Epigenetic study of global gene methylation in PON1, XRCC1 and GSTs different genotypes in rural and urban pesticide exposed workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Saad-Hussein ◽  
Mona Mohamed Taha
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic represents a study of occurred heritable gene expression changes without changing in the DNA sequence. It includes DNA methylation and miRNA expression that attract increasing attention as potential links between the genetic and environmental determinants of health and disease. Pesticide exposure is associated with adverse health effects and DNA methylation due to oxidative stress induced following its exposure. This study aimed to define the association of genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1, PON1, GSTP1 and GST genes with global genes DNA methylation in urban and rural occupationally pesticides exposed workers.MethodsThis study included 100 pesticides exposed workers; 50 rural sprayers (RE) and 50 urban researchers (UE). Controls included equal numbers. DNA methylation of global genes was evaluated by pyrosequencing assay. XRCC1, PON1 and GSTP1 genotyping were assessed by PCR–RFLP, and GST M1 and T1 were performed by PCR.ResultsThe results of this study revealed that most genotypes in XRCC1, PON1, GSTP1 and GST genes were associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation among UE group. However, heterozygote genotypes (Gln-Arg and Ile-Val) in XRCC1 and GSTP1 genes, respectively, were associated with LINE-1 hypermethylation among UE compared with other corresponding genotypes. Only GSTT1 polymorphism recorded a significant change in percent methylation of Alu elements among urban and rural groups.ConclusionUrbanization could play an additional risk for epigenetic changes associated with pesticide exposure, and that could be attributed to the quality of life including their dietary habits, working and living in closed areas, and their exposure to extra pollutions emitted from urbanization sources.

Epigenetics, Nutrition, Disease and Drug Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Drug

Epigenetic mechanisms comprising of DNA methylation, histone modifications and gene silencing by RNA interference have been strongly linked to the development and progression of various diseases. These findings have triggered research on epigenetic functions and signal pathways as targets for novel drug discovery. Dietary intake has also presented significant influence on human health and disease development and nutritional modifications have proven important in prevention, but also the treatment of disease. Moreover, a strong link between nutrition and epigenetic changes has been established. Therefore, in attempts to develop novel safer and more efficacious drugs, both nutritional requirements and epigenetic mechanisms need to be addressed.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Profiles of Tph1A and BDNF in Gut and Brain of L. Rhamnosus-Treated Zebrafish

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Mariella Cuomo ◽  
Luca Borrelli ◽  
Rosa Della Monica ◽  
Lorena Coretti ◽  
Giulia De Riso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
High Resolution Power ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

The bidirectional microbiota–gut–brain axis has raised increasing interest over the past years in the context of health and disease, but there is a lack of information on molecular mechanisms underlying this connection. We hypothesized that change in microbiota composition may affect brain epigenetics leading to long-lasting effects on specific brain gene regulation. To test this hypothesis, we used Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) as a model system. As previously shown, treatment with high doses of probiotics can modulate behavior in Zebrafish, causing significant changes in the expression of some brain-relevant genes, such as BDNF and Tph1A. Using an ultra-deep targeted analysis, we investigated the methylation state of the BDNF and Tph1A promoter region in the brain and gut of probiotic-treated and untreated Zebrafishes. Thanks to the high resolution power of our analysis, we evaluated cell-to-cell methylation differences. At this resolution level, we found slight DNA methylation changes in probiotic-treated samples, likely related to a subgroup of brain and gut cells, and that specific DNA methylation signatures significantly correlated with specific behavioral scores.

scholarly journals Bacterial Taxa Associated with High Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in a Spanish Population

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Carles Rosés ◽  
Amanda Cuevas-Sierra ◽  
Salvador Quintana ◽  
José I. Riezu-Boj ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Health And Disease

