scholarly journals Selective infiltration and storage of picoliter volumes of liquids into sealed SU-8 microwells

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Prokop ◽  
Tobias Schmalz ◽  
Christian Karnutsch
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThis paper describes the selective infiltration and storage of picoliter volumes of water and IPA in arrays of sealed SU-8 microwells. Microwells, with a volume of approximately 300 picoliters, are fabricated employing photolithography and a polymer onto polymer lamination method to seal the structures with a thin cover of SU-8 and PDMS in order to suppress the evaporation of the infiltrated liquids. A glass capillary is used to punch through the SU-8/PDMS cover and to infiltrate the liquid of interest into the microwells. The influence of the mixing ratio of the PDMS and its curing agent is studied and the results show that a lower ratio of 2:1 suppresses the evaporation more when compared to the standard mixing ratio of 10:1. In regards to water and IPA, the dwell time in the reservoirs was increased by approximately 50 % and 450 % respectively. Depending on the physical properties of the microwells and the liquids, the SU-8/PDMS cover suppresses the evaporation up to 32 mins for water and 463 mins for IPA, respectively, until the microwell is completely empty again. Additionally, multiple infiltrations of the same microwell are demonstrated using two immiscible liquids IPA and paraffin oil. Based on the popular polymers SU-8 and PDMS, the sealed microwell structures are scalable and combinable with different glass capillaries according to the needs of future analytical research and medical diagnostics.

Modeling Dwell Time for Streetcars in Melbourne, Australia, and Toronto, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 2275 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Currie ◽  
Alexa Delbosc ◽  
James Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Ticket Purchase

Previous research indicates that dwell time is a major factor influencing transit competitiveness. Streetcars have particularly uncompetitive running times, but no research has explored influences on streetcar dwell time. There is also no analytical research on dwell time effects of stop design despite anecdotal evidence showing that platform stops have reduced streetcar dwell time. This paper presents an empirical study of factors affecting dwell time on streetcars in Melbourne, Australia, and Toronto, Canada. It focuses on tram stop design. Results show that payment of fares to drivers on entry in Toronto increases dwell time compared with onboard self-ticket validation in Melbourne (β = .26). For a typical case of 10 passengers boarding and five alighting, the Melbourne approach saves 9.4 s (48%) of dwell time compared with Toronto. Tram stop design, notably platform stops, was the next most significant factor affecting streetcar dwell time (β = -.18). For a typical case of 10 passengers boarding and five alighting, platform stops reduce dwell time by 6.6 s or 25%. A positive link between the number of doors on trams and dwell time was found; however, this is thought to result from insufficient examples of high boarding numbers on four-door trams. The results suggest that off-vehicle or postboarding ticket purchase and validation are significant strategies for reducing dwell time. Providing platform stops is also a potential strategy for reducing dwell time. Areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Parallux™ β-Lactam: A Capillary-Based Fluorescent Immunoassay for the Determination of Penicillin-G, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Cephapirin, and Ceftiofur in Bovine Milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey P Huth ◽  
Polly S Warholic ◽  
Jane M Devou ◽  
Larry K Chaney ◽  
Genevieve H Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Minimum Sensitivity ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Analytical System

Abstract An analytical system was developed for detection of antibiotic residues in bovine milk. The method is based on competitive fluorescent immunoassays in glass capillary tubes (U.S. Patent No. 5,624,850). The system consists of an assay cartridge containing 4 glass capillaries, a reagent tray with 4 wells of dried reagents, and a Parallux™ processor, which processes the assay, reads fluorescent output, and reports test results. Minimum sensitivity for detection of 6 β-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk was determined to be penicillin-G, 3.2 ppb; ampicillin, 2.9 ppb; amoxicillin, 3.6 ppb; cloxacillin, 7.4 ppb; cephapirin, 16.3 ppb; and ceftiofur, 33.7 ppb. The assay system was also specific and sensitive for detection of incurred residues at U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels: penicillin-G, 5 ppb; ampicillin, 10 ppb; amoxicillin, 10 ppb; cloxacillin, 10 ppb; cephapirin, 20 ppb; and ceftiofur, 50 ppb. There was no interference in detection of minimum sensitivity levels of antibiotic by the presence of somatic cells at approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL. Milk containing 3 × 106 cells/mL bacteria commonly found in mastitic milk also showed no interference when tolerance levels of antibiotic were present. There was no detectable interference on results by a wide variety of non-β-lactam drugs.

