Composition and antioxidant properties of extracts from Douglas fir bark

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Joana Ferreira ◽  
Sofia Cardoso ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant ability and the chemical composition of apolar and polar extractives from Douglas-fir bark, cork and phloem, establishing a possible correlation with the structural variation along the tree stem and geographic location. Douglas-fir bark extractives’ composition were analyzed at three stem heights in trees from two locations. Cork and phloem extracts’ composition were analyzed in samples collected at stem base. Extractives content in Douglas-fir bark varied between 14 and 31% and polar extractives (11–29%) were dominant over non-polar. Lipophilic extracts were mainly composed of terpenoids, representing 27–77% of all compounds, highlighted by callitrisic acid (11–34%). Sterols were also abundant (6–45%), with β-sitosterol representing 7–33% of all compounds. Alkanoic acids were present in smaller amounts. Ethanol–water extracts showed high phenolic (562–762 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoid and condensed tannins contents (399–683 mg CE/g extract and 120–262 mg CE/g of extract), high scavenging (IC50 2.8 µg extract/mL) and reducing (12 mM Fe2+/g extract) abilities. Cork had high phenolic (819 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (524 mg CE/g extract) and high antioxidant capacity (1080 mg TEAC/g extract). Detailed knowledge of Douglas-fir extracts demonstrates their potential as a source of fine chemicals towards different applications.

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Priyanshu Bhargava ◽  
Debajit Mahanta ◽  
Ashish Kaul ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ishida ◽  
Keiji Terao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
Brazilian Propolis ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

Propolis is produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It is a resinous material having mixtures of wax and bee enzymes. Propolis is also known as bee glue and used by bees as a building material in their hives, for blocking holes and cracks, repairing the combs and strengthening their thin borders. It has been extensively used since ancient times for different purposes in traditional human healthcare practices. The quality and composition of propolis depend on its geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The New Zealand and Brazilian green propolis are the two main kinds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their bioactive components have been found to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials. It was found that Brazilian green propolis improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairments in patients living at high altitude and protects them from neurodegenerative damage through its antioxidant properties. It possesses artepillin C (ARC) as the key component, also known to possess anticancer potential. The New Zealand propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as the main bioactive with multiple therapeutic potentials. Our lab performed in vitro and in vivo assays on the extracts prepared from New Zealand and Brazilian propolis and their active ingredients. We provided experimental evidence that these extracts possess anticancer, antistress and hypoxia-modulating activities. Furthermore, their conjugation with γCD proved to be more effective. In the present review, we portray the experimental evidence showing that propolis has the potential to be a candidate drug for different ailments and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals A study on Antioxidant Properties of Different Extracts from Kitaibelia balansae

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Zengin ◽  
Aygun ◽  
Aktumsek
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Nowadays, knowledge of ancient botanical medicinal practices and application of modern phytochemical techniques have provided the excellent tools for the purification and structural elucidation of various phyto-compounds, which, in turn, has given insights into their mode of action on the human body. This study has been designed to investigate for the first time the antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate, methanolic, and water extracts of Kitaibelia balansae. Different chemical methods were performed and the observed abilities depend on the solvent used. The best antioxidant ability was noted in water extract, followed by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The highest level of phenolic was also detected in water extract. The present findings suggest that K. balansae can be considered as a potential source of bioactive compounds for novel phytopharmaceuticals development

scholarly journals Hydrolyzable vs. Condensed Wood Tannins for Bio-based Antioxidant Coatings: Superior Properties of Quebracho Tannins

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Federica Moccia ◽  
Alessandra Piscitelli ◽  
Samuele Giovando ◽  
Paola Giardina ◽  
Lucia Panzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Coating Efficiency ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Subject

Tannins have always been the subject of great interest for their countless properties, first of all their ability to produce functional coatings on a variety of materials. We report herein a comparative evaluation of the antioxidant properties of wood tannin-based coated substrates. In particular, nylon membrane filters were functionalized with chestnut (hydrolyzable) or quebracho (condensed) tannins by dip coating under different conditions. The efficiency of functionalization was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, which invariably highlighted the superior ability of condensed tannins to induce the formation of a functional and robust coating. The results of the antioxidant assays revealed also the deleterious effects of aerial or enzymatic oxidation conditions on substrate functionalization, being more significant in the case of hydrolyzable tannins. On the other hand, the use of oxidizing conditions allowed to obtain more stable coatings, still exhibiting good antioxidant properties, in the case of condensed tannins. The presence of iron ions did not lead to a significant improvement of the coating efficiency for either tannins. The systematic approach used in this work provides novel and useful information for the optimal exploitation of tannins in antioxidant functional coatings.

Glyceryl-Acyl and Aryl-Acyl Dimers in Pseudotsuga menziesii Bark Suberin

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Graça ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Aliphatic Acid ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Primary Hydroxyl ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Main Component

Summary The cork from the outer bark of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) was exhaustively extracted and submitted to a mild CaO-catalyzed methanolic depolymerization. The solubilized material (2.5 % yield) was derivatized and analysed with GC-MS. Glycerol was the main component (41.2%), followed by aliphatic acid monomers (30.6%) and glyceryl and feruloyl dimers (14.5%). Monoacylglyceryl esters of α,ω-diacids were dominant (68% of glyceryl dimers), followed by monoacylglyceryl esters of alkanoic acids and of ω-hydroxyacids (respectively 20% and 9%). For all cases 1- and 2-monoacyl-glyceryl esters were present. Dimers of ω-hydroxyacids esterified to ferulic acid through their primary hydroxyl were also found. The feruloyl ester of docosanol could also be identified. The relative abundance of the dimers followed the proportion of acid monomers. The direct evidence found here for P. menziesii, and previously for Q. suber, that glycerol is esterified to all suberinic acids and that ω-hydroxyacids are esterified to ferulic acid supported the discussion of a suberin structure developing on glyceryl-diacyl-glyceryl and glyceryl-hydroxyacyl-feruloyl backbones.