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recognised as one of the healthiest diets worldwide and is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, among others. Dietary habits are considered one of the strongest modulators of the gut microbiota, which seems to play a significant role in the health and disease of the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate interactive associations between gut microbiota composition and habitual dietary intake in 360 Spanish adults of the Obekit cohort (normal weight, overweight and obese subjects). Dietary intake and adherence to the MD tests together with faecal samples were collected from each subject. Faecal 16S rRNA sequencing was performed and checked against the dietary habits. MetagenomeSeq was the statistical tool applied to analyse at the species taxonomic level. Results from this study confirm that a strong adherence to the MD increases the population of some beneficial bacteria, improving microbiota status towards a healthier pattern. Bifidobacterium animalis is the species with the strongest association with the MD. One of the highlights is the positive association between several SCFA-producing bacteria and high adherence to the MD. In conclusion, this study shows that MD, fibre, legumes, vegetables, fruit and nuts intakes are associated with an increase in butyrate-producing taxa such as Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus bromii and Oscillospira (Flavonifractor) plautii.

Influence of GSTM1, T1 genes polymorphisms on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in rural and urban pesticides-exposed workers

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amal Saad-Hussein ◽  
Eman M. Shahy ◽  
Khadiga S. Ibrahim ◽  
Heba Mahdy-Abdallah ◽  
Mona M. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Exposed Workers

Biopsychosocial pathways to mental health and disease across the lifespan: The emerging role of epigenetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Charlotte A.M. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of psychiatry has had a major impact on our modern conceptualization of mental illness as a complex, multi-determined phenomenon. Yet, interdisciplinary BPS work remains the exception, rather than the rule in psychiatry. It has been suggested that this may stem in part from a failure of the BPS model to clearly delineate the mechanisms through which biological, psychological, and social factors co-act in the development of mental illness. This chapter discusses how epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, are fast emerging as a candidate mechanism for BPS interactions, with potentially widespread implications for the way that psychiatric disorders are understood, assessed, and, perhaps in future, even treated.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to gases/fumes and mineral dust affect DNA methylation levels of genes regulating expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2477-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana A van der Plaat ◽  
Judith M Vonk ◽  
Natalie Terzikhan ◽  
Kim de Jong ◽  
Maaike de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Many workers are daily exposed to occupational agents like gases/fumes, mineral dust or biological dust, which could induce adverse health effects. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, have been suggested to play a role. We therefore aimed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) upon occupational exposures in never-smokers and investigated if these DMRs associated with gene expression levels. To determine the effects of occupational exposures independent of smoking, 903 never-smokers of the LifeLines cohort study were included. We performed three genome-wide methylation analyses (Illumina 450 K), one per occupational exposure being gases/fumes, mineral dust and biological dust, using robust linear regression adjusted for appropriate confounders. DMRs were identified using comb-p in Python. Results were validated in the Rotterdam Study (233 never-smokers) and methylation-expression associations were assessed using Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study data (n = 2802). Of the total 21 significant DMRs, 14 DMRs were associated with gases/fumes and 7 with mineral dust. Three of these DMRs were associated with both exposures (RPLP1 and LINC02169 (2×)) and 11 DMRs were located within transcript start sites of gene expression regulating genes. We replicated two DMRs with gases/fumes (VTRNA2-1 and GNAS) and one with mineral dust (CCDC144NL). In addition, nine gases/fumes DMRs and six mineral dust DMRs significantly associated with gene expression levels. Our data suggest that occupational exposures may induce differential methylation of gene expression regulating genes and thereby may induce adverse health effects. Given the millions of workers that are exposed daily to occupational exposures, further studies on this epigenetic mechanism and health outcomes are warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA Methylation Changes and Micronuclei in Workers Exposed to a Construction Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isana Silva ◽  
Manoela Ramos ◽  
Lídia Arantes ◽  
André Lengert ◽  
Marco Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Methylation levels in tumor-suppressor genes and repetitive sequences have previously been used to study the relationship between environmental air pollution and epigenetic changes related to cancer. In this study, we measured the methylation profiles of the promoter regions CDKN2A, MLH1 and APC and the repetitive sequence LINE-1 in 59 workers exposed to the construction environment and in 49 unexposed workers. We also evaluated the micronuclei frequency and levels of trace elements in the blood of all workers. We evaluated of levels of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the construction site to characterize the environmental exposure. Our findings demonstrated that exposed workers exhibited significantly higher average levels of promoter methylation of CDKN2A, APC, and MLH1 genes and increased hypomethylation of the LINE-1 in comparison to unexposed workers (all p < 0.05). A higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in the exposed group (2 ± 2) compared to the unexposed group (1 ± 1) with p < 0.001. High levels of particulate matter (51–841 μg/m3) and some PAHs were found in samples from the construction environment. In summary, we provide evidence of increased DNA damage and altered DNA methylation of exposed workers, suggesting that genomic approaches to biomonitoring may be an effective way of estimating future cancer risk for construction workers.

