scholarly journals Toxicity of Miana Leaf (Coleus blumei) Extract Against Houseflies (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Surahmaida Surahmaida ◽  
Umarudin Umarudin
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Knockdown Effect ◽  
Made In

Houseflies (Musca domestica) is an disease-carrying insect  that plays an important role in the spread of disease in humans and animals. One way to control houseflies is using Miana leaves (Coleus blumei) as botanical pesticide. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical compounds contained in Miana leaf as well as determine the optimal concentration of Miana leaf extract in causing knockdown effect in houseflies. Miana leaf fine powder was soaked with methanol (maceration) for 3 days followed byphytochemical screening (chemical reagents and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) and anti-houseflies toxicity tests. Testing of methanolic extract of Miana leaves was made in the form of spray using the knockdown method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and observed in 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The results of phytochemical screening with chemical reagents showed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids; while the results of GCMS analysis showed 8 bioactive compounds. The results of the study revealed that at a concentration of 30% and 40%, methanolic extract of Miana leaves could result in a knockdown effect that was accompanied by death with a percentage value of 100% in the first 5 minutes of observation. This research shows that methanolic extract of Miana leaves can be used as an alternative to botanical pesticides in controlling houseflies (Musca domestica).

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Plants Producing Tannin-protein Complex for a-amylase as Botanical Pesticide

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asriyah Firdausi ◽  
Tri Agus Siswoyo ◽  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon

Research  on  the  development  of  botanical  pesticides  should  be developed  through  new  methods,  such  as  by  inhibiting the  activity  of  digestive enzymes  by  secondary  metabolites.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  identify some  of  potential  plants  as  a  source  of  tannin-protein  complexes  to  inhibitthe  activity  of  - amylase.  The  study  of  identification  of  potential  plants producing  the  active  ingredient  tannin-protein  complex  was  divided  into  three stages,  1)  identification  of  potential  plants  producing  tannin,  2)  isolation  of tannin-protein  complexes,  and  3)  in  vitro  test  of  tannin-protein  complexes effect  of  the  -amylase activity.  Some  of  the observed  plants  were  sidaguri  leaf (Sida rhombifolia), melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon), gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium),lamtoro  leaf  (Leucaena  leucocephala) ,  betel  nut  (Areca  catechu) ,  and  crude gambier  (Uncaria  gambir) a s  a  source of  tannins  and  melinjo  seed was  used  asprotein  source.  Betel  nut  and  melinjo  seed  were  the  best  source  of  tannin-protein  complex,  tannin  content  1.77  mg  TAE/mL  with  antioxidant  activity  of  90%,the  ability  to  inhibit  the  activity  of  -amylase by  95%  with  IC 50  values  of 10 mg/mL.Key words: Tannin, protein, -amylase, botanical pesticides,Areca catechu, Gnetum gnemon.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4906
Author(s):  
Jurriën W. Collet ◽  
Thomas R. Roose ◽  
Bram Weijers ◽  
Bert U. W. Maes ◽  
Eelco Ruijter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Insertion Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Made In ◽  
Rapid Incorporation

Isocyanides have long been known as versatile chemical reagents in organic synthesis. Their ambivalent nature also allows them to function as a CO-substitute in palladium-catalyzed cross couplings. Over the past decades, isocyanides have emerged as practical and versatile C1 building blocks, whose inherent N-substitution allows for the rapid incorporation of nitrogeneous fragments in a wide variety of products. Recent developments in palladium catalyzed isocyanide insertion reactions have significantly expanded the scope and applicability of these imidoylative cross-couplings. This review highlights the advances made in this field over the past eight years.

THOMAS WILLIS ON THE TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY (1667)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Fine Powder ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
New Born ◽  
Made In

Although Thomas Willis (1621-1675) was not specially devoted to diseases of children, his writings occasionally contained items relating to this subject that were sufficiently important to be quoted by subsequent writers on pediatrics. This is how Willis viewed the preventive and therapeutic management of epilepsy. A Man in this Neighborhood, had all his Children dead of Convulsions, within three months after they were born. At length, to prevent the same Fate in a Son of his that was new-born, he thought proper to try the Power of Medicine. I was called to him a few days after the Birth, and ordered an Issue in the first Place to be made in his Neck, and that two Ounces of Blood should be drawn next Day at the Neck, by the Application of Leeches. I advised besides, that for three Days before each Change of the Moon, and again before the Full, about five Grains of the following Powder should be given him Morning and Evening in a Spoonful of the Julap. Take prepared Human Skull, the Root of Male-Peony, of each one Drachm. Pearls in Powder, half a Drachm. Mix them all together, and make a very fine Powder. Take of Black Cherry-Water, three Ounces. The Antepileptick Water of Langius, and Ounce. Syrup of the Flowers of Male-Peony, six Drachms. I likewise ordered the Nurse to take a Draught of Whey, in which the Roots and Seeds of Male-Peony, and the Leaves of Lilly of the Valley had been boiled, twice every Day at the same Hours.

