scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on Chlorophyll Content in Winter Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (332) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Skudra ◽  
Antons Ruza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nitrogen management strategy in plant growth period based on chlorophyll content evaluation in plant can improve nitrogen usage efficiency and reduce environmental contamination. This study is aimed to determine the impact of different nitrogen and sulphur fertilizer rates on dynamics of chlorophyll content in winter wheat during vegetative growth and to determine the relationship between nitrogen and chlorophyll content and grain yield of winter wheat. Field trial involving a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Kranich’ was conducted at the LUA Research and Study Farm Vecauce during a three-year period (2012-2015). The treatments were 0, 85, 153, 175+S21, 175 (in 2015), 187 N kg ha−1 and different nitrogen norms according to chlorophyll meter Yara N-tester (Konica Minolta Ltd.) data: 180, 150, 205 N kg ha−1 depending on the year. The results of the trial show that the maximum chlorophyll content in different plant parts was observed at the end of flowering stage. The chlorophyll content depended on the level of mineral fertilisation. The highest chlorophyll content in leaves, stems and ears was obtained by using additional sulphur in two trial years. Usage of chlorophyll meter Yara N-tester obtained the highest chlorophyll content in all analyzed plant parts in one trial year. Chlorophyll content was significantly dependant on plant growth stage in stems in all trial years, in leaves in two trial years, and in ears in one year. Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected chlorophyll content in leaves and stems in one trial year. Close positive correlation was observed between grain yield and wheat plant chlorophyll content and average nitrogen concentration at the end of flowering stage in all three trial years.

scholarly journals Nitrogen status in maize grown at different row spacings and nitrogen availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Barbieri ◽  
Hernán E. Echeverría ◽  
Hernán R. Sainz Rozas ◽  
Fernando H. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Response Thresholds

Barbieri, P. A., Echeverría, H. E., Sainz Rozas, H. R. and Andrade, F. H. 2013. Nitrogen status in maize grown at different row spacings and nitrogen availability. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1049–1058. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative to sustainable agriculture. To attain this goal in maize crops (Zea mays L.) there are nitrogen (N) diagnosis methods that enable determination of a crop's nutritional status by analysis of plant parts. Maize planted in narrow rows (NR) can have increased dry matter (DM), grain yield and accumulated N. However, no reports have been found on the effect of NR of N in plant diagnosis methods. An experiment was performed over 3 yr to evaluate NR and N fertilizer rates on the N dilution curve, N concentration in grain and chlorophyll content in maize. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of row width (70, 52 and 35 cm) and N rate (0 to 180 kg N ha−1). The N dilution curves adjusted for fertilized or control treatments were similar among row spacing. Nitrogen concentration in grain was correlated with relative yield (RY), and similar critical values for N response were similar between row spacings. Leaf chlorophyll content increased with N and NR; however, green index (GI) and N sufficiency index (NSI) values were not different between row spacing when correlated to RY. These results indicate that response thresholds to N fertilization determined on plant tissue for NR treatments were similar among row spacings. Thus, there is no need to adjust the response thresholds to N application based on row spacing, as NR did not cause any changes in physiological efficiency (PE) due to the determined proportional increases, both in accumulated N in DM and grain yield.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variationin Dry Weight and Nitrogen Concentration of Wheat Plant Parts; Relations to Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hafeez Malik ◽  
Allan Andersson ◽  
Ramune Kuktaite ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Bismillah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Plant Parts

Effect of wheat varieties and growth regulators on soil greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbe von der Lancken ◽  
Victoria Nasser ◽  
Katharina Hey ◽  
Stefan Siebert ◽  
Ana Meijide
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Varieties

