Nutritional status and metabolic profile in neurologically impaired pediatric surgical patients

AbstractBackground:Malnutrition is reported in pediatric neuromotor disability and impacts the child’s health. We described the nutritional and metabolic status in neurologically impaired (NI) children undergoing surgery.Methods:Anthropometry, body composition, hormonal and nutritional evaluations were performed in 44 NI subjects (13.7±8.0 years). Energy needs were calculated by Krick’s formula. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined applying the following criteria (≥3 defined MS): fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL and/or homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) >97.5th percentile, trygliceride level >95th percentile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level <5th percentile, systolic/diastolic pressure >95th percentile; whilebody mass index – standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) <2 and biochemical malnutrition markers (≥2) defined undernutrition.Results:Energy intake was not adequate in 73.8% of the patients; no correlation between energy intake and BMI was noted. Undernutrition was noted in 34.1% of patients and MS in 11.36% of subjects. Fifty percent of the patients presented with insulin resistance, which was not related to BMI, body composition or other MS components.Conclusions:Nutritional and metabolic monitoring of disabled children and young adults is recommended to prevent adverse outcomes associated with malnutrition.

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Epicardial Fat Thickness in Non-Obese Neurologically Impaired Children: Association with Unfavorable Cardiometabolic Risk Profile

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000484326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valeria Calcaterra ◽

Hellas Cena ◽

Pietro Mariano Casali ◽

Gianluca Iacobellis ◽

Riccardo Albertini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Neurologically Impaired ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

Impaired Children

Background: Cardiovascular risk is reported in disabled children and epicardial fat (EF) is considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). No data on the EF thickness (EFT) evaluation in disabled children have been published. Objective: We investigated EFT in neurologically impaired (NI) children; its relationship with their metabolic profile was also considered. Methods: Clinical data, body composition estimation, biochemical profile, and ultrasound-measured EFT were performed in 32 disabled patients (12.4 ± 6.3 years). Pathological parameters were defined using the following criteria: waist circumference >95th percentile, waist to height ratio (WHtR) >0.5, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) values >95th percentile, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <5th percentile, fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) >97.5th percentile, and EFT >3.6 mm. Results: EFT values in NI children were higher compared with control group values (p = 0.02). EFT correlated with gender (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.02), pubertal stage (p = 0.04), as well as WHtR (p = 0.03). A correlation between EFT and leptin was also noted (p = 0.04). EFT levels significantly correlated with pathological TG (p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher EFT was observed in NI children compared with controls. EFT values correlated with clinical, metabolic, and endocrinological parameters. Ultrasound-measured EFT could be used to promptly detect subclinical CVD and to prevent adverse outcomes in disabled children.

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Serum concentrations of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15208/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shakiba Naiemian ◽

Mohsen naeemipour ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Ali Gohari ◽

Mohammad Reza Behroozikhah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status . Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants . Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group . Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion : Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone Accelerates Pathological Process of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1499-7718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (08) ◽

pp. 504-511

Author(s):

Xiang-Juan Li ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Dan-Yang Lu ◽

Tian-Tian Yu ◽

Kamran Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Model Assessment ◽

High Concentration ◽

Ovary Syndrome

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is one of the most common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is related to obesity. Whether increased anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance remains unclear. We investigated serum levels of leptin and AMH along with basic clinical and metabolic parameters in 114 PCOS patients and 181 non-PCOS women. PCOS patients presented higher fasting blood glucose, insulin concentrations and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in addition to body mass index (BMI), lipids profiles and hormone levels. HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with BMI, AMH, leptin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Interestingly, AMH is strongly positively correlated with HOMA-IR and insulin concentrations for 1st and 2nd hours of glucose treatment after fasting. Among PCOS women with BMI≥25 kg/m2, high AMH level group showed an increased HOMA-IR when compared to normal AMH level. However, among PCOS women with normal BMI, women with high AMH presented an elevated fasting insulin levels but not HOMA-IR when compared to normal AMH group. In vitro treatment of isolated islet cells with high concentration of leptin (200 ng/ml) or high leptin plus high concentration of AMH (1 ng/ml) significantly enhanced insulin secretion. Importantly, co-treatment of AMH plus leptin upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 after incubating with a high level of glucose. These results suggest that AMH may involve in the pathological process of pancreatic β-cells in obese PCOS women.

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Sexual Dimorphism for the Association between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Chinese People

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/1216370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bing Han ◽

Qin Li ◽

Ningjian Wang ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Chunfang Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Males And Females

Background. The relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance is still controversial. Many factors could influence this relationship. In addition, this relationship in different genders was still unclear. Methods. A total of 6597 subjects, including 2813 males and 3784 females, were analyzed. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, HbA1c, and other metabolic parameters were tested. The waist circumference (WC), weight, and height were also measured. Questionnaires regarding smoking and drinking were collected from these subjects. Results. Serum 25(OH)D was categorized into quartiles. Increasing 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced trend of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in both males and females. Pearson’s correlation indicated 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the HOMA-IR for male subjects (r=−0.055, P=0.028) but not for female subjects (r=−0.005, P=0.798). Age, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were associated with the vitamin D levels in males and females. In regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with HOMA-IR only in overweight males. Conclusion. We found an inverse association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR in Chinese overweight males. Vitamin D supplementation might be beneficial in this population. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm this association.

