Cold Stress Tolerance during Early Growth Stages of Naturalized Helianthus petiolaris Populations

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (64) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Agustina Gutierrez ◽  
Miguel Cantamutto ◽  
Monica Poverene
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Helianthus Petiolaris

AbstractIn the last 10 years the sunflower crop area of Argentina has shifted towards the Southwest as a result of the expansion of soybean cultivation. Early sowings require greater tolerance to low temperatures in order to optimize the use of water resources by the crop, especially in the seedling stage, when cold stress limits growth and productivity. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild genetic resource that has contributed to the production of sunflower cultivars. The goal of this study was to evaluate the tolerance to low temperatures in H. petiolaris plants. Morphological traits (plant height, leaf width and leaf length) and physiological traits (electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content, and glucose content) were compared in eight accessions having an early germination in the field and one with normal life cycle. Acclimated and non-acclimated plants were subjected to cold stress followed by a recovery period. Physiological traits during early growth stages showed differences in cold tolerance and for acclimation ability between accessions, suggesting the existence of heritable components. Four accessions were the most cold-tolerant among the studied populations, suggesting a natural adaptation related to the geographical site. Results point out that H. petiolaris is a useful genetic resource to contribute to sunflower breeding in the search of cold tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Screening of pepper (Capsicum l.) seedlings tolerance to low temperature

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheol Cho ◽  
Soo Young Chae ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Cold Tolerant

This study was conducted on screening for 21 pepper genotypes tolerant to low temperature and their duration for survival in 3-4 (38 days after sowing), and 4-6 (47 days after sowing) true leaf seedling growth stages (LS). It was detected that response of seedlings on low temperature were different and ranged among the genotypes depends on growth stages. Seedlings in early 3-4 LS growth stage were more susceptible than 4-6 LS seedlings, where the first symptoms of leaf cold damages (LCD) were revealed within 7 days after transplanting (DAT) and 12 DAT in pepper seedlings, respectively. There were identified that the susceptible genotypes in 3-4 LS can be tolerant in 4-6 LS, or show opposite pattern, where tolerant one in next the growth stage, plant becomes susceptible. Low temperature negative impact on chlorophyll content (CHL) in leaves, however depends on seedling growth stage and genotype might be ranged. The lowest content of CHL were observed in early growth 3-4 LS seedlings than 4-6 LS. And, it was revealed that cold susceptible pepper genotypes in which CHL reduced significantly during cold treatment, showed good ability to recovery of CHL after treatment of seedlings in NT condition, whereas cold tolerant genotypes with high CHL content during low treatment, can reduce significantly of CHL after transfer of seedlings to NT condition for recovery. According to screening were selected relatively cold tolerant pepper genotypes LT8 and LT9 in early 3-4 LS, and LT8, LT13, LT18, LT20 and LT21 in 4-6 LS, where LCD were below 45 and 10%, respectively.

scholarly journals Application of vigor indexes to evaluate the cold tolerance in rice seeds germination conditioned in plant extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Bigolin Teixeira ◽  
Stefânia Nunes Pires ◽  
Gabriele Espinel Ávila ◽  
Bruna Evelyn Paschoal Silva ◽  
Victoria Novo Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Carrot Extract

AbstractRice is a crop that presents sensitivity to cold, especially in the germination phase, which leads to high economic losses. Alternative management forms are essential to increase tolerance to low temperatures, and seed priming represents a promising tool. The objective of this study was to investigate the priming effect of the aqueous extract of carrot roots on rice seeds to increase tolerance to low temperatures during germination. Seeds from cultivars BRS Querência (cold-susceptible) and Brilhante (cold-tolerant) were soaked for 24 h in concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100% carrot extract, sown on germitest paper and conditioned in BOD for 21 days at 15 °C. As a control, the seeds soaked in water were also germinated at 25 °C. They were evaluated for germination, first germination count, and germination speed index to calculate the stress indices: tolerance index, susceptibility index, and harmonic mean. They were also evaluated for the length and dry mass of shoot and root. The results showed that the rice seeds conditioning in carrot extract effectively reduces the damage caused by cold, significantly increasing the germination speed and the percentage of final germination and the growth evaluations, more expressive at 100% concentration. The stress indexes are efficient in estimating the tolerance of the cultivars and the effect of the different conditions in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the superiority of the Brilhante cultivar.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile and Co-Expression Network of Pearl Gentian Grouper under Cold Stress by Integrating Illumina and PacBio Sequences

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
Ben-Ben Miao ◽  
Su-Fang Niu ◽  
Ren-Xie Wu ◽  
Zhen-Bang Liang ◽  
Bao-Gui Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Membrane Changes

Pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) is a fish of high commercial value in the aquaculture industry in Asia. However, this hybrid fish is not cold-tolerant, and its molecular regulation mechanism underlying cold stress remains largely elusive. This study thus investigated the liver transcriptomic responses of pearl gentian grouper by comparing the gene expression of cold stress groups (20, 15, 12, and 12 °C for 6 h) with that of control group (25 °C) using PacBio SMRT-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq technologies. In SMRT-Seq analysis, a total of 11,033 full-length transcripts were generated and used as reference sequences for further RNA-Seq analysis. In RNA-Seq analysis, 3271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), two low-temperature specific modules (tan and blue modules), and two significantly expressed gene sets (profiles 0 and 19) were screened by differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA), and short time-series expression miner (STEM), respectively. The intersection of the above analyses further revealed some key genes, such as PCK, ALDOB, FBP, G6pC, CPT1A, PPARα, SOCS3, PPP1CC, CYP2J, HMGCR, CDKN1B, and GADD45Bc. These genes were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and endocrine system pathways. All these pathways were linked to biological functions relevant to cold adaptation, such as energy metabolism, stress-induced cell membrane changes, and transduction of stress signals. Taken together, our study explores an overall and complex regulation network of the functional genes in the liver of pearl gentian grouper, which could benefit the species in preventing damage caused by cold stress.

scholarly journals Osmotic Stress or Ionic Composition: Which Affects the Early Growth of Crop Species More?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Monika Osiak ◽  
Stefany Cárdenas-Pérez ◽  
Sandra Lubińska-Mielińska ◽  
Agnieszka Piernik
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ionic Salt

Salinization is a key soil degradation process. An estimated 20% of total cultivated lands and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands worldwide are affected by high salinity. Much research has investigated the influence of salt (mainly NaCl) on plants, but very little is known about how this is related to natural salinity and osmotic stress. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the osmotic and ionic salt stress responses of selected C3 and C4 cultivated plants. We focused on the early growth stages as those critical for plant development. We applied natural brine to simulate natural salinity and to compare its effect to NaCl solution. We assessed traits related to germination ability, seedlings and plantlet morphology, growth indexes, and biomass and water accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the effects of salinity on growth are strongest among plantlets. Salinity most affected water absorption in C3 plants (28% of total traits variation), but plant length in C4 plants (17–27%). Compensatory effect of ions from brine were suggested by the higher model plants’ growth success of ca 5–7% under brine compared to the NaCl condition. However, trait differences indicated that osmotic stress was the main stress factor affecting the studied plants.

scholarly journals Coastal Mangrove Response to Marine Erosion: Evaluating the Impacts of Spatial Distribution and Vegetation Growth in Bangkok Bay from 1987 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Dongjie Fu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Chong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Long time-series monitoring of mangroves to marine erosion in the Bay of Bangkok, using Landsat data from 1987 to 2017, shows responses including landward retreat and seaward extension. Quantitative assessment of these responses with respect to spatial distribution and vegetation growth shows differing relationships depending on mangrove growth stage. Using transects perpendicular to the shoreline, we calculated the cross-shore mangrove extent (width) to represent spatial distribution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent vegetation growth. Correlations were then compared between mangrove seaside changes and the two parameters—mangrove width and NDVI—at yearly and 10-year scales. Both spatial distribution and vegetation growth display positive impacts on mangrove ecosystem stability: At early growth stages, mangrove stability is positively related to spatial distribution, whereas at mature growth the impact of vegetation growth is greater. Thus, we conclude that at early growth stages, planting width and area are more critical for stability, whereas for mature mangroves, management activities should focus on sustaining vegetation health and density. This study provides new rapid insights into monitoring and managing mangroves, based on analyses of parameters from historical satellite-derived information, which succinctly capture the net effect of complex environmental and human disturbances.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium silicate on early growth stages of wheat under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Gyu Lee ◽  
Hyeri Lee ◽  
Byung Cheon Lee ◽  
Hojoung Lee ◽  
Jun Cheol Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Resequencing Points to Candidate DNA Loci Affecting Body Temperature under Cold Stress in Siberian Cattle Populations

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Alexander Igoshin ◽  
Nikolay Yudin ◽  
Ruslan Aitnazarov ◽  
Andrey A. Yurchenko ◽  
Denis M. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

Despite the economic importance of creating cold resilient cattle breeds, our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation to cold environments in cattle is still scarce compared to information on other economically important traits. Herein, using whole-genome resequencing of animals showing contrasting phenotypes on temperature maintenance under acute cold stress combined with the existing SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) functional annotations, we report chromosomal regions and candidate SNPs controlling body temperature in the Siberian cattle populations. The SNP ranking procedure based on regional FST calculations, functional annotations, and the allele frequency difference between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive groups of animals pointed to multiple candidate genes. Among these, GRIA4, COX17, MAATS1, UPK1B, IFNGR1, DDX23, PPT1, THBS1, CCL5, ATF1, PLA1A, PRKAG1, and NR1I2 were previously related to thermal adaptations in cattle. Other genes, for example KMT2D and SNRPA1, are known to be related to thermogenesis in mice and cold adaptation in common carp, respectively. This work could be useful for cattle breeding strategies in countries with harsh climates, including the Russian Federation.

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