Metabolism and Storage of DDT in Beef Cattle

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 966-973
Author(s):  
K A McCully ◽  
D C Villeneuve ◽  
W P McKinley ◽  
W E J Phillips ◽  
M Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Intermediate Rate

Abstract Beef steers were fed forage contaminated with technical DDT for 83 days. Fat samples were removed by omentectomy at various intervals after feeding of the contaminated forage had ceased. Residues of p,p′-DDE, DDD, and p,p′-DDT were found. DDD residues declined at the greatest rate, p,p′-DDT declined at an intermediate rate, while p,p′-DDE declined at the slowest rate. In a second experiment technical DDT was administered orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously to beef steers. Fat samples were removed by omentectomy 3 days after dosing. The steers that received technical DDT intraperitoneally and intravenously stored DDD and p,p′-DDT in the fat at a much lower ratio than the orally treated animals. p,p′-DDT was administered by the oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes in another experiment. Three and 8 days after dosing, the residues in the omental fat of the orally treated animals showed increased DDD to p,p′-DDT ratios when compared to these ratios for the other 2 groups which had declined from pre-treatment levels. The data suggest that p,p′-DDT is dechlorinated to DDD in the rumen of the bovine.

Effect on the Alkali-Activator Mixing Ratio of Geopolymer Mortar Using Bottom Ash

2011 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Si Hwan Kim ◽  
Gum Sung Ryu ◽  
Kyung Taek Koh ◽  
Su Tae Kang ◽  
Jang Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Alkali Activator ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
And Storage

This Study purposed to review on the strength of geopolymer mortar and the change in liquidity depending on the mixing ratio of alkali-activator in developing the geopolymer mortar using bottom ash as binder. Alkali-activator was used through mixing 9M-Sodium hydroxide (SH) and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate(SS) and its strength was measured by material age after curing for 48 hours at 60°C. As a result, the pressure strength was shown as 40MP when the mass ratios of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate were35 vs. 65 and 50 vs. 50, but the solution of the mass ratio of 50 vs. 50 showed the rapid solid phenomenon in the process of mortar manufacturing, thereby disadvantage in construction. In addition, in case of storing the mixed solution in room temperature, as the mix ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide increases, the solution solidified. Accordingly, when considering on strength, liquidity and storage, it’s most preferable to fix the mass ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate at 35 vs. 65.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON β-CAROTEN AND VITAMIN C OF THE COMBINED JUICE OF GAC FRUIT AND PASSION FRUIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Thuy Mong Lam ◽  
Tien Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Optimal Mixing ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

This study was conducted to determine the influence of fluctuating temperatures on β-caroten and vitamin C present in a combined gac fruit and passion fruit juice. The mixing ratio of gac – syrup – passion fruit juice was randomly arranged into six groups with differing parameters such as; Pasteurization temperature set at varyinglevels (70oC, 80oC and 90oC), pasteurization times (5, 10 and 15 minutes), and storage times (temperature 4oC, normal temperature). Each treatment group were analysed and had three replicate samples per group. The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio is 40% gac + 25% passion fruit + 35% syrup. The best pasteurization temperature and time for the product is 80oC and 5 minutes. The product should be stored at a cold temperature (4oC) for 10 days to ensure that it has a strong, aromatic and pleasant taste.

scholarly journals Physical properties of kelulut honey emulsions with different oil types and emulsifier concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Fatin Naimah Rosdi ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Wan Anwar Fahmi Wan Mohamad ◽  
Wan Mohd Fadli Wan Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Storage

Kelulut honey (KH) is a honey produced by stingless bee species, known for its high nutritional content and health benefits. Even though it is very healthy, some people cannot consume it directly. Therefore, incorporating this type of honey into an emulsion system is a good strategy to increase its consumption. Emulsion technology is one of the alternative technologies nowadays which combines two or more immiscible liquids to form a solution. In this study, KHemulsions were emulsified with glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and stabilised by xanthan gum. There were two stages involvedto determine the effects of variations in oil types and emulsifier concentrations on the physical properties of KH emulsions. In the first stage, three types of oil were used as the dispersed phase, which were palm oil, canola oil, and sunflower oil. Then in the second stage, different concentrations of GMS (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%) were applied. From the droplet size analysis, the emulsion with sunflower oil and the highest concentration of GMS gave the smallest diameter of 0.78 ± 0.01µm and the lowest polydispersity index (pdI) of 16.2±2.03 %. Meanwhile, the texture analysis shows that emulsion with palm oil has the highest firmness (45.16±2.83 g) and consistency (305.44±14.91 g.sec) values. The foaming index on the other hand depicts that emulsion with palm oil and that with the lowest concentration of GMS gave the highest foam stability. From this study, a physically stable oil-in-water KH emulsion was produced, which should undergo further chemical, sensory and storage studies for commercial production in the future.