<p>The need to sustain global food demand while mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is a challenge for agricultural production systems. Since the reduction of GHGs has never been a breeding target, it is still unclear to which extend different crop varieties will affect GHG emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N-fertilization and of the use of growth regulators applied to three historical and three modern varieties of winter wheat on the emissions of the three most important anthropogenic GHGs, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Furthermore, we aimed at identifying which combination of cultivars and management practises could mitigate GHG emissions in agricultural systems without compromising the yield. GHG measurements were performed using the closed chamber method in a field experiment located in Göttingen (Germany) evaluating three historical and three modern winter wheat varieties, with or without growth regulators under two fertilization levels (120 and 240 kg nitrogen ha<sup>-1</sup>). GHG measurements were carried out for 2 weeks following the third nitrogen fertilizer application (where one third of the total nitrogen was applied), together with studies on the evolution of mineral nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in the soil. Modern varieties showed significantly higher CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (i.e. soil and plant respiration; +23 %) than historical varieties. The soils were found to be a sink for CH<sub>4,</sub> but CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were not affected by the different treatments. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were not significantly influenced by the variety age or by the growth regulators, and emissions increased with increasing fertilization level. The global warming potential (GWP) for the modern varieties was 7284.0 ± 266.9 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>. Even though the GWP was lower for the historic varieties (5939.5 ± 238.2 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>), their greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), which relates GHG and crop yield, was larger (1.5 ± 0.3 g CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> grain), compared to the GHGI of modern varieties (0.9 ± 0.0 g CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> grain), due to the much lower grain yield in the historic varieties. Our results suggest that in order to mitigate GHG emissions without compromising the grain yield, the best management practise is to use modern high yielding varieties with growth regulators and a fertilization scheme according to the demand of the crop.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of the Irrigation Dose Amount on the Wheat Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bieniek ◽  
Marek Mielnicki ◽  
Leszek Romański ◽  
Piotr Komarnicki
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper presents analysis of the impact of irrigation dose on the winter wheat Bystra yield, which is recommended for cultivation in Poland. It is a low-growing high-yield wheat cultivar. A reel sprinkler equipped with a computer for control of parameters of its operation, which was supplied with pond water was used for irrigation. Test were carried out on five fields, where four irrigation doses were used: 15, 20, 25, 30 mm. A change of weather during research in May and June caused the need to irrigate a field four times. During research, the size of the irrigation dose was measured with rain gauges on each of the investigated fields in five measurement points. One of the fields was a control field, which was not irrigated. The investigated wheat was characterized during harvesting. Research proved that the size of the irrigation dose influences the wheat yield. The grain yield between a control field and a field with the highest irrigation dose increased by twofold. Moreover, analysis of costs incurred during sprinkling were analysed.

scholarly journals MgONPs Can Boost Plant Growth: Evidence from Increased Seedling Growth, Morpho-Physiological Activities, and Mg Uptake in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cai ◽  
Minghong Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Liu ◽  
Huikuan Yang ◽  
Xianchao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mg Content

In this study, we documented the impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) on the various morpho-physiological changes by root irrigation in tobacco plants in the matrix media, as well as the uptake and accumulation of the NPs over a range of concentrations (50–250 μg/mL). Our results showed that the seed germination rate was not affected following exposure to MgONPs for 5 days. Enhanced plant growth together with increased peroxidase activity (39.63 U mg−1 protein in the 250 μg/mL MgONPs treatment, 36.63 U mg−1 protein in the control), superoxide dismutase activity (30.15 U mg−1 protein compared to 26.95 U mg−1 protein in the control), and chlorophyll content (the chlorophyll a and b contents in 0 and 250 μg/mL of MgONPs were 0.21, 0.12 μg/g to 1.21, 0.67 μg/g, respectively) were observed after 30 days of MgONP treatment. However, the malondialdehyde, protein, and relative water contents did not differ significantly, indicating that the NPs in the test concentrations had no phytotoxicity and even promoted plant growth. Scanning electron microscopy and paraffin section observations indicated that the MgONPs did not affect the plant tissue structures and cells. In addition, an elevated Mg content was detected in the plant tissues exposed to MgONPs, suggesting that the Mg was taken up by the tobacco roots and translocated to the shoots and leaves, which were probably the most important tools to cause an increase in the chlorophyll content and stimulate growth. In particular, compared with the controls, a substantially higher Mg content was observed in the leaves (12.93 mg/g in the MgONPs treatment, 9.30 mg/g in the control) exposed to 250 μg/mL MgONPs, especially in the lower and middle leaves. This result confirmed that the contents of plant Mg-element in the old leaves were increased by MgONPs. In summary, this study investigated increased Mg uptake and growth stimulation, as well as the induction of various positive morpho-physiological changes to tobacco plants when exposed to MgONPs. Results elucidate the promotional impact of the NPs on plant health and their implications for agricultural safety and security.

Coal-smoke pollution modifies physio-chemical characteristics of tissues during the ontogeny of Peristrophe bicalyculata

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Nighat ◽  
Mahmooduzzafar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Peristrophe Bicalyculata

AbstractCoal-smoke emissions of a thermal power plant affected the physio-chemical status of Peristrophe bicalyculata (Reth) Nees, as observed at the pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages of plant growth. The nitrate level was raised while nitrate reductase activity, and the soluble protein content of leaf declined heavily at the polluted site during different stages of plant growth, compared to the control. The rate of photosynthesis also decreased under the pollution stress. Sugar level in root, stem and leaves increased with growing age of the plant but was always lower at the polluted site than at the reference site. In roots, the difference was marginal till flowering stage and quite conspicuous afterwards; stems showed a reverse pattern of variation. Sulphur content was higher at the polluted site in all the organs and at each stage of the plant life. The Zn and Fe concentrations were reduced in all plant parts under the pollution stress. Copper content in root was consistently low at the polluted site. In the stem and leaves, however, it was almost equal on both the sites at the pre-flowering stage but showed a wide difference during the later part of plant ontogeny.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chlorophyll Meter Measurement in Winter Wheat at Field Scale Level

