Principals or Beginners? The Regions and the Local Railway System (1997–2011)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Giulio
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bureaucratic Structure

AbstractThis article analyzes the implementation of the Italian railway reforms, with a focus on the process of regionalization started in 1997. Indeed, this sector represents a relevant challenge for the Italian legacy in the field, traditionally regulated by the bureaucratic structure of the Italian Railways, under direct ministerial control since 1905. However, after 10 years of implementation, Regions seem to have not yet enough financial resources and administrative capacity to deal with this policy. In addition, the national incumbent (FS) initiated a successful lobbying campaign to restrict the market condition at regional level in order to protect its own domain. As a result, the regionalization process appears to be dominated by national actors and highly politicized dynamics which undermine the creation of a stable and accountable regulatory framework.

ANTHROPONYMIC CORE OF THE INTEGRATED NATIONAL CULTURAL SPACE (IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS OF THE SMOLENSK MATERIAL)

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
N.V. Bubnova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
The Creation

The article suggests an approach to revelation anthroponymic markers of the integrated national cultural space, the creation and the preservation of which acquired especial significance in the 21st century due to the rapid globalization. Obviously, that proper names, which carry multifaceted historic and cultural information concerning people's life, constitute the major part of Russian cultural basis. Thus, the question arises, how to find these proper names in such a vocabulary diversity. Correspondingly, the exploration of proper names and theirs value on regional level using objective experimental data, can be considered as a “filtr” for the detection of such proper names. The experience of conducting such explorations of Smolensk's onomastic material is described in this article.

Administrative capacity, structural choice and the creation of EU agencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J⊘rgen Gr⊘nnegaard Christensen ◽  
Vibeke Lehmann Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Structural Choice ◽  
The Creation

Regulating Religious Broadcasting

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 287-304
Author(s):  
Ian Leigh
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Satellite Broadcasting ◽  
Religious Broadcasting ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Control

The broadcasting world is currently undergoing a revolution. The new technologies of cable and, more importantly, satellite broadcasting have brought within reach an enormous potential expansion and diversity in broadcasting. The Broadcasting Act 1990 is the government's response to the challenge, creating a mostly new regulatory framework. Alongside technological advance there has been a growing concern with regulating programme quality, as the creation of the Broadcasting Standards Commission (placed by Pt. V of the Act on a statutory footing) bears witness. A minor, but not insignificant, place in these cross-currents of ferment is occupied by religious broadcasting. This article seeks to place the controls and duties relating to religious broadcasting under the new regime within the context of its history in the UK and to consider the extent to which the new legal and administrative controls achieve an acceptable balance between religious expression and control of standards.

scholarly journals Трансформация европейской концепции многоязычия и межъязыковое взаимодействие пограничья

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krivenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Current Vector

Процесс практической имплементации общеевропейской концепции многоязычия на региональном уровне учитывает разные формы и степень сопряжения культур, складывающиеся между народами на определенной территории. Современный вектор развития многоязычия, обозначенный призывами Идти на места и Изучать язык соседа , имеет целью учет национальной специфики и исторического опыта межкультурного взаимодействия народов, проживающих в условиях пограничья. Выводы автора о трансформации концепции многоязычия с вниманием к межъязыковому взаимодействию соседствующих народов базируются на анализе нормативной базы Совета Европы по вопросам языковой политики с акцентом на лингвокультурологический феномен пограничья.The specifics of the implementation at the regional level of the pan-European conceptof multilingualism take into account different forms and degree of conjugation of cultures that take shape between nations in a certain territory. The current vector of its development designated by the call Learn the language of the neighbor seeks to take account on the national specifics and the historical experience of intercultural interaction of peoples living in borderland conditions. The authors conclusions on the transformation of the concept of multilingualism with attention to the linguistic interaction of neighbouring peoples are based on an analysis of the Council of Europes regulatory framework on language policy issues, with an emphasis on the linguo-culturological aspect of the frontier.

scholarly journals Polycentricity and framing battles in the creation of regional norms on violence against women

2020 ◽  
pp. 004711782094294
Author(s):  
Anna van der Vleuten ◽  
Conny Roggeband ◽  
Anouka van Eerdewijk
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
The Creation

In Latin America and Southern Africa, norms on violence against women have developed with ups and downs, not simply in reaction to global norms, but sometimes even preceding global norm diffusion or surpassing it in terms of scope, framing and binding character. The classic global-to-local account with a single source of norm creation cannot capture these dynamics. Including the regional level in a dynamic model of norm diffusion enables us to understand the changing contents of a norm and to acknowledge transregional agency. We show (1) how norm contestation is an ongoing, multidirectional and polycentric process; (2) how the regional level opens up opportunities for feminists and femocrats; and (3) under which conditions regional norms can be both more progressive than global ones and more adapted to regional needs, and, in turn, are thus able to strengthen the ‘global’ norm.