Food Packaging Potential of Some Novel Degradable Starch-Polyethylene Plastics1

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KIM ◽  
A. L. POMETTO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Potential Use

The food-packaging potential of 12 degradable starch-polyethylene films containing cornstarch, low- or high-molecular-weight oxidized polyethylene and pro-oxidant was evaluated. Mechanical properties of the films were affected more by acids than by alkali, but the film was stable in paraffin oil. Starch in the films did not impair heat-sealing ability. Water vapor transmission increased with increasing starch content but was not affected by oxidized polyethylene. Oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability were not affected by starch or oxidized polyethylene, but nitrogen permeability was affected by starch. Oil oxidation was stimulated by pro-oxidant and high-molecular-weight oxidized polyethylene in films. Film starch content, oxygen permeability, and water permeability did not accelerate microbial growth, and the mechanical properties of most films were not reduced after use. These results suggest that these degradable starch-polyethylene films have some potential use as primary food containers for some food products and storage requirements.

scholarly journals Silk-based blood stabilization for diagnostics

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 5892-5897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Kluge ◽  
Adrian B. Li ◽  
Brooke T. Kahn ◽  
Dominique S. Michaud ◽  
Fiorenzo G. Omenetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Remote Diagnostics ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Blood Analytes ◽  
And Storage

Advanced personalized medical diagnostics depend on the availability of high-quality biological samples. These are typically biofluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine; and their collection and storage is critical to obtain reliable results. Without proper temperature regulation, protein biomarkers in particular can degrade rapidly in blood samples, an effect that ultimately compromises the quality and reliability of laboratory tests. Here, we present the use of silk fibroin as a solid matrix to encapsulate blood analytes, protecting them from thermally induced damage that could be encountered during nonrefrigerated transportation or freeze–thaw cycles. Blood samples are recovered by simple dissolution of the silk matrix in water. This process is demonstrated to be compatible with a number of immunoassays and provides enhanced sample preservation in comparison with traditional air-drying paper approaches. Additional processing can remediate interactions with conformational structures of the silk protein to further enhance blood stabilization and recovery. This approach can provide expanded utility for remote collection of blood and other biospecimens empowering new modalities of temperature-independent remote diagnostics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Logistical Operations in the Distribution Center of the Bahamas Group in the City of Juiz de Fora – MG, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fabio Roberto Costa de Carvalho ◽  
Abner Fortunato de Souza ◽  
Wellington Reginaldo de Souza ◽  
Luciana Penna Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Retail Company ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Made In

The present work consists of a descriptive-analytical study in the distribution center of the Bahamas Group, a retail company in Juiz de Fora (MG), which currently has locations distributed throughout the Zona da Mata and Triângulo Mineiro. The paper aims to answer the following question: Are the receiving, addressing, storing, separating and shipping logistics operations at the Bahamas Group’s distribution center in line with conventional theoretical standards? Starting from the main objective, which is to portray the participation of logistics in the distribution center of the Bahamas Group, this study outlines the following specific objectives: to describe the operations of distribution and storage in the Bahamas Group; to identify the qualities and shortcomings of distribution and storage operations. The work was compiled on the theoretical bases of renowned authors in the area, focusing in particular on the aspects related to logistics, in addition to the methodology of descriptive-analytical research, in order to fulfill the objectives of the study. Subsequently, the distribution and storage operations within the Bahamas Group have been described. Then, before arriving at the final considerations, a pairing with the theoretical framework was made, in line with the theory put into practice. As a conclusion, significant growth was identified as a result of the creation of the distribution center.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of pressure disturbances influence on a parallel flow of viscous immiscible liquids in a T-shaped microchannel

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Alexander Kovalev ◽  
Anna Yagodnitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Slug Flow ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Pulse Ratio ◽  
Flow Map

In the present paper pressure disturbances influence on parallel flow of immiscible liquids, viz. castor oil and paraffin oil, in a T-shaped microchannel with 320 um hydraulic diameter is studied experimentally. Pressure disturbances with sinusoidal and meander wave shape were applied at different frequencies and pulse ratio to the flow of carrying phase, dispersed phase or both of them simultaneously. It was shown that pressure disturbances can lead to the transition to the slug flow. A parameter taking into account signal amplitude and frequency was introduced for flow map construction. Slug length and velocity was measured for all regimes studied.

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