◽

L1 And L2 ◽

The Impact

Abstract Children who are refugees become bilingual in circumstances that are often challenging and that can vary across national contexts. We investigated the second language (L2) syntactic skills of Syrian children aged 6-12 living in Canada (n = 56) and the Netherlands (n = 47). Our goal was to establish the impact of the first language (L1 = Syrian Arabic) skills on L2 (English, Dutch) outcomes and whether L1–L2 interdependence is influenced by the length of L2 exposure. To measure L1 and L2 syntactic skills, cross-linguistic Litmus Sentence Repetition Tasks (Litmus-SRTs) were used. Results showed evidence of L1–L2 interdependence, but interdependence may only surface after sufficient L2 exposure. Maternal education level and refugee camp experiences differed between the two samples. Both variables impacted L2 outcomes in the Canadian but not in the Dutch sample, demonstrating the importance to examine refugee children’s bilingual language development in different national contexts.

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