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties and phytochemicals of three brown macro algae from the Dardanelles (Çanakkale) Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
A.K. Ilknur ◽  
G. Turker
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Cystoseira Barbata ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Maximum Content

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine antioxidant properties and phytochemicals of brown algae Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link, Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, and Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy, collected from the Dardanelles (Çanakkale) Strait, Turkey, in February 2018. The antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, condensed tannins, and total content of phenolics and flavonoids in ethanol extracts were quantified. P. pavonica showed the highest antioxidant potential as well as the maximum content of phenolics and carotenoids. The total flavonoid contents changed from 1375.43±2.37 µg/g Ext. (C. barbata) to 2250.92±46.60 µg/g Ext. (S. lomentaria). The highest condensed tannins were found in C. barbata. According to results obtained, C. barbata, S. lomentaria and P. pavonica possess antioxidant activity and could be used in the food and feed industries.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds of seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their total antioxidant activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
a. Troszyńska ◽  
e. Ciska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Seed Coats

The purpose of this study was to compare the composition and contents of phenolic acids and condensed tannin in the seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea and to examine the antioxidant properties of methanol and acetone extracts containing these phenolic compounds. The contents of phenolic acids were quantified by the HPLC analysis. The sum of free phenolic acids, those liberated from soluble esters and those liberated from soluble glycosides, was higher for coloured seed coat (78.53 g per g dry matter) than for the white seed coat (17.17 g/g dry matter). Protocatechuic, gentisic and vanillic acids were found dominant in the coloured seed coat, while ferulic and coumaric acids in the white seed coat. The content of condensed tannins was 1560 mg of catechin equivalent/100 g of coloured seed coat as determined by a vanillin assay. No condensed tannins were detected in the white seed coat. The antioxidant activity of extracts was measured by the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine to hydroxyperoxidephosphatidyl choline in the liposome system. Strong antioxidant properties were observed in a crude tannin extract from the coloured seed coat. These properties were slightly changed after the seed coat was cooked in water for 30, 60 and 90 min.  

scholarly journals Effect of Constituent Units, Type of Interflavan Bond, and Conformation on the Antioxidant Properties of Procyanidin Dimers: A Computational Outlook

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Mendoza-Wilson ◽  
René Renato Balandrán-Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Fukui Indices ◽  
Homo Lumo

Procyanidin (PC) dimers are powerful antioxidants, abundant in plant tissues, and also bioavailable. However, the role of the molecular structure of PCs on their antioxidant properties is still a controversial and not fully understood issue that needs to be addressed in a more specific way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the constituent units, type of interflavan bond, and conformation on the antioxidant properties of PC dimers including PB3, PB4, PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8, using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. The analysis was performed in function of parameters that allow determining the ability of the molecules to transfer or to capture electrons, among which the chemical potential, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), gap energy, Fukui indices, and charge distribution of HOMO-LUMO orbitals. The factors that showed the most notable effects on the antioxidant properties of the PC dimers were the type of interflavan bond and the conformation. The antioxidant ability of the dimers PB3 and PB4 containing the interflavan bond C4–C8, in their Compact conformation, was very similar to each other but greater than those of dimers PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8 containing the C4–C6 interflavan bond. PB8 showed the lowest antioxidant ability.

Fine structure of latent infections by Rhabdocline parkeri on Douglas-fir, with observations on uninfected epidermal cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Direct Penetration ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Intracellular Infections ◽  
Needle Senescence

Rhabdocline parkeri Sherwood-Pike, Stone, & Carroll, an endophyte of Douglas-fir, infects healthy foliage by direct penetration of the host epidermal cell wall. Penetration is accomplished by a very fine penetration hypha. Intracellular infections are established in a single epidermal cell and result in the death of the cell. Haustoria lacking neckbands are produced from the intracellular hyphae at the onset of needle senescence. The intracellular hyphae contain large quantities of stored lipid and numerous mitochondria and peroxisomes. Although not growing, the hyphae appear to be metabolically active. Douglas-fir epidermal cells are alive at maturity and contain rudimentary chloroplasts. Small quantities of lipids and starch are present in the healthy epidermal cells. The large central vacuole of the epidermal cells contains primarily condensed tannins and tannin precursors.

scholarly journals Seasonal, gender and regional variations in total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents and in antioxidant properties from Pistacia atlantica ssp. leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyad Ben Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Yousfi ◽  
Johan Viaene ◽  
Bieke Dejaegher ◽  
Kristiaan Demeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential of Propolis, Bee Pollen, and Royal Jelly: Possible Medical Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kocot ◽  
Małgorzata Kiełczykowska ◽  
Dorota Luchowska-Kocot ◽  
Jacek Kurzepa ◽  
Irena Musik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Health Promoting

Honeybees products comprise of numerous substances, including propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly, which have long been known for their medicinal and health-promoting properties. Their wide biological effects have been known and used since antiquity. Bee products are considered to be a potential source of natural antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, or terpenoids. Nowadays, the still growing concern in natural substances capable of counteracting the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as negative effects of different harmful factors and drugs, is being observed. Having regarded the importance of acquiring drugs from natural sources, this review is aimed at updating the current state of knowledge of antioxidant capacity of selected bee products, namely, propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly, and of their potential antioxidant-related therapeutic applications. Moreover, the particular attention has been attributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying antioxidant properties of bee products. The influence of bee species, plant origin, geographic location, and seasonality as well as type of extraction solutions on the composition of bee products extracts were also discussed.

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