In perspective: Setting up new Combined Authorities in England: A National Audit Office assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Aileen Murphie
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
New Wave ◽  
National Audit ◽  
High Point ◽  
Mayoral Elections ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Set Up

In May 2017, nine combined authorities had been created in England. Also, by May 2017, six of the combined authorities had held mayoral elections and England now has six new elected officials at what one might call regional level, elected on turnouts of between 21 and 34% of local electorates. This means that 34% of the population of England now lives in combined authority areas and 22% in combined authority areas with an elected mayor. So, the administrative map of England now looks different and the governance of England is now different. The question is how much the new authorities will matter. The second question is how well combined authorities are set up to benefit local areas. The creation of combined authorities effectively forms a statute-based vehicle to take forward devolution deals. The subsidary question relates to the future of devolution: are the combined authorities now in existence the start of a new wave? Or the high point? In this article I will set out the challenges currently facing the combined authorities and set out the financial context in which they are operating.

The importance of cooperation of tourism organizations at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janka Beresecká ◽  
Veronika Svetlíková
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

According to the results from OECD countries, the position of the tourism sector in Slovakia has been unfavourable for a long time. Tourism in Slovakia is managed in a decentralized way, which is legally and financially supported in certain forms. Support is largely conditional on cooperation. Such an example is the support of the creation and activities of regional tourism organizations. In this paper, we will examine the economic significance and justification of cooperation among entities that are members of regional tourism organizations, by determining the relationship between the number of these organizations and the amount of revenue divided into four categories at the regional level. In this work we used multiple regression and correlation analysis. Based on their results, we identified the performance of companies according to the categories of achieved revenues. The results suggest that the most productive companies are companies with revenues ranging from 100000-500000 Euros per year. The paper also offers a framework of questions for further research related to sector governance, as well as an awareness of the importance and significance of cooperation.

صكوك المضاربة ودورها في تمويل المشاريع الاقتصادية الفلسطينية

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Palestinian Economy

الملخــص: يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على مفهوم صكوك المضاربة وتطبيقها في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني، بهدف حشد وتعبئة الموارد المالية اللازمة لغرض تمويل مختلف الاحتياجات التمويلية للمشاريع الاستثمارية في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني، وبناءً على أهداف البحث واستناداً إلى الإطار النظري، قد تُوصل إلى أهم النتائج التالية: حيث تعد صناعة الصكوك حديثة العهد عامةً، وفي فلسطين خاصةً، إذ نجد غياب الإطار القانوني والشرعي والتنظيمي للصكوك غياباً كاملاً، فضلاً عن افتقارها لمؤسسات البنية التحتية المساندة لها، ومحدودية نشر ثقافة الصكوك بين أفراد المجتمع، بالإضافة إلى قلة الموارد البشرية المؤهلة للعمل في هذه الصناعة، كما ثبت صلاحية استخدام صكوك المضاربة في تعبئة الموارد المالية اللازمة لتمويل مختلف المشاريع الاقتصادية، إذ تفتح باب المشاركة الشعبية أمام الناس للمساهمة في بناء اقتصادياتهم، وعليه يمكن الاستفادة منها في تمويل المشاريع الاستثمارية التي تساهم في تحقيق التنمية أو النمو في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني. Abstract This research aims to identify the concept of Sukuk Mudaraba, of speculation and implementing it in the Palestinian economy, in order to mobilize the necessary financial resources of various financing needs for investment projects in the Palestinian economy for the purpose of financing. Based on the research objectives and based on the theoretical framework, had reached found the following important results: where is the industry recent General Sukuk, and particularly in Palestine, as we find the absence of a legal and legitimate and regulatory framework of the Sukuk Mudaraba fully absence, as well as the lack of institutions, support it, and the limited spread the culture of Sukuk between members of the community, in addition to the lack of qualified human resources work in the industry, as proven the validity of the use of Sukuk in the necessary mobilization of financial resources to finance various economic projects. As it opens the door of popular participation for people to help build their economies, and it can be used to finance investment projects that contribute to the development or growth the Palestinian economy.

Railway terminal in the future

Innotrans ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Valeriy M. Samuylov ◽  
◽  
Ilya A. Medovshchikov ◽  
Tatiana A. Kargapoltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

The article provides a comparative analysis of international and Russian experience in the transformation of railway terminals. International practice places intermodality or functional compatibility of vehicles as the key element of the modern transport system in the framework of the “City-hub” “door-to-door” project. Specific examples of large intermodal stations in Europe and China are given. In Russia, the regulatory framework and most scientists focus on the reconstruction of existing railway station complexes and the creation of transport hubs based on them. Examples of transport interchange hubs in the city of Moscow are given. Based on the analysis, conclusions on the formation of intermodal transport interchange complexes in Russia are formulated.

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