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Lukas ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez-Moreno ◽  
Tamara Dryšlová ◽  
Lubomír Neudert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Nutritional Deficit

Abstract This paper examines the relationship among chlorophyll meter Yara N-Tester readings, nutrition status and growth parameters (leaf area index (LAI), plant height) of the winter wheat plants. Data used in this study were collected in 2010 from two fields located in the Czech Republic (area 52 and 38 ha) from different farms, both with uniform and conventional crop management. The monitoring of crop stands was done at growth stage BBCH 30 in a regular sampling grid with 150 m distance between points (27 and 18 points). At each sampling point, the plant height, LAI (Delta-T SunScan) and the chlorophyll concentration (Yara N-Tester) were recorded. Plant samples were taken to analyse the content of main nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca and S). The results of plant analysis showed that both fields were in different nutrition status: one in a correct status and another had a complex nutritional deficit (K, Ca and N). Linear regressions and ANOVA proved that under a multiple nutritional deficit, N-Tester readings responded to the growth of the crop, while in the adequate nutritional conditions the sensitivity of N-Tester to the variation in the nitrogen concentration is lower. The relationships between crop parameters and chlorophyll meter readings are not generalisable and thus the interpretation of N-Tester results has to be done separately for each field.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF VARIOUS AGRO-CHEMICALS ON WINTER WHEAT GROWTH INTENSITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Daiga Oboļeviča ◽  
Antons Ruža
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
And Training

Also, each treatment of the field results in a certain stress for the plants. The natural physiological processes within a plant are hindered influencing the growth of a plant. The objectives of the paper were to determine influence of retardant, herbicide and nitrogen on growth dynamics and the development o f vegetation stages in winter wheat. The field experiments were carried out during 1998 to 1999 in Research and Training Farm "Pēterlauki" on sod calcareous medium loam, pH k c l — 7.0, humus content 20 to 25 g kg 1 in soil. The research was carried out in the fields o f intensive type of winter wheat 'Otto' with the following treatments: control; control + herbicide; control + retardant; Ngo + 70 +40 + retardants. Herbicide Dialen (2,01 ha~’) and retardant Cikocel (1,5 l haT1 ) was applied during the final stage o f tillage, when testing parted nitrogen fertiliser, the first part (N go) was used after vegetation period was resumed. The second part (N70) was applied at the beginning of stalking stage (Zadoks Growth Stage 30). The third part (N40) - during shooting into ears. The grovAng dynamics was registered by aucsinographs (designed by I.Gronskis, M.Āboliņš). This equipment allows to observe and to register the intensity o f plant growth length within twenty-four hours. Registration tapes were changed every twenty-four hours. The analysis of the results showed that the most intensive plant growth happened in the morning (9:00 - 12:00 a.m.) and in the afternoon (3:00 - 6:00 p.m.). A decrease in the growing intensity was observed during night and midday. The data show how that the growth of winter wheat was seriously hindered even 2 weeks after the treatment with agro-chemicals. Winter wheat growing in length stops in the middle of flowering stage.

scholarly journals Impact of mulch tillage and fertilization on growth and development of winter wheat plants in clean fallow in Northern Steppe of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
A. I. Tsyliuryk ◽  
Yu. I. Tkalich ◽  
S. V. Masliiov ◽  
V. I. Kozechko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Fallow Field

In conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine, while cultivating winter wheat after corn in clean fallow the expediency of shallow mulch tillage (disk, flat-cut (early fallow)) has been justified, which provides obtaining equivalent biometric indicators of plant growth and development, grain yield compared to the fall-plowing (the yield of grains for plowing is 5,24-5,50 t/ha, the disking is 5,17-5,60 t/ha, flat-topping loosening (early fallow) – 5,04-5,52 t/ha) on the organic and mineral background (stubble residues + N30-60P30K30). The autumn disk and spring flat-cut cultivation of the fallow field on the background of applying N30-60P30K30 ensure the annual yield of high quality grain of the 3d class (protein – 11,6-12,3%, gluten – 22,6-24,6%), and also contribute to fuel economy during soil cultivation – 22-29 l/ha and guarantee high profitability of grain production at the level of 110-123%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document