scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of some moss species

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz M. Karpiński ◽  
Artur Adamczak
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
First Time

Summary Introduction: For centuries, mosses have been used in traditional medicine due to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from 12 moss species: Brachythecium albicans, Bryum argenteum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Dryptodon pulvinatus, Orthotrichum anomalum, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Plagiomnium undulatum, Polytrichum juniperinum, P. piliferum, Schistidium crassipilum, and Syntrichia ruralis. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of extracts was investigated against three Gram(+) bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and two Gram(-) bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), using the agar disc-diffusion method. Results: The high activity against all investigated bacteria was determined for extracts of D. pulvinatus, P. undulatum, B. argenteum, S. crassipilum, O. anomalum (mean inhibition zone: 11.3-13.1 mm) and to a lesser extent in the case of D. scoparium (8.3 mm). Extracts from P. juniperinum and P. piliferum showed activity only against Gram-positive bacteria, with an inhibition zone from 7.3 to 9.7 mm. Four species: B. albicans, C. purpureus, O. hians, and S. ruralis had not antibacterial properties. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that mosses could be a significant source of antibacterial agents. For the first time, we presented antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from S. crassipilum and O. anomalum.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

scholarly journals NOVEL COMPOSITE OF SILVER-BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (Ag-BC) FROM SIWALAN SAP (Borassus flabellifer) AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Suntini Suntini ◽  
Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih ◽  
Harjono Harjono
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Natural Composite

Recently, a wound healing from natural composite with excellent properties is in a high demand. In this study, a novel composite of bacterial cellulose made from Siwalan sap (Borassus flabellifer) was achieved. Siwalan is a common plant in Java Island of Indonesia and the application is very limited for beverage only. This study aims to determine the effect of the AgNO3/NaBH4 concentration ratio in the development of Ag-BC composites and its antibacterial properties from Siwalan sap. Ag-BC composites were prepared by impregnating the silver solution into the BC matrix through the reduction process with NaBH4. Characterization of Ag-BC composites conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Antibacterial assay was performed using disc diffusion method against Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. The characterization of Ag-BC composite shows the nanostructure of BC with a length of fiber around 35-60 nm in width. The SEM-EDX micrograph showed that silver particles were impregnated into the BC matrix. Antibacterial activity test results showed that the Ag-BC composite had the ability to inhibit the bacteria S. typhimurium and S. aureus with good inhibition. This result showed the potential application of Ag-BC composite from Siwalan plant as a natural material for medical and pharmaceutical purpose, especially as an antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of two Mentha Species Essential Oil and its Dependence on Different Origin and Chemical Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Pl'uchtová ◽  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Qada Benameur ◽  
Vito Pellizzeri ◽  
Daniela Grul'ová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Genus Mentha presents group of plants which are the most studied in family Lamiaceae. Aboveground parts are used for different purposes in pharmacy, food industry or confectionery. Most important is natural product extracted from leaves - essential oil (EO). The aim of presented experiment was to demonstrate different chemotype and compare antibacterial activity of two Mentha species EO. Plant samples were obtained from various environments – from Slovakia and from Italy. Dominant compounds were determined by GC/MS. The results showed high amount of menthol and menthone in tested Slovak peppermint EO. On the other hand, carvone and 1,8-cineole were determinate as dominant compounds in Italian spearmint EO. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was investigated by disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. EO was evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 7 microorganisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. The determination results of antibacterial activity by agar disk diffusion method ranged from 7 to 14 mm of the growth inhibition zone. MIC of tested mint EO varied from 0.625 to 2.5 μg/mL. In addition, both EO showed relatively the same antibacterial activity against the selected Gram-negative bacteria. However, there is a variation in the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Antimicrobial effects of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
Tsungai Reid ◽  
Maritha Kasambala ◽  
Tariro L Mduluza-Joko ◽  
Graham Fieggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Tumors are known to increase the risk of infections, more-so in the central nervous system where tumors may require insertion of surgical hardware/shunts such as in craniopharyngiomas. In contrast, our observation demonstrate that infections of surgical hardware are surprisingly scarce in craniopharyngioma cases. In this study, we explore the possibility of antimicrobial effects of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid. Methods The antibacterial effect of samples of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid against the selected human pathogens Escherichia. coli, S. aureus and S. pneumoniae was determined using the agar disc diffusion method. These results were compared with that of streptomycin and ampicillin.Results The samples of craniopharyngioma cystic fluid inhibited growth of gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. pneumoniae) but not the gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The samples showed highest zones of S. pneumoniae growth inhibition.Conclusion Craniopharyngioma cystic fluid demonstrated significant antibacterial properties against gram positive bacteria. More studies need to be carried out to further elucidate this unique finding.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Red Peacock Flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.) Leaf Essential Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Novena Risnalani Rintank Constani ◽  
Hartati Soetjipto ◽  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.) leaves contain essential oils which can be used as an ingredient in cosmetics, perfume, aromatherapy, medicine, and supplements. The study was conducted to obtain essential oils from peacock flower leaves and determine the antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the agar diffusion method, using paper discs. Measurements were made for the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) that appeared, while the essential oil component was analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the peacock flower leaves (C. pulcherrima) had a moderate to strong antibacterial effect at a concentration of 7.5%-20% against gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Gram-negative E. coli bacteria are relatively more sensitive to peacock flower leaf essential oil compared to other test bacteria. Peacock flower (C. pulcherrima) leaf essential oil is composed of 7 main components namely β-Cubebene 33.87%; Caryophyllene 23.00%; γ-Elemene 13.18%; α-Pinene 10.96%; Cadina-1(10),4-diene 10.20%; Copaene; 7.09%; β-Pinene 1.70%.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of different types of honey tested on strains isolated from hospitalized patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia M. Junie ◽  
Mihaela L. Vică ◽  
Mirel Glevitzky ◽  
Horea V. Matei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractThe first aim of the study was to compare the antibacterial activity of several types of honey of different origins, against some bacterial resistant strains. The strains had been isolated from patients. The second aim was to discover the correlations between the antibacterial character of honey and the physico-chemical properties of the honey. Ten honey samples (polyfloral, linden, acacia, manna, and sunflower) from the centre of Romania were tested to determine their antibacterial properties against the following bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacterial cultures in nutrient broth and the culture medium Mueller-Hinton agar were used. The susceptibility to antibiotics was performed using the disk diffusion method. All honey samples showed antibacterial activity on the isolated bacterial strains, in particular polyfloral (inhibition zone 13-21 mm in diameter) - because it is the source of several plants, and manna (inhibition zone 13-19.5 mm in diameter), and sunflower (inhibition zone 14-18.5 mm in diameter). Pure honey has a significant antibacterial activity against some bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics. Bacterial strains differed in their sensitivity to honeys. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive. The present study revealed that honey antibacterial activity depends on the origin of the honey. We also found that there was a significant correlation between antibacterial activity of honeys and the colour of the honey but not between acidity and pH. The statistical analysis showed that the honey type influences the antibacterial activity (diameter of the bacterial strains inhibition zones).