scholarly journals A case study on botanical pesticides and vermicompost fertilizer for adopting new agricultural practice by farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Manoj Kaphle ◽  
Nagendra Bastakoti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Measuring Frequency ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

For last 3 years, vegetable growers from Devdaha and Kerawani VDC of Rupandehi and Daunnedevi and Rupaulia VDC of Nawalparasi districts Nepal are concerned to minimize the practices of using chemical pesticides exploring several options. Action research was carried out to dessiminate the effect of botanical pesticide and vermi-compost fertilizer with major aspects: perception and adaptation. Household surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out which was analyzed measuring frequency; percentage; indexing; mean and standard deviation. Results show that the adoption rate of botanical-pesticides and vermicompost was increased by 45% and 60% respectively. More than 80% farmers were motivated towards the use of vermi-compost and botanical pesticides. Vermi-compost was also found cost efficient comparing with Urea. More could have been done in transforming conventional farming into an organic one in studied area, where commercial olericulture has been seen as a booming business.

DDT Resistance in an Italian Strain of Musca domestica L.

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mary Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Comparative Toxicity ◽  
Ddt Resistance

1. Flies of 9–10 and 16–19 days old were more susceptible to DDT than 4–5-day-old flies. Female flies were less susceptible than males, and large flies less susceptible than small flies to residual deposits of DDT. It is clearly important that flies used in comparative toxicity tests should be standardised for age, sex and size.2. The strain Torre in Pietra was 3·6 times more resistant to dry deposits of DDT on Essex board than the Roma strain, but this resistance declined after culturing the strain in the laboratory for 22 generations.3. The DDT-resistant strain (Torre in Pietra) was as susceptible as the non-resistant (Roma) strain to deposits of γ BHC on Essex board but was slightly resistant to pyrethrins.4. The DDT resistance of the Torre in Pietra strain was increased readily by selection, yet a similar selection with DDT on the Roma strain was unsuccessful. This failure in the Roma strain may be due to the purity of the stock.

scholarly journals Exploration of Swampland Plants in South Kalimantan and the Toxicity Test Against Armyworms (Spodoptera sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah ◽  
Gusti Khairun Ni'mah ◽  
Ari Jumadi Kinardi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
The Family

This research aims  explored  swampland plants in South Kalimantan which have potential as a botanical pesticides and compared the levels of toxicity between the swampland plants extracts     against armyworms (<em>Spodoptera</em> sp). The exploration of plants that have the potential as botanical pesticides was carried out in the swamps of South Kalimantan, while the toxicity test was carried out in the Basic Laboratory of  the Kalimantan Islamic University of  Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin. The research  was carried out by exploring plants that have the potential as botanical pesticides carried out by collecting samples of swampland plants in South Kalimantan which are commonly used by rural communities as materials for controlling insects such as mosquitoes and plant pests, plants used for traditional medicine, plants used for kill animals for example to find fish. The plants found identified to species level, at least to the family level, then a toxicity test were carried out to determine the LC<sub>50</sub> by probit analysis. The results of this research showed that there are 3 plant spesies of plant that have the potential as botanical pesticide, namely karamunting (<em>Melastoma malabathricum</em>); gelinggang (<em>Cassia alata</em>); and galam (<em>Melaleuca cajuputi</em>). The basis for the selection of South Kalimantan swampland plants is plants that are commonly used by the community as an ingredient for controlling insects such as mosquitoes and plant pests. The highest levels of toxicity between the extracts of all swampland plants in South Kalimantan to armyworms (<em>Spodoptera</em> sp) were galam (<em>Melaleuca cajuputi</em>) with 429.04 g/l of LC<sub>50</sub>; then karamunting (<em>Melastoma malabathricum</em>) with 447.995 g/l LC<sub>50, </sub>while the lowest toxicity was gelinggang (<em>Cassia alata</em>) with 498.301 g/l LC<sub>50</sub>.<br /><p class="Default"> </p><p>Key words: Probit analysis, LC<sub>50</sub>, toxicity, exploration, swampland</p>