Organophosphate pesticides exposure among farmworkers: pathways and risk of adverse health effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suratman Suratman ◽  
John William Edwards ◽  
Kateryna Babina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Hot Weather

Abstract Organophosphate (OP) compounds are the most widely used pesticides with more than 100 OP compounds in use around the world. The high-intensity use of OP pesticides contributes to morbidity and mortality in farmworkers and their families through acute or chronic pesticides-related illnesses. Many factors contributing to adverse health effects have been investigated by researchers to determine pathways of OP-pesticide exposure among farmers in developed and developing countries. Factors like wind/agricultural pesticide drift, mixing and spraying pesticides, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), knowledge, perceptions, washing hands, taking a shower, wearing contaminated clothes, eating, drinking, smoking, and hot weather are common in both groups of countries. Factors including low socioeconomic status areas, workplace conditions, duration of exposure, pesticide safety training, frequency of applying pesticides, spraying against the wind, and reuse of pesticide containers for storage are specific contributors in developing countries, whereas housing conditions, social contextual factors, and mechanical equipment were specific pathways in developed countries. This paper compares existing research in environmental and behavioural exposure modifying factors and biological monitoring between developing and developed countries. The main objective of this review is to explore the current depth of understanding of exposure pathways and factors increasing the risk of exposure potentially leading to adverse health effects specific to each group of countries.

Polymorphisms of genes required for methionine synthesis and DNA methylation influence mitochondrial DNA methylation

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012
Author(s):  
Andrea Stoccoro ◽  
Pierpaola Tannorella ◽  
Lucia Migliore ◽  
Fabio Coppedè
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
D Loop ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Methionine Synthesis

Aim: Impaired methylation of the mitochondrial DNA and particularly in the regulatory displacement loop (D-loop) region, is increasingly observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to investigate if common polymorphisms of genes required for one-carbon metabolism ( MTHFR, MTRR, MTR and RFC-1) and DNA methylation reactions ( DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) influence D-loop methylation levels. Materials & methods: D-loop methylation data were available from 133 late-onset Alzheimer’s disease patients and 130 matched controls. Genotyping was performed with PCR-RFLP or high resolution melting techniques. Results: Both MTRR 66A > G and DNMT3A -448A > G polymorphisms were significantly associated with D-loop methylation levels. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that MTRR and DNMT3A polymorphisms influence mitochondrial DNA methylation; further research is required to better address this issue.

scholarly journals Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Caini ◽  
Benedetta Bendinelli ◽  
Giovanna Masala ◽  
Calogero Saieva ◽  
Melania Assedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Lead Levels

Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in 1992–1998. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between demographics, education and working history, lifestyle, dietary habits, anthropometry, residential history, and (among women) menstrual and reproductive history and use of exogenous sex hormones, and erythrocyte lead levels. Results: Median lead levels were 86.1 μg/L (inter-quartile range 65.5–111.9 μg/L). Male gender, older age, cigarette smoking and number of pack-years, alcohol intake, and residing in urban areas were positively associated with higher erythrocyte lead levels, while performing professional/managerial or administrative work or being retired was inversely associated with lead levels. Among women, lead levels were higher for those already in menopause, and lower among those who ever used hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions: Avoidable risk factors contribute to the lead body burden among adults, which could therefore be lowered through targeted public health measures.

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