Uncertainty: Blessing or Curse?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Machovec
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technical Difference ◽  
Precise Degree

AbstractThe concepts of free will and uncertainty are inseparably intertwined. This interdisciplinary essay, instead of expounding upon the technical difference between risk and uncertainty (as classically delineated by Frank Knight), assumes that both words bring to mind the same general idea to a layperson, namely, something that’s not certain to occur but may occur, whether or not the precise degree of likelihood can be calculated. With this simplification as a given, the article proceeds to analyze, first, the cultural perspective that’s a prerequisite to the existence of a belief in free will; second, the role of the limits of human knowledge in constraining the efficacy of the quest to battle uncertainty by building models of predictability and control in the physical sciences versus the social sciences; and third (and finally), the negative implications for capital-market health of attempting to satisfy, through the adoption of public policies of redress and entitlement based on a Rawlsian system of fairness, the alleged yearning by individuals to obviate distributional uncertainty.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTANTS IN IMPLEMENTATION CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT HOSPITAL Dr. H. MOH. ANWAR SUMENEP DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Syahril Syahril ◽  
Isnani Yuli Andini
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
And Control ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Internal accountants has critical leverage to encourage hospitals to be involved in activities such as social or corporate social responsibility.This study aims to examines the role of internal accountants in the implementating of corporate social responsibility at RSUD Moh. Anwar Sumenep District. Research uses descriptive (qualitative) approach to interpret and describe data that obtained from observation, interview and documentation. This research concludes that RSUD Moh. Anwar Sumenep District does not have a clear standard about corporate social responsibility. Its only depends on the willingness of the organization, not an obligation to disclose in hospital financial statements. Internal accountant who is in charge of performing systematic and objective analysis and assessment on the operation and control of company's activities is needed to encourage companies to carry out social responsibility. Researcher suggest that governments needs to increasing their concern toward this issues whether in the form of programs, policies, regulations or awards of the social environment.Keywords: Internal Accountant, Corporate Social Responsibility, Hospital

The Role of Interests in Science

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
W. Newton-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
In Virtue Of

A series of lectures organized in part by the Society for Applied Philosophy and entitled ‘Philosophy and Practice’ is presumably aimed at displaying the practical implications of philosophical doctrines and/or applying philosophical skills to practical questions. The topic of this paper, the role of interests in science, certainly meets the first condition. For as will be argued there are a number of theses concerning the role of interests in science which have considerable implications for how one should see the scientific enterprise in general and in particular for how one assesses the claim that science ought to be accorded its priviliged position in virtue of its results and/or methods And in view of the respect and resources accorded to science what could be of greater practical interest? It remains the case, however, that my interest may seem the inverse of that of the organizers of this series. For in looking at the role of interest in science, one is examining, so to speak, the extent to which the sphere of the practical determines what goes on in science. One is exploring ways in which the non-scientific impinges on the scientific. While my primary focus will be on the physical sciences, it will be argued that there is a significant difference between them and the social sciences; a difference which renders the social sciences intrinsically liable to penetration from outside. As will be seen, some of the particular arguments for this conclusion make pressing the question: what about philosophy? The answer, it will be concluded, is that philosophy is insulated from external influences to a considerable extent. In that lies both its importance and an explanation as to why much of it has little practical application.

scholarly journals The Social Construction of Historical Traumas: The Polish Experience of the Uses of History in an Intelligentsia-dominated Polity

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-931
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zarycki ◽  
Tomasz Warczok
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The West ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
And Control

The article argues that Poland’s mainstream national historical narrative, at least as far as the last two centuries of history of the country is concerned, is full of ‘traumatic’ motives which are regularly used and developed in diverse current political and intellectual contexts. Polish history is imagined to a large extent as an endless chain of 200 years of suffering, caused, among other things, by occupations, wars and exploitation, which are usually seen as not fully recognized in other countries, in particular in the West. The article attempts first of all to explain this specific nature of Poland’s historical identity by the privileged role of the intelligentsia, understood as a specific type of elite based on possession and control of cultural capital. It reconstructs the historical rise of the intelligentsia and its impact on the mainstream narrative in question, pointing to a selective choice of potential ‘traumas’ which are assigned a national status. They may be seen as tools to build positions in what can be called the Polish ‘field of power’, to use the notion coined by Pierre Bourdieu. The particular configuration and recent history of the field of power in Poland is reconstructed in order to explain different strategies of what can be called the social and political construction of historical traumas in Poland.

The Role of Interests in Science

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
W. Newton-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
In Virtue Of

A series of lectures organized in part by the Society for Applied Philosophy and entitled ‘Philosophy and Practice’ is presumably aimed at displaying the practical implications of philosophical doctrines and/or applying philosophical skills to practical questions. The topic of this paper, the role of interests in science, certainly meets the first condition. For as will be argued there are a number of theses concerning the role of interests in science which have considerable implications for how one should see the scientific enterprise in general and in particular for how one assesses the claim that science ought to be accorded its priviliged position in virtue of its results and/or methods And in view of the respect and resources accorded to science what could be of greater practical interest? It remains the case, however, that my interest may seem the inverse of that of the organizers of this series. For in looking at the role of interest in science, one is examining, so to speak, the extent to which the sphere of the practical determines what goes on in science. One is exploring ways in which the non-scientific impinges on the scientific. While my primary focus will be on the physical sciences, it will be argued that there is a significant difference between them and the social sciences; a difference which renders the social sciences intrinsically liable to penetration from outside. As will be seen, some of the particular arguments for this conclusion make pressing the question: what about philosophy? The answer, it will be concluded, is that philosophy is insulated from external influences to a considerable extent. In that lies both its importance and an explanation as to why much of it has little practical application.

