Increase in cardioprotective SUR2A does not alter heart rate and heart rate regulation by physical activity and diurnal rhythm

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Sudhir ◽  
Nadim Jaafar ◽  
Qingyou Du ◽  
Andriy Sukhodub ◽  
Sofija Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Abc Protein ◽  
Heart Rate Regulation

Abstract SUR2A is an ABC protein serving as a regulatory subunit of ATP-sensitive (KATP) channels. An increase in SUR2A levels is cardioprotective and it is a potential therapeutic strategy against ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and other diseases. However, whether overexpression of this protein has any adverse effects is yet to be fully understood. Objectives Here, we examined the heart rate and the heart rate diurnal variation in mice overexpressing SUR2A (SUR2A+) and their littermate controls (WT) using ECG telemetry that was continuously recorded for 14 days (days 8–23 post-radiotransmitter implantation). Methods Using SigmaPlot 14.0 and Microsoft Excel, Area Under the Curve (AUC) for each parameter was calculated and plotted in a graph. Results Both WT and SUR2A+ mice were more physically active during nights and there were no significant differences between two phenotypes. Physical activity was associated with increased heart rate in both phenotypes, but there were no differences in heart rate between phenotypes irrespective of physical activity or time of the day. A diurnal heart rate variation was preserved in the SUR2A+ mice. As area under the curve (AUC) analysis has the potential to reveal differences that are invisible with other statistical methods, we compared AUC of heart rate in SUR2A+ and WT mice. This analysis did not yield anything different from traditional analysis. Conclusions We conclude that increased SUR2A levels are not associated with changes in physical activity, heart rate and/or circadian rhythm influence on the heart rate. This lack of adverse effects supports a notion that manipulation with SUR2A levels is a promising cardioprotective strategy.

Children’s Heart Rates during Physical Education Lessons: A Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Physically Active

Physical educators have purported to teach children to be physically active and to promote their fitness. To achieve these goals, children should regularly experience moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during physical education lessons. For the purposes of this review, moderate physical activity is that which elicits a heart rate of 50% of maximum heart rate reserve (MHRR), moderate-to-vigorous activity elicits 60% of MHRR, and vigorous activity elicits 75% of MHRR. Duration criteria were set at 50% of lesson time or 20 min. The majority of lessons described in previous reports failed to achieve these criteria, although problems were noted in method and analyses of data. Lessons with physical activity as a direct goal have been successful in increasing MVPA. A greater focus on physical activity is required in the planning and delivery of physical education lessons if the physical activity and fitness goals of the physical education curriculum are to be met.

scholarly journals Validation and extension of a simple questionnaire to assess physical activity in pre-school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Bayer ◽  
Marc Jarczok ◽  
Joachim Fischer ◽  
Rüdiger von Kries ◽  
Freia De Bock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) validate a recently proposed questionnaire tool for the simple assessment of physical activity (PA) in pre-school children by comparison with accelerometry and heart-rate recordings; and (ii) extend the tool by adding more questions to improve validity and to refine the classification from two to three categories (PA low, medium, high).SettingBaseline data of an intervention evaluation study.SubjectsPre-school children.DesignChildren were categorized as either physically active or non-active, based on their parents’ answers to the five-item questionnaire. Activity and heart rate were recorded for 6 d (Actiheart device; CamNtech, Cambridge, UK). Nightly sleeping periods were removed and mean accelerometry counts (MACT), time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB) were computed. In a second step, additional questions that improved validity were added, resulting in an extended seven-item questionnaire.ResultsFor 748 (90·4 %) of the participating children aged 2·3–6·7 years, the questionnaires were filled out sufficiently for classification. Children classified as physically active showed 9·6 % higher MACT (P < 0·0003), spent more time in MVPA and insignificantly less time in SB. Using the extended questionnaire, children with PA classified as medium (reference: low) showed 11·0 % more MACT, spent 11·8 % more time in MVPA and 4·8 % less time in SB. Children with PA classified as high showed 16·9 % more MACT, spent 20·2 % more time in MVPA and 7·2 % less time in SB.ConclusionsWith validated PA questionnaires for pre-school children lacking, the proposed questionnaire might be a reasonable option to include for PA assessment in epidemiological studies where more elaborate measurements are unavailable.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body Mass Index on Physical Activity and Cardiac Workload

