Making HIV a Crime

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Right ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Invasive Control

When a new deadly disease emerged in urban gay enclaves in the early 1980s, officials originally named it G.R.I.D. (gay-related immune deficiency). The New Right used AIDS as the latest evidence of America’s moral decline, stoking public fears that the disease would spill over into the “general population” and demanding that states implement more invasive control measures. This chapter explores how campaigns to criminalize HIV spread across the country starting in the mid-1980s. Fears of sex work and homosexuality drove early efforts, while one state’s law helped to spread HIV-specific criminal laws across the nation—sparking an epidemic of legislation that would spread to forty-five states.

scholarly journals Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Eleni Kourkouni ◽  
Stefania Maistreli ◽  
Christina-Grammatiki Tsopela ◽  
Nafsika-Maria Molocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?” Results Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.

scholarly journals Transjejunal laparoscopic-assisted ERCP in Roux-en-Y patient: the new right path

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. e45-e47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Mita ◽  
G Dalmonte ◽  
A Gnocchi ◽  
F Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
General Population ◽  
Subtotal Gastrectomy ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
New Right ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Biliary Lithiasis ◽  
Surgically Altered Anatomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted

The incidence of biliary lithiasis after gastric surgery seems to be higher than in the general population. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) allows several biliary and pancreatic pathologies to be dealt with; however, in patients with an altered anatomy of the upper and mid gastrointestinal tract, this endoscopic manoeuvre can be extremely challenging. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with previous subtotal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction, admitted with a diagnosis of cholecystitis and choledocolithiasis. She was successfully treated with transjejunal laparoscopic-assisted ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which appears to be a safe and useful procedure for choledocolithiasis treatment in patients with surgically altered anatomy.

scholarly journals Contrasting SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Singapore: Cohort studies in migrant workers and the general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E Clapham ◽  
Wan Ni Chia ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Vishakha Kumar ◽  
Jane M Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Community Transmission

Abstract From January 2020, Singapore implemented comprehensive measures to suppress SARS-CoV-2. Community transmission has been limited, although explosive outbreaks have occurred in migrant worker dormitories. We conducted longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serology studies among 478 residents of a SARS-CoV-2 affected migrant worker dormitory between May and July 2020, and 937 community-dwelling adult Singapore residents with sera collected before September 2019 and in November/December 2020. By end 2020, <2 per 1000 (0.16%, 95% CrI: 0.008% - 0.72%) adult residents in the community were infected with SARS-CoV-2, approximately 4 times higher than the national notified case incidence. In contrast, in the migrant worker cohort, nearly two-thirds 63.8% (95% CrI: 57.9% - 70.3%) had been infected by July 2020; no symptoms were reported in >90% of these infections. SARS-CoV-2 suppression is feasible with rapid implementation of comprehensive control measures. However, the risk of large-scale epidemics in densely-populated environments requires specific consideration in preparedness planning.

Proximity to sex work sites is not associated with higher HIV prevalence in the general population in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle Kloek ◽  
Caroline Bulstra ◽  
Sungai Chabata ◽  
Elizabeth Fearon ◽  
Isaac Taramusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Survey Sample

Abstract In Zimbabwe, as in other East and Southern African countries, HIV prevalence is largely geographically heterogeneous. We determined if, and to what extent, this heterogeneity is associated with proximity to sex work sites by type of site (city, economic growth point, international, seasonal, or transport), using Demographic and Health Surveys location-specific HIV prevalence data—including 16,121 individuals (aged 15-49 years) from 400 sample locations—and Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research data on locations of 56 sex work sites throughout Zimbabwe. We conducted univariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression to determine the association between sex work proximity—calculated as the shortest distance by road from each survey sample location to the nearest sex work site—and HIV seropositivity. We found no association between locations of sex work and heterogeneity in HIV prevalence in the general population, possibly explained by the mobile nature of both female sex workers and their clients as individual-level indicators of sex work were still significantly associated with HIV.