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Ambrose K. Kiprop ◽  
Viola J. Kosgei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACALYPHA FRUTICOSA FORSSK.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Thambiraj J
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

The present study is to confirm the antibacterial efficacy of root extracts of the folklore medicinal plant species, Acalypha fruticosa by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri,Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae for assessing the antibacterial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the methanol extract exhibited higher inhibition zone (21.83 mm) against the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. This result supports the therapeutic importance of the species, Acalypha fruticosa in curing infectious diseases and encourages the extensive use of this species in health carepractices.

scholarly journals Comparison extraction methods for evaluating antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Vernonia amygdalina leaves extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Muharni Muharni ◽  
Elfita Elfita ◽  
Heni Yohandini ◽  
Chika Valenta
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Flavonoid Content

In this study, we were interested in comparing the influence of different extraction methods on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of <em>V.amygdalina</em> leaves extracts. The extracts were also analyzed for their total phenolic and flavonoid content.  The extraction methods used maceration, soxhlet, and fractionation, the evaluation of antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The total phenolic and flavonoids are determined by the spectrophotometric method.  Ethanol extract by fractionating on this method showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to other extracts with IC<sub>50 </sub>170 μg/mL in category potent antioxidant with total phenolic content 28.83 ± 2.62 mg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid content 18.78 ± 0.15 mg QE/g. Evaluation of antibacterial properties the extracts of <em>V. amyigdalina</em> showed moderate antibacterial activity against all bacteria tests with inhibition zone  6.1 ± 0.1 to  9.4 ± 0.9 mm at variation concentration 62.5 – 1000 μg/mL. The fractionation method using ethanol solvent is the best for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from <em>V. amygdalina</em>.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Vera Gel-based Edible Coating with the addition of Gum Arabic and Ascorbic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ni Made Defy Janurianti ◽  
I Made Supartha Utama ◽  
Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel

Aloe vera gel has antibacterial properties. The content of antibacterial compounds in aloe vera gel is saponins, anthraquinones, tannins, aloin, and acemannan. Aloe vera gel has the potential as an edible coating for food products. The Processing carried out goes through a heating process that does think to damage the antibacterial compounds in the aloe vera gel. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of aloe vera gel formulated as an edible coating on S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria. The research method used is the disc diffusion method. Based on the test results, pure aloe vera gel has a larger inhibition zone diameter than aloe vera gel processed into an edible coating. Diameter of pure aloe vera gel inhibition zone in S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae bacteria. respectively 10.966 ± 0.573 mm; 11.806 ± 0.215 mm; 10,860 ± 0.675 mm, and 10.686 ± 0.081 mm. Aloe vera gel formulated into an edible coating with antibacterial ability, namely at a concentration of 100%, which has anti activity with the inhibition zone's diameter in S. aureus, S. mutans E. coli, and K. pneumoniae bacteria, respectively. is 10,470 ± 0.213 mm; 10,673 ± 0.127 mm; 10,113 ± 0.040 mm, and 9.676 ± 0.604 mm.

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