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS BIOPESTISIDA BACILLUS SUBTILIS BNt 8 DAN PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT HAWAR PELEPAH DAN UPIH DAUN JAGUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Nurasiah Djaenuddin ◽  
Amran Muis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Blight Disease

Effectiveness of the biopesticide of Bacillus subtilis BNt 8 and botanical pesticide in controlling banded leaf and sheath blight disease on maize. Banded leaf and sheath blight disease (BLSB) caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani is difficult to control because it pertained soil borne fungus that can survive in a long time in the soil. Control the disease with synthetic pesticide causing contamination to the environment, so that an environmentally friendly alternative control is needed. This study aimed to obtain a Bacillus subtilis formulation as biological agents and selected botanical pesticides that effective to control BLSB in the field. The study was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Indonesia Cereals Research Institutein Maros and at the Bajeng Experimental Farm in Gowa, held from February to August 2015. The reatments consists of several botanical pesticides, B. subtilis formulation, a synthetic fungicide, positive and negative controls. In vitro test was inhibition test between botanical pesticide with R. solani and antagonistic test between the B. subtilis and botanical pesticides, each of them consists of 6 treatments and 3 replications, while the field activity consists of test of effectiveness of single treatment and combination between B. subtilis formulation and botanical pesticides. The results showed that combination of formulated B. subtilis with botanical pesticide of cloves leaves, betel leaves, and turmeric were not significantly different from single treatment of formulated B. subtilis and botanical pesticides. Formulated B. subtilis suppressed the severity of BLSB as much as 39.1% and yield reached 8.4 t/ha.

scholarly journals FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN LEAVES AND STEM OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
VIDYA V. KAMBLE ◽  
NIKHIL B. GAIKWAD
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content

Objective: The objective of the present study is to carry out fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities using different solvent extract in leaves and stem of Embelia ribes. Methods: In the present study, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities of leaves and stem of E. ribes are carried out using standard procedures. Result: The fluorescence analysis under visible and ultraviolet light for leaves and stem powder of E. ribes treated with various chemical reagents shown different fluorescence effect. In the phytochemical analysis, the methanolic extract of leaves has shown the highest total alkaloid content (19.05±0.42 mg CE/g DW), followed by the stem. The methanolic extract of stem exhibited highest total phenolic content (59.82±2.98 mg GAE/g DW), and ethanolic extract showed highest total flavonoid content (10.05±0.36 mg RE/g DW), followed by leaves. The ethanolic extract of stem possesses highest antioxidant activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (84.86±0.11%), whereas methanolic extract of stem reported highest FRAP activity (72.22±0.31 mg Fe+2E/g DW), followed by leaves. Antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) were significantly correlated with TPC. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the fluorescence analysis of leaves and stem of E. ribes can be helpful for the standardization and quality control of indigenous drug. Both leaves and stem serve as the good source of secondary metabolite and antioxidant agents.

Research on the Development of Botanical Pesticide Based on Analysis of Scientific Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
The Future

This paper describes the history and development of botanical pesticides, analyze the active ingredients of plant pesticide and the application in pest control and with the work practice make ​​a proper study on the future development of botanical pesticides, in order to promote the development of botanical pesticides, developed more and better economic, efficient and pollution-free new pesticides, the benefit of mankind.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HPTLC ANALYSIS OF PIPPALIMULA (ROOT OF Piper longum LINN.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Krutika Joshi ◽  
Neel Patel ◽  
V.J. Shukla ◽  
K. Nishteswar ◽  
Mandip Goyale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Crude Drugs

Pippalimula (root of Piper longum Linn.) is the spice of Indian cuisine having immense therapeutic properties. The study was conducted to evaluate Physicochemical, phytochemical analysis and HPTLC analysis using specific solvent system for Pippalimula. Material and Methods: Fine powder of Grade I Pippalimula (root of Piper longum Linn.) and alchoholic extract were obtained and subjected to phytochemical analysis and chromatographic study.Discussion: Physicochemical analysis of the root was carried out. HPTLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the root powder was performed with Toluene: Ethyl acitate 9:1.(v/v) Conclusion: HPTLC analysis of root of Piper longum Linn.can provide standard analysis with selected solvent system and can be used as a reference for the authentication and quality control of the drug. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document