Sources of Support for the Old Right: A Comparison of the John Birch Society and the Christian Anti-Communism Crusade

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
New Right ◽  
John Birch Society ◽  
New Christian Right ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Scholarly Attention

During the Reagan years, the New Right has been the focus of a great deal of scholarly attention. Some have studied the secular New Right movement (Crawford, 1980); others have focused on the contributors to New Right organizations (Guth and Green, 1984a, 1984b, and 1986). Some scholars have studied the organizations of the New Right (Latus, 1983); others have examined the processes by which these New Right organizations were formed (Guth, 1983; Liebman, 1983). A good deal of work has focused on the New Christian Right. Some studies have explored the sources of support for the Christian Right in the general population (Buell and Sigelman, 1985; Wilcox, 1987a; Sigelman et al., 1987), and others have examined the activists in Christian Right organizations (Wilcox, 1987b).

scholarly journals AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE ABOUT DENGUE AMONG SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
PATIL P. J. ◽  
PATIL V. S. ◽  
CHAUDHARI R. D. ◽  
MALU J. S.
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Objective: The survey about dengue was carried out to gather the information about dengue fever, create awareness among the people. To determined the index of knowledge, attitude and awareness among the surveyed population about dengue. Methods: The questionnaire was prepared under the guidance of a pharmacologist. Pilot study was conducted among ten nos. of the population prior actual study. Questionnaire was revised and finalized according to an input of the pilot study. This questionnaire presented to the hundred peoples of different age group. Method involves face to face interview and seeking answers for different questions. Responses were recorded for further analysis and interpretation. Responses were sorted and analyzed. Different questions were categorized into the domain of awareness, knowledge and attitude. Data was presented in the form of graphs. Results: Percentage of awareness, knowledge and attitude found to be 59, 44, 52 respectively. It is observed that three parameters are almost in the range of fifty percent. Precautions plays vital role in prevention of Dengue. Conclusion: it is concluded that there is scope for improvement for creating awareness, knowledge and attitude among the surveyed population as representative of the general population. This may help to overcome the risk of this communicable and deadly disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among dental teams in Germany

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mksoud ◽  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Birte Holtfreter ◽  
Andreas Söhnel ◽  
Carmen Söhnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Objectives During the corona pandemic, dental practices temporarily closed their doors to patients except for emergency treatments. Due to the daily occupational exposure, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among dentists and their team is presumed to be higher than that in the general population. This study examined this issue among dental teams across Germany. Materials and methods In total, 2784 participants provided usable questionnaires and dry blood samples. Dry blood samples were used to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The questionnaires were analyzed to investigate demographic data and working conditions during the pandemic. Multivariable logistic mixed-effects models were applied. Results We observed 146 participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (5.2%) and 30 subjects with a borderline finding (1.1%). Seventy-four out of the 146 participants with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies did not report a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test (50.7%), while 27 participants without SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test (1.1%). Combining the laboratory and self-reported information, the number of participants with a SARS-CoV-2 infection was 179 (6.5%). Though after adjustment for region, mixed-effects models indicated associations of use of rubber dams (OR 1.65; 95% CI: 1.01–2.72) and the number of protective measures (OR 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01–1.34) with increased risk for positive SARS-CoV-2 status, none of those variables was significantly associated with a SARS-CoV-2 status in fully adjusted models. Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was not higher among the dental team compared to the general population. Clinical relevance. Following hygienic regulations and infection control measures ensures the safety of the dental team and their patients.

scholarly journals Measles resurgence in France in 2008, a preliminary report

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parent du Châtelet ◽  
D Floret ◽  
D Antona ◽  
D Lévy-Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
And Control

Since the beginning of 2008, France has been experiencing a resurgence of measles. It started in a religious traditionalist group with low coverage and secondarily spread to the general population. This situation is the consequence of the insufficient vaccine coverage (less than 90 % at 24 months of age) which had led to the accumulation of susceptibles over the last years. More than 550 cases have been notified in 2008, the vast majority being unvaccinated. One measles-related death has occurred early 2009. Efforts to enhance communication to the general public and the health professionals on measles vaccination and control measures around cases are ongoing.

COVID-2019: Tests that Prove Vital for Respiratory Glands in Elderly and Pregnant Women: Tests, Symptoms and Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Technique ◽  
Deadly Disease

Interestingly an outbreak of sort occurred in December 2019, a deadly pandemic disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection took the largest populated country by storm. Human error?A question that needs an answer. A province that was the origin of this highly infected disease had placed millions in lockdown. Eventually, over a period of months, this deadly disease starts infecting millions more across the globe. In February this disease was eventually named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This mostly characterizes a pattern to infect the lungs. An early detection will lead to a diagnostic procedure and prevention. This review focuses on the eulogy, epidemic study and early detection technique and clinical symptoms along with control measures of COVID-19.

Patterns of sex work contact among men in the general population of Switzerland, 1987-2000

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jeannin ◽  
V Rousson ◽  
G Meystre-Agustoni ◽  
F Dubois-Arber
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sex Work
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