scholarly journals Peran Penting Psikologis terhadap Peserta Didik SD melalui Pembelajaran Tematik-Terpadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Yunita Hariyani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
School Students ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meaningful Experiences ◽  
And Control

This study aims to determine the important role of psychology in elementary school students through thematic-integrated learning. The method used by library research. Data collection uses documentation and data analysis with descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that learning using themes in linking several subjects can provide meaningful experiences to students. Likewise seen from the social aspect, students in elementary school began to form new bonds with peers and began to be able to adjust themselves to the attitude of cooperation. While psychologically also has begun to learn to control and control his emotional expression.

scholarly journals Women in the "Kerangkeng" of Tradition: the Study on the Status of Women in Minangkabau

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-385
Author(s):  
Welhendri Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biological Differences ◽  
Status Of Women

The system of values, norms and some stereotypes attached to women are one of the factors that giving influences on the position and relationships of women with men in the existing social structure. Each person embraces the system of values or norm which is a consensus and constructed by the community itself than from generation to generation. The emergence of social construction on the status and role of women is the result of the perspective of a community towards their biological differences between men and women. The perspective which then results in oppression, exploitation, and subordination of women in social relations are contextually strongly related to socio-cultural conditions at that time. This section will discuss how women are positioned in the social life and the perspective of the culture of its subordination. Next, it is also described how the emergence of patriarchal ideology, a system that accommodates the interests of men to dominate and control women, as a consequence of the understanding of the nature of women which biologically different to men. The hegemony of patriarchal ideology brings the social awareness for women to accept the conditions of subordination as a natural thing, which is wrapped by the products of culture and tradition. It includes how patriarchal ideology is giving the effect on the system and the tradition of marriage.

Social Philosophy, Communities, and the Epistemic Shifts

2011 ◽  
pp. 3153-3158
Author(s):  
Angela Lacerda Nobre
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
And Control

It is critical to distinguish between mainstream traditional management theory and the myriad of complementary approaches that have contributed to the development of alternative approaches to organisational and management theory. The dominant stream of management theory is still largely influenced by the command and control paradigm developed over a century ago by early theorists such as Weber, Taylor, and Fayol. Though the control paradigm today is closely connected to a technocratic and functionalistic perspective of management science, there is a growing awareness of the dangers of assuming a reductive and limited view of organisational complexity. In other words, it is important to recognise the role of bureaucratic, functional, and procedural-like aspects of organisational life, though it is critical to complement these perspectives with richer and more human-centred interpretations of organisational reality. This critical role is performed by, among others, communities of practice theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1999; Wenger, McDermott & Snyder, 2002; Brown & Duguid, 1991). In order to better understand the developments in terms of management thinking, it is relevant to revise the sequence of the different schools of thought that influenced the social sciences throughout the 20th century.

Social Philosophy, Communities, and the Epistemic Shifts

2011 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
Angela Lacerda Nobre
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
And Control

It is critical to distinguish between mainstream traditional management theory and the myriad of complementary approaches that have contributed to the development of alternative approaches to organisational and management theory. The dominant stream of management theory is still largely influenced by the command and control paradigm developed over a century ago by early theorists such as Weber, Taylor, and Fayol. Though the control paradigm today is closely connected to a technocratic and functionalistic perspective of management science, there is a growing awareness of the dangers of assuming a reductive and limited view of organisational complexity. In other words, it is important to recognise the role of bureaucratic, functional, and procedural-like aspects of organisational life, though it is critical to complement these perspectives with richer and more human-centred interpretations of organisational reality. This critical role is performed by, among others, communities of practice theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1999; Wenger, McDermott & Snyder, 2002; Brown & Duguid, 1991). In order to better understand the developments in terms of management thinking, it is relevant to revise the sequence of the different schools of thought that influenced the social sciences throughout the 20th century.

Ren and Causal Efficacy: Confucians and Whitehead on the Social Role of Symbolism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Subject

Confucians in East Asia have always dreamed of holding human communities together and constructing well-functioning polities in and through the binding and harmonizing power of rituals. Underlying their trust in the power of rituals is the notion that rituals constitute symbolic articulation and enchancement of our affective responses to the conditions of embodied relationality and historicity in which we always already find ourselves. This Confucian theory of rituals resonates with Whitehead’s theory of symbolism, insofar as the latter advances a primordially relational ontology of the subject by highlighting the hitherto neglected epistemological notion of perception in the mode of causal efficacy. As such, the Confucian theory of rituals offers a fresh cross-cultural perspective to understand Whitehead’s implied critique of the modern liberal social theories that are based on a view of human beings as atomized individuals who rationally consent to enter society.

Rethinking protocol analysis from a cultural perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Smagorinsky
Keyword(s):  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity

Some form of verbal report — that is, a research participant's concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities — has been used throughout this century as the data base from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for use of one such method, protocol analysis, to investigate cognition from an information processing (IP) perspective. They have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the cognitive processes used when people attend to information stored in short term memory (STM) in order to solve problems. Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), with its concern for the mediation of human development by culturally- and historically-grounded signs and tools based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, suggests a different view of protocol analysis. In this chapter I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relationship between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint; (b) the social role of speech in research methodology; and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is to illustrate how use of verbal reports can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions necessary to use it from a CHAT perspective.

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