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Jane Bloom ◽  
Lakin Mckenzie Brown ◽  
Scarlet Rae Jost ◽  
Andrew Stuart Ian Donald Lang ◽  
Nancy Viola Mankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundHaving an abnormal body mass index (BMI) adversely affects cardiac workload and level of physical activity.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between cardiac workload, physical activity, Sex, and BMI.MethodsThe number of steps taken per day (Steps) and minutes per week spent in targeted heart rate zones were collected from primarily first and second year university students (n = 1,801; 62% female) over a standard, 15-week long semester. Other data collected included BMI, Sex, Age, and Class Standing. Sex differences in BMI, Steps, and training heart rate zone (heart rates above 50% of max) minutes (THR) were evaluated, correlations between the study parameters were analyzed, and one-way ANOVA was used to test between competing models. The values p < .05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsStatistically significant (p < .05) differences between males and females were found for Steps, THR, and BMI. Males were more physically active but spent 18% less time with heart rates above 50% of max. Students who had abnormal BMI values, both low and high, experienced greater cardiac workload (p < .05), even though they were found to be less physically active (p < .05).ConclusionOur study revealed that university students with abnormal BMI values experienced greater cardiac workload, even though they are less physically active. Thus, physical fitness and healthy lifestyle interventions should also include underweight students in addition to students who are overweight or obese.

scholarly journals ORTHOSTATIC STABILITY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND ITS REGULATION IN GIRLS WITH DIFFERENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
A Sabiryanov ◽  
E Sabiryanova ◽  
A Bragin ◽  
Ju Petrova ◽  
S Sashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Rate Regulation ◽  
Heart Rate Regulation ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Aim. The article deals with studying the orthostatic stability of cardiac chronotropic function, arterial pressure, and heart rate regulation in girls aged 11–13 with different physical acti­vity levels. Materials and methods. We formed two groups: the first group consisted of girls with a relatively low level of physical activity; the second group included girls involved in track-and-field (middle-distance running). The parameters of the circulatory system were registered in the supine position and during active orthostasis with the help of Kentavr II PC. The analysis  of slow wave heart rate variability was performed by using the Biospectrum program. Results. Regardless of physical activity levels in the girls of this age group, the transition to active orthostasis is accompanied by the hypertonic reaction of arterial pressure. In girls with a low phy­sical activity level, there is a pronounced lability of heart rate regulation with the predominance of neurovisceral effect at rest (high general PC variability, LF and HF power) with the mechanisms of orthostatic stability based on the decreased parasympathetic effects on the circulatory system. In girls involved in track-and-field, there is a predominance of the sympathetic nervous system (high LF) at rest with a higher humoral and metabolic effects on heart rate which provide the orthostatic stability of the circulatory system. Conclusion. Despite the absence of significant differences in the parameters of the circulatory system in girls aged 10–13 with different physical activity levels, we registered the peculiarities of heart rate regulation at rest and in orthostasis.

scholarly journals PECULIARITY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT INTENSITY OF PHYSICAL LOAD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Muzhichenko ◽  
A.G. Gubasheva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Heart Rate Variation ◽  
Student Body ◽  
High Level

We studied the heart rate variability among students of the direction “Physical culture and life safety” with a high level of physical activity and students of the department of biology with a lower level of physical activity. It was revealed that higher physical activity of students provides a favorable level of heart rate variation, a type of regulation of the cardiovascular system, and increases the reserve capacities of the student body.

Comparison of cardiovascular responses among physically active and sedentary students: A protocol for Quasi-experimental study of submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer in the Sahel region of Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ayi Ayi Ewah ◽  
Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi ◽  
Saturday N Oghumu ◽  
Mary Ogaga ◽  
Lucy Inyang Edet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sahel Region

Abstract BackgroundThe rate at which the heart rate and blood pressure drop following a stimulus such as exercise or physical stress is a powerful and independent marker for determining the rate mortality from a cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study will be to determine the heart rate and blood pressure drops of physically active and sedentary student following a sub-maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer.ResultsThis quasi-experimental study will conveniently sample a total of 102 (Physically active n=51 & sedentary n=51) subjects of age 18-35. The study site shall be the physiotherapy gymnasium at the University of Maiduguri Teaching hospital. The level of physical activity will be measured using International Physical Activity questionnaire. Anthropometric variable such as height and weight will be assessed. Borge scale will be used to determine the Rate of Perceived Exertion. Data analysis will be done using SPSS version 20. Student –t-test, Analysis of Co-variance and descriptive statistic will be used to analyzed collected data at p<0.05. The heart rate and blood pressure at rest, peak intensity and post-exercise will be determined using a digital electronic device. The difference between the peak/resting heart rate and blood pressure will be recorded as rate of drops. Measurement will also be carried out at 1, 2-minutes after the first measurement up to 5 minutes after removing exercise stimulus.ConclusionHeart rate and blood pressure recovery are a useful clinical tool for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Drops in heart rate less than 12 beat per minutes put a person at risk of developing a heart attack. It is not known whether the drops in heart rate of student in the Sahel region of Nigeria will be normal or abnormal. Since there are little studies on the recovery heart rate and blood pressure after removing a stimulus such as exercise. There is a need for more studies to help bridge the gap in literatures.

