The Honnêête homme as Music Critic: Taste, Rhetoric, and Politesse in the 17th-Century French Reception of Italian Music

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-44
Author(s):  
DON FADER
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Italian Music ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT The French concept of Taste (goûût) has largely been viewed from an 18th-century tradition of aesthetics in which philosophers attempted to incorporate it into a rationalized systematic theory of musical expression. Its original 17th-century usage, however, was derived from the principles of classical rhetoric and noble etiquette, or politesse. Following the tenets of Cicero communicated by humanist writers, these principles require the ideal gentleman (the honnêête homme) to adapt his knowledge and talents (agrééments) to the requirements of good society just as an orator carefully chooses the appropriate rhetorical figures to convince and move his hearers. According to the principles of rhetoric, any overuse of figures (or agrééments) vitiates their very effectiveness by drawing attention to their artificiality. Thus the 17th-century understanding of taste required the concealment of labor, knowledge, and ““artifice”” behind an effortlessly ““natural”” and pleasing courtly facade. This concept of taste became influential in courtly contexts of amateur music-making in the early part of the century, when it was incarnated by Pierre de Nyert, whose manner of singing was hailed as the model of ““politesse du chant.”” The principles of politesse played a significant role in the controversy over Italian music, whose perceived overuse of ““learned”” musical figures (dissonance, chromaticism, and other techniques) was viewed as a bourgeois flaunting of musical talent and rhetorical artifice.

scholarly journals Organizacja rzemiosła i handlu w gminie ormiańskiej w Stanisławowie w XVII i XVIII wieku

Lehahayer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gliński
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
The City

Organization of crafts and trade in the Armenian commune inStanisławów in the 17th and 18th centuries “Orientalization” of artistic taste, which could be observed in 17thcenturyPoland, contributed to the development of crafts and trade in Stanisławów.The owners of the city, the Potocki family, were aware of the benefits that the Armeniansettlement carried. In the second half of the 17th and throughout the 18thcentury, a dozen or so Armenian merchant families from Stanisławów occupiedthemselves with trade in Wallachian and Moldavian farms. Both of these countriesplayed a significant role in the transit of goods from the East. In the last decadesof the 17th century, Stanisławów to some extent replaced in oriental trade KamieniecPodolski, which was then under the Turkish rule. In the 18th century, themain subject of trade for Stanisławów Armenians became oxen and horses, importedfrom Moldova via Pokucie, and then driven to markets in Lublin, Warsawand Gdańsk, or to Silesia. Several Armenian families from Stanisławów also tradedin dried fish from the Danube, morocco leather, silk and wine imported fromHungary. In the second half of the 18th century, trade in textiles and products of Armenian furriery in Stanisławów regressed due to being cut off from the marketsafter the first partition of Poland.

scholarly journals Ejermærker i Danmarks Kunstbiblioteks ældre samling 1754 til 1810

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kragelund
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
German Immigrant ◽  
Early Section ◽  
Athanasius Kircher ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Patrick Kragelund: Owners Marks in Early Aquisitions of the Danish National Art Library   The article provides a historical survey of owners’ marks, of exlibrises and superexlibrises in the early section (acquisitions 1754–1810) of the holdings of the Danish National Art Library. From the early part of this period a few royal gifts have been preserved, but the largest part of the material of relevance entered the library with the acquisition of the painter Nicolai Abildgaard’s books in 1810. It includes items with the superexlibris of King Charles XI of Sweden and Duke Friedrich III of Slesvig-Holstein-Gottorp (the latter a gift from Athanasius Kircher) and books from Danish 17th century private libraries, among which the author and translator Birgitta Thott. In the Royal Academy context, books once belonging to three of the early Dutch and German immigrant artists active in early 18th century Denmark such as Johann Coning, Otto de Willarts and Marcus Tuscher are of particular interest.  

KONSTRUKSI ISLAM DALAM KEKUASAAN NEGARA

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The relationship between Islam and state raises a controversy that includes two main groups;formalists and substantialists. Both of them intend to achieve a good social condition which is inaccordance with Islamic politics. The ideal form of good society to be achieved is principallydescribed in the main source of Islamic law, Al Qur’an and As Sunnah, as follows. A form of goodsociety should supprot equality and justice, egalitarianism, and democracy in its social community.The next problem is what the needed methods and instruments to achieve the ideal Islamic politicsare. In this case, the debate on the formalization and substance of Islamic teaching is related to therunning formal political institution.Each group claims itself to be the most representative to the ideal Islam that often leads to anescalating conflict. On the other hand thr arguments of both groups does not reach the wholeMuslims. As a result, the discourse of Islam and state seems to be elitist and political. As a result,Both groups suspect each other each other and try to utilize the controversy on the relationshipbetween Islam and state to get their own benefit which has no relation with the actualization ofIslamic teaching.

Ahiolohiya poetychnoyi zbirky Lazarya Baranovycha Żywoty świętych (1670)

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Olena Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Poetry Collection

The purpose of the article is the analysis of hagiology in Lazar Baranovych’s poetry collection entitled Żywoty świętych (1670). This includes the fulfi lment of such tasks: 1) To enumerate the saints mentioned in the poetry collection; 2) To determine to which church/epoch/place of worship or order of sainthood they belong; 3) To determine how full the saints’ details of biography are refl ected in the poetry collection mentioned above; 4) To understand Lazar Baranovych’s view on the topic of diff erent kinds of sainthood clearly; 5) To measure the actuality of his views given the context of the 18th century Ukraine. The results of the research are shared in the given article, showing how exactly Lazar Baranovych defi ned for himself the concept of the sainthood at the fi rst place. They also tell us about his views on the call for monkhood and family life and help us to reconstruct the images of the ideal spiritual shepherd, female Christian etc.

