Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda

Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.

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Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of Herniaria hirsuta from Morocco

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2018/7470384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenza Ammor ◽

Dalila Bousta ◽

Sanae Jennan ◽

Bahia Bennani ◽

Abdellah Chaqroune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. Flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins content were performed for both extracts. It shows higher content in the hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant activity for the three methods studies to the aqueous extract, but nonsignificant results compared to the reference (BHT). However, both extracts have negative effect on the strains studies for the antibacterial activity.

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In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

Vol. 5, No. 1 - International Journal of Zoological Investigations ◽

10.33745/ijzi.2021.v07i01.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sangeetha B ◽

Indra V ◽

Abdul Rahim M ◽

Venkadachalam E

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Scylla Serrata ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Crab Shell ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

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Investigation of antibacterial activity of cinnamyl derivatives of arylpiperazine

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1201015n ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irena Novakovic ◽

Jelena Penjisevic ◽

V. Sukalovic ◽

Deana Andric ◽

G. Roglic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Clostridium Sporogenes ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Derivatives Of

The derivatives of cinnamic acid and N-arylpiperazine show antibacterial activity. In this work the potential synergistic effect of cinnamyl derivatives of arylpiperazine in selected bacteria was investigated. The antibacterial activities of the derivatives were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptosporangium longisporum, Sarcina lutea, Micrococcus flavus, Clostridium sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Proteus vulgaris by the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the selected bacteria was determined for all compounds that showed activity in the disc diffusion method. The majority of the investigated compounds displayed in vitro antibacterial activity. The effect of the type and structure of the substituent on the aromatic ring on the antibacterial activity is discussed. It was found that two derivatives expressed activity toward S. longisporum and P. aeruginosa that was almost as strong as that of amikacin.

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Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial studies of Lannea egregia Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) extracts and chromatographic fractions

Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics ◽

10.4314/jopat.v19i1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 348-363

Author(s):

Philip A. Idowu ◽

Loveth C. Ekemezie ◽

Charles O. Olaiya

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Different Parts

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant. Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

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Bioactivities of Water Extract and Essential Oil from the Mace of Myristica fragrans Houtt

YARSI Medical Journal ◽

10.33476/jky.v26i2.584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 099

Author(s):

Adit Widodo Santoso ◽

Adelina Simamora ◽

Kris Herawan Timotius ◽

Kris Herawan Timotius

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Myristica Fragrans

Myristica fragrans Houtt (nutmeg) is used as a spice and flavour for food and beverages. It has been traditionally used to treat a number of medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus. The study was undertaken to scientifically validate the traditional use of mace from M. Fragrans. The objectives of this study were to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water extract (WE) and essential oil (EO) from M. fragrans mace. Both WE and EO were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro and their antioxidant activities based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Standard compounds were used for every test. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of both extracts were also determined. The extracts were also tested for their antibacterial activities against six different bacteria by a well diffusion method. Both extracts showed inhibition activities against α-glucosidase, with WE showed stronger activity than EO (IC50 = 1.86 and 8.15 mg/ml). Good radical scavenging activities were observed for both extracts, with WE showed stronger activity than EO (IC50 = 1.51 and 4.59 mg/ml). WE showed higher content in phenolic than EO (47.84 and 37.21 mg GAE/100 g DW). Flavonoid content in WE was also higher than EO (215.36 and 30.12 mg RE/ml). Based on the well diffusion method, only EO exhibited antibacterial activities, with inhibition zone in the range 1.03 – 1.30 mm. The strongest activity was observed against Staphylococcus mutans. The results indicate WE and EO can be exploited further for pharmacological uses, in particular for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.

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EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITY OF JAGGERY PREPARED USING PLANT MUCILAGE AS CLARIFICANT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.22764 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Harish Nayaka Ma ◽

Lava Chikkappaiah ◽

Venkatesh Ks ◽

Gunashree Bs ◽

Sudharshan S

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Death Time ◽

Reducing Power Assay

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare the jaggery using plant mucilage as clarificants and to evaluate the bioactivity of jaggery by determining total phenols, total flavonoids, reducing power, antibacterial activity, and antihelmintic activity.Methods: Jaggery was prepared from sugarcane variety Co-80632 using five plant mucilage as clarificants, namely Aloe vera, flax seeds, fenugreek, purslane, and malabar spinach at three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of raw sugarcane juice. The characteristic bioactivities such as total phenol content by Folin–Ciocalteu method, flavonoids content by spectrophotometer method, reducing power assay by measuring the absorbance at 700 nm, antibacterial activity by well-diffusion method, and antihelmintic activity by in vitro were determined.Results: The highest total phenolic content was observed in jaggery prepared using plant mucilage clarificant of A. vera (JAV4 [3.68±0.02]) and Fenugreek seeds (JFG4 [3.61±0.02]) at 0.4% followed by them at 0.2% and 0.1% concentration, respectively. Similarly, a significant amount of total flavonoids content was elevated only in 0.4% plant mucilage clarificants of Aloe vera-treated experimental group jaggery (0.73±0.01) compared to control (0.61±0.02). Further, the antioxidant activity of jaggery was evaluated by reducing power. The increased absorbance at 700 nm indicated the presence of reducing power. At 10 mg/ml concentration, an absorbance unit of 1.93 and 1.80 was observed for jaggery prepared using 0.4% concentration of A. vera and fenugreek seed mucilage clarificants. Antihelmintic activity of jaggery showed dosage depended on the pattern where with the increase in the concentration of mucilage, the antihelmintic activity enhanced. A. vera mucilage showed maximum antihelmintic activity at 0.4% concentration with paralytic time (28.6 min) and death time (39.6 min).Conclusion: Jaggery prepared using plants mucilaginous clarificants is the richest source of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, thereby contributed to the enhancement of bioactivity such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity. Thus, jaggery prepared using plant mucilage as clarificants is a novel nutraceutical product which can supplement the nutrients along with various medicinal properties through antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity.