scholarly journals MUSCLE OXYGENATION DURING EXERCISE IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND OVERWEIGHT 6–19-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (107) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Vaida Šidlauskaitė ◽  
Birutė Zacharienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Walking Exercise

Background. The purpose of our study was to compare muscle oxygenation during walking exercise in physically active, non-physically active normal weight and overweight 6–19- year-old children. Methods. Twenty four normal weight, physically non-active (NPA), 27 normal weight physically active (PA) and 17 overweight (OW) 6–19-year-old children participated in this study. Muscle oxygenation was recorded by near infrared spectroscopy during constant (6 min, 6 km/h, 4% grade) and increasing walking exercise (modified Balke test). Heart rate was recorded using Polar system. Results. Overweight children of all age groups demonstrated slower time constant of muscle oxygenation during constant walking exercise (37.2 ± 3 (6–10-year-old); 29.7 ± 2 (11–15-yr old), 33.4 ± 5.1 (16–19-year-old)) and lower threshold of oxygenation (TO) (84.3 ± 10.1, 104.5 ± 17.1, 188.5 ± 69.4 respectively) during increasing walking exercise as compared NPA (111.8 ± 13.7, 124.4 ± 29.8, 192.6 ± 84 respectively) and PA (106.2 ± 35.2; 122 ± 13.3; 340.8 ± 44.2 respectively) peers. The time constant of Deoxy-Hb during constant walking exercise was the shortest in PA (16.7 ± 2.3, 16.9 ± 2, 15.5 ± 4.7 respectively) in all age groups. The TO was higher in PA as compared to NW only in 16–19 years of age. Conclusion. Muscle oxygenation during constant or increasing exercise is dependent on both body weight and physical activity status in 6–19-year-old children.

Physical Activity in Aging Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Rezarta Stena ◽  
Klara Hysenaj ◽  
Mitilda Gugu Karoli ◽  
Armelda Teta ◽  
Gjergji Doka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Trunk Flexibility

It is known that worldwide populations are aging, and also that physical activity can play an important role in minimizing impairments characteristic of old age. Adopting a more active lifestyle and doing regular physical activity, including aerobic and resistance exercises, daily walking etc. have been demonstrated to improve cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal parameters in older adults. We assessed a potential participant from Elbasan (Albania), 67 years, for eligibility to participate in a 5 month training program. The subject gave written informed consent before inclusion.The following parameters were measured at the beginning (baseline) and end of the training period: BMI, body fat percentage, hand grip strength, lower/upper limb and trunk flexibility and range of motion, heart rate, balance, pain intensity, as well as VO2 max, directly and/or an estimate using the Rockport fitness test estimate. An initial evaluation was carried out just before starting the training (baseline). A second evaluation was made 5 months after starting the program of physical exercise (post training). Each evaluation included the recording of health related events, such as any changes in previous symptoms, as well as measurements of balance, flexibility, body composition, coordination, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, to detect any changes that might have been induced specifically by physical activity. The subject’s attendance and participation in the program was also recorded. Range of motion for each part evaluated (trunk, hip, cervical region and shoulder) is improved about 15-20° degree. BMI, hand grip strength, lower/upper limb and trunk flexibility, heart rate, balance, pain intensity, VO2 max are also improved after training program. Following a training program or a regular physical activity in older adults minimise impairments characteristics in this age and cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal parameters. According to the low importance shown in my country for the physical activity in older adults, I want to emphasize the importance of state structures involvement and the sensibilization of this group of age to stimulate an actively participation in physical training programs followed by professionals for bests life parameters. A higher investment for this age group, building as many facilities as possible for activation and spending quality free time, hiring more physiotherapists in nursing homes will increase life motivation and improve the quality and the parameters of living.

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