Fragmentation as a Challenge: Tribal and Sectrarian Identities in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Kleanthis Kyriakidis
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Tribal Identity ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Ideal

In the Arabian Gulf two identities can be really considered almost as important as the national one: the tribal and the sectarian ones. Someone should expect that the reinforcement of these identities is a direct response to inequality and processes of exclusion. Furthermore, parochial tribalism is expected to arise as the protector of cultural heritage, especially in a region where the ex-pats vastly outnumber the locals. Nonetheless, both statements are far from truth. In this paper we will analyze how in the Gulf, sectarian identity came to play a significant role only after the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran and it keeps on surviving through mainly instigations and Iranian propaganda, provocations and support. It should be noted that Sunni identity has been allegedly subjugated in other Middle East States (mainly in Syria and Iraq) but in the Gulf the sectarian challenge stems from the Shia communities, openly supported by Tehran. Strangely enough, the tribal identity does not pose that much of a challenge, since tribes are more the friend than the enemy of all Gulf States. Actually, these countries could not have survived without the loyalty and commitment of the tribes not only to the Royal families but also to the idea of the State and the ideal of the Nation – and Gulf Nations do protect their cultural heritage. Keywords: Gulf, Globalization, Fragmentation, Sectarianism, Tribalism

scholarly journals Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Modern Era

SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to the modern era which may be discerned in the labour movements of countries like France and England, cannot be found in Holland.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Revising the Assumption that Ḥadīṯ Studies Flourished in the 11th/17th-Century Ḥiǧāz: Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) Contribution

Arabica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Naser Dumairieh
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Core ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The Ḥiǧāz in the 11th/17th century has long been considered the center of a “revival” movement in ḥadīṯ studies. This assumption has spread widely among scholars of the 11th-/17th- and 12th-/18th-century Islamic world based on the fact that the isnāds of many major ḥadīṯ scholars from almost all parts of the Islamic world from the 11th/17th century onward return to a group of scholars in the Ḥiǧāz. The scholarly group that is assumed to have played a critical role in the flourishing of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz is called the al-Ḥaramayn circle or network. However, to date, there have been no studies that investigate what was actually happening in that century concerning ḥadīṯ studies. Examining the actual ḥadīṯ studies of one of the scholars at the core of al-Ḥaramayn circle, i.e. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī, will unpack the main interest of Ḥiǧāzī scholars in ḥadīṯ literature, reveal previously unstudied aspects of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz, correct some unexamined assumptions, and situate the ḥadīṯ efforts of scholars of the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz within a general framework of developments within ḥadīṯ studies.

Conversations with the Malabar Pagans (according to the Documents of the Danish Royal Tranquebar Mission)

2021 ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Kseniia D. Nikolskaia
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The University ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Coromandel Coast

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Danish East India company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni) was established in Europe. In particular, Tranquebar (Dansborg fortress) became the stronghold of the Danes in India. In another hundred years, at the very beginning of the 18th century, the first Lutheran missionaries appeared on the Coromandel coast. At this time the Danish Royal mission was established in Tranquebar, funded by king Frederick IV. It consisted mainly of Germans who graduated from the University of the Saxon city of Halle. Those missionaries not only actively preached among the local population, but also studied languages of the region, translated Gospels into local languages and then published it in the printing house they created. They also trained neophytes from among the local children. One of the first missionaries in Tranquebar was pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, who lived in India from 1706 to 1719. Information about Pastor's activities in the Royal Danish mission has been preserved in his letters and records. These letters and papers were regularly printed in Halle in the reports of the Royal Danish Mission («Ausführliche Berichte an, die von der königlichen dänischen Missionaren aus Ost-Indien»). However, besides letters and reports, this edition constantly published texts of a special kind, called «conversations» (das Gespräch). They looked like dialogues between pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and local religious authorities. Those brahmans explained the basic principles of the Hindu religion, and their opponent showed them the absurdity of their creed by comparing it with the main tenets of Christianity. The following is a translation of one of these dialogues.

The ‘Genius of language’

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schlaps
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Static Concept ◽  
Interior Part

Summary The so-called ‘genius of language’ may be regarded as one of the most influential, and versatile, metalinguistic metaphors used to describe vernacular languages from the 17th century onwards. Over the centuries, philosophers, grammarians, trans­lators and language critics etc. wrote of the ‘genius of language’ in a wide range of text types and with reference to various linguistic positions so that a set of rather diverse types of the concept was created. This paper traces three prominent stages in the development of the ‘genius of language’ argument and, by identifying some of the most frequent types as they evolved in the context of the various linguistic dis­courses, endeavours to show the major transformations of the concept. While early on, discussion of the stylistic and grammatical type of the ‘genius of language’ concentrates on surface features in the languages considered, during the middle of the 18th century, the ‘genius of language’ is relocated to the semantic, interior part of language. With the 19th-century notion of an organological ‘genius of language’, the former static concept is personified and recast in a dynamic form until, taken to its nationalistic extremes, the ‘genius of language’ argument finally ceases to be of any epistemological and scientific value.

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