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Pigment epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Varies with Body Composition and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Young People

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2012-1894 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. E2114-E2118 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kyle L. Sunderland ◽

Jeanie B. Tryggestad ◽

Joshua J. Wang ◽

April M. Teague ◽

Lauren V. Pratt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor ◽

Males And Females

Context: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was recently implicated as a metabolic regulatory protein because plasma concentration was increased in obese or insulin resistant adults. To our knowledge, circulating PEDF values in children have not been reported. Because PEDF is a predictor of metabolic health in adults, it may have a similar impact on metabolic profiles in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether PEDF in normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) children and young adults varies with age, sex, or body composition or is associated with clinical markers of metabolic disease. Setting: Volunteers were tested at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Participants: Ninety-one NW (8–30 yr old) and 105 OW (8–35 yr old) males and females participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Body composition, blood pressure, arterial compliance, fasting plasma PEDF, glucose, insulin, (used for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), triglycerides, cholesterol (total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein), and C-reactive protein. Results: PEDF was 60% higher in the OW vs. NW participants but did not differ between males and females. PEDF was positively correlated with body mass, body mass index, fat and lean mass, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in both the NW and OW groups. Multiple regression models revealed that fat and lean mass were significant predictors of circulating PEDF levels independent of age, sex, and body mass index category. Conclusions: Plasma PEDF is elevated in OW youth and is positively associated with insulin resistance. These findings suggest that PEDF may play a role in the development of cardiometabolic dysfunction in youth.

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Serum uric acid is associated with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Uygur population

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-101 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1032-1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nan F. Li ◽

Hong M. Wang ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Ling Zhou ◽

Xiao G. Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Model Assessment

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is low in Uygurs, who have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight–obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to investigate the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and these risk factors in this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uygurs (859 males, 1268 females) aged 20 to 70 years. Demographic data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting and postprandial blood were obtained, and biological measurements were determined. The mean of BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the prevalence of hypertension, IR, hyperglycemia, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with UA but the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios for IR, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia against the lowest UA group increased but decreased for hypo-HDL-c (p < 0.05). The UA in the hypo-HDL-c group was lower than that of the controls; the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c in hyperuricemia subjects was lower than in those with normal UA (p < 0.05). But the opposite results were observed between overweight–obesity, hyperglycemia, IR, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-LDL-c and correspondence controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In Uygur, elevated UA is associated with overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. The HDL-c level significantly increases with UA, whereas the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreases. Further studies are needed to clarify why UA is positively correlated to HDL-c.

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Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15208/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shakiba Naiemian ◽

Mohsen naeemipour ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Moslem Lari Najafi ◽

Ali Gohari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status. Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants. Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

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Fat Quantity and Quality, as Part of a Low-Fat, Vegan Diet, Are Associated with Changes in Body Composition, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion. A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 615 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hana Kahleova ◽

Adela Hlozkova ◽

Rebecca Fleeman ◽

Katie Fletcher ◽

Richard Holubkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Vegan Diet ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Low Fat

Macronutrient composition of the diet influences the development of obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dietary fat quantity and fatty acid composition in body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. An open parallel randomized trial design was used. Overweight participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat vegan (n = 38) or control diet (n = 37) for 16 weeks. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Insulin resistance was assessed with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Insulin secretion was assessed after stimulation with a liquid breakfast (Boost Plus, Nestle, Vevey, Switzerland). Self-reported 3-day diet records were used to assess dietary intake. A linear regression model was used to test the relationship between fat intake and body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. Changes in fat intake expressed as percent of total energy consumed correlated positively with changes in fat mass (r = 0.52; p < 0.001; and 0.347; p = 0.006, respectively), even after adjustment for changes in body-mass index (BMI) and energy intake (0.33; p = 0.01). Decreased intakes of C18:0 (r = 0.37, p = 0.004) and CLA-trans-10-cis12 (r = 0.40, p = 0.002), but increased intake of C18:2 (r = −0.40, p = 0.002) and C18:3 (p = −0.36, p = 0.006), were associated with a decrease in HOMA-IR, independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. The main fatty acids associated with changes in fasting insulin secretion were C12:0 (r = −0.31, p = 0.03), and TRANS 16:1 (r = −0.33, p = 0.02), both independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. Our findings demonstrate that, in the context of a low-fat vegan diet, decreased intake of saturated and trans fats and increased relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic and α-linolenic acids, are associated with decreased fat mass and insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin secretion.

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Adipokines Vaspin and Visfatin in Obese Children

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2015.123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 563-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hassan M. Salama ◽

Ashraf Galal ◽

Ayat A. Motawie ◽

Ashraf F. Kamel ◽

Doaa M. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Significant Elevation ◽

Positive Correlations

BACKGROUND: Adipokines provides new insights about the physiology, pathology and treatment of obesity.AIM: We investigated the association between serum vaspin and serum visfatin concentrations with obesity in Egyptian children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty two obese children with body mass index (BMI) above 95th percentile; 11 males and 11 females were included in this study. Their mean age was 9.18 ± 2.8 years. After general clinical examination, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured in cases and controls (n=11). Fasting insulin, vaspin and visfatin were detected using ELIZA. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR).RESULTS: Blood pressure, in both systolic and diastolic measurements was elevated significantly in obese children. Significant elevation of serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA/IR) were observed in obese children too. Vaspin and visfatin showed significant elevation in obese children than controls. Significant positive correlations were detected between visfatin and BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and HOMA/IR. We found that Vaspin and visfatin are higher in obese children.CONCLUSION: Visfatin but not vaspin correlates positively with waist circumference and HOMA/IR in obese children.

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Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15208/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shakiba Naiemian ◽

Mohsen naeemipour ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Ali Gohari ◽

Mohammad Reza Behroozikhah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status. Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants. Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

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