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IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDPOD AND QUERCETIN OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28915 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Ruvanthika Pn ◽

Manikandan S

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Nelumbo Nucifera ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

E Coli ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

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LC-ESI-MS/MS Phenolic Profile of Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Extracts and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/9814537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Hichem Ben Salah ◽

Slim Smaoui ◽

Raed Abdennabi ◽

Noureddine Allouche

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Esi Ms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass., an indigenous perennial herb from the Tunisian flora, belongs to the medicinally important genus Volutaria Cass. (Asteraceae) which comprises eighteen species widely distributed in the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean Basin. In this study, five different extracts from Tunisian Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions have the highest levels in phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed remarkable antioxidant activities using DPPH (IC50= 11.50±0.57 and 28.81±1.35μg/mL, respectively), total antioxidant capacity (105.21±0.01 and 98.77±0.02 mg vitamin E/g extract, respectively), and reducing power (EC50= 55.40±2.00 and 66.65±1.40 μg/mL, respectively) methods. Furthermore, they exhibited noticeable antiacetylcholinesterase and antidiabetic activities and a moderate antibacterial effect when compared to that of standards. Principal component analysis allowed highlighting the ethyl acetate extract for its interesting acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and alpha-amylase activities and the aqueous fraction for its remarkably antibacterial activity, and their richness in phytochemical content. Interestingly, the LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of both fractions allowed the identification of ten phenolic acids and eight flavonoids. The 3-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids constituted the most abundant components in the two fractions. Taken together, these findings demonstrated, for the first time, that Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. is a potential source of biological active compounds which could be used in a wide range of fields, namely, nutrition and complementary pharmacological drug.

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Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antibacterial Effect of the Aerial Part Extracts of Thymus pallidus Coss

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666181206130753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 607-615

Author(s):

Abderrahim Benslama ◽

Sabah Boumerfeg ◽

Sana Aouachria ◽

Thoraya Guemmaz ◽

Lekhmici Arrar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic

Background: The Algerian medicinal plant Thymus pallidus Coss. is traditionally known to be used as an anti-infective, expectorant, healer of wounds and against inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidants and the antibacterial activities of the aerial part extracts of this plant. Methods: Polyphenols extraction was performed with methanol 85%, followed by preliminary fractionation based on the polarity of the solvent. The extraction and fractionation process gave the crude extract (CrE), chloroform extract (ChE), ethyl acetate extract (EtAE) and aqueous extract (AqE). The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated using in vitro assays. While the antimicrobial activity was determined using disk diffusion method. Results: Quantitative analysis of polyphenol and flavonoids showed that EtAE includes the highest amount (P≤0.001) with 495.12±1.91 μg GAE/mg of extract and 97.25±2.84 μg QE/mg of extract, for both polyphenols and flavonoids respectively. The results of the antioxidant activity of extracts showed that the EtAE exhibited the highest inhibition activity on XO (IC50 =51.6±0.2 μg/ml) compared to other extracts (P≤0.001). Moreover, the EtAE was the most effective fraction in free radical scavenging assay against ABTS radical and hydrogen peroxide (EC50= 3.21±0.03 μg/ml and EC50 =12.12±0.05 μg/ml, respectively) compared to other extracts (P≤0.01). Using β-carotene/ linoleic acid bleaching assay, the AqE and ChE recorded a considerable inhibition effect on linoleic acid oxidation with a ratio of 81.81% and 80.86%, respectively. In the antimicrobial activity evaluation, the extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strain, with inhibition zone ranging from 07 to 14 mm. In addition, the EtAE showed a good action spectrum against six bacterial strains. In conclusion, the EtAE of Thymus pallidus showed good antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed the presence of a strong correlation between the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extract and its total phenolic content. Furthermore, they reported that the EtAE has a considerable antioxidant capacity. This can be considered as an alternative natural source of antioxidants used generally as additives in food and pharmaceutical preparation.

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Eleucine indicaPossesses Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep091 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Adel S. Al-Zubairi ◽

Ahmad Bustamam Abdul ◽

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ◽

Chew Yuan Peng ◽

Syam Mohan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Human Cancer Cell Lines

The use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly.Eleucine indica(EI) is traditionally used in ailments associated with liver and kidneys. The therapeutic benefit of the medicinal plants is often attributed to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the hexane, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol extracts (MeTH) of EI for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects using total phenolic contents (TPCs) and DPPH, disc diffusion method and MTT cytotoxicity assays, respectively. The MeTH was showed to have the highest TPC and scavenging activity (77.7%) on DPPH assay, followed by EA (64.5%), hexane (47.19%) and DCM (40.83%) extracts, whereas the MeTH showed no inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria strains. However, the EA extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria exceptBacillus subtilis, in which this bacterium was found to be resistant to all EI extracts. Meanwhile, hexane extract was demonstrated to have a remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andPseudomonas aeruginosa, while the dicholoromethane extract did not exhibit significant activity againstP. aeruginosa. None of the extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7, HT-29 and CEM-SS human cancer cell lines after 72 h incubation time (IC50> 30 μg/ml). These results demonstrate that the extract prepared from the EI possesses antioxidant activityin vitroin addition to antibacterial properties. Further investigations are needed to verify the antioxidant effectsin vitroandin vivo.

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