scholarly journals Exploration of Swampland Plants in South Kalimantan and the Toxicity Test Against Armyworms (Spodoptera sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah ◽  
Gusti Khairun Ni'mah ◽  
Ari Jumadi Kinardi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
The Family

This research aims  explored  swampland plants in South Kalimantan which have potential as a botanical pesticides and compared the levels of toxicity between the swampland plants extracts     against armyworms (<em>Spodoptera</em> sp). The exploration of plants that have the potential as botanical pesticides was carried out in the swamps of South Kalimantan, while the toxicity test was carried out in the Basic Laboratory of  the Kalimantan Islamic University of  Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin. The research  was carried out by exploring plants that have the potential as botanical pesticides carried out by collecting samples of swampland plants in South Kalimantan which are commonly used by rural communities as materials for controlling insects such as mosquitoes and plant pests, plants used for traditional medicine, plants used for kill animals for example to find fish. The plants found identified to species level, at least to the family level, then a toxicity test were carried out to determine the LC<sub>50</sub> by probit analysis. The results of this research showed that there are 3 plant spesies of plant that have the potential as botanical pesticide, namely karamunting (<em>Melastoma malabathricum</em>); gelinggang (<em>Cassia alata</em>); and galam (<em>Melaleuca cajuputi</em>). The basis for the selection of South Kalimantan swampland plants is plants that are commonly used by the community as an ingredient for controlling insects such as mosquitoes and plant pests. The highest levels of toxicity between the extracts of all swampland plants in South Kalimantan to armyworms (<em>Spodoptera</em> sp) were galam (<em>Melaleuca cajuputi</em>) with 429.04 g/l of LC<sub>50</sub>; then karamunting (<em>Melastoma malabathricum</em>) with 447.995 g/l LC<sub>50, </sub>while the lowest toxicity was gelinggang (<em>Cassia alata</em>) with 498.301 g/l LC<sub>50</sub>.<br /><p class="Default"> </p><p>Key words: Probit analysis, LC<sub>50</sub>, toxicity, exploration, swampland</p>

PERAN KELUARGA DALAM MEMANTAU KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PENDERITA HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Family

Abstract : Hypertension or high blood pressure is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the arteries continuously over a period. The dangers of hypertension can lead to damage to various organs including kidneys, brain, heart, eye, causing vascular resistance and stroke. Hypertension takes care of the old and continuously. One effective way to lower blood pressure is to obediently take medicine so that it takes the role of families in monitoring patients taking the medication. With the participation of the family are expected to hypertension sufferers can be controlled. This study aims to determine the family's role in monitoring the adherence of hypertensive patients. The study was conducted in rural communities Slahung Ponorogo, a representative sample of 53 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Quantitative design with cross sectional design of the study the family's role in monitoring the adherence of hypertensive patients. Instruments in this study using questionnaires and observation sheets. The results of 53 respondents obtained the majority of the 29 respondents (55%) has the role of both families and 24 respondents (45%) families have a bad role in monitoring medication adherence. Age and education contribute to determining the role family. Intermediate (41-60 years old) and college education contribute to determining the role well. Conversely > 61 years of elementary education and contribute in a bad role.Keywords : the role of the family, medication adherence, hypertension. Abstrak : Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu peningkatan abnormal tekanan darah dalam pembuluh darah arteri secara terus-menerus lebih dari suatu periode. Bahaya hipertensi dapat memicu rusaknya berbagai organ tubuh diantaranya: ginjal, otak, jantung, mata, menyebabkan resistensi pembuluh darah dan stroke. Penyakit hipertensi membutuhkan perawatan yang lama dan terus menerus. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk menurunkan tekanan darah adalah dengan patuh minum obat sehingga dibutuhkan peran keluarga dalam memantau minum obat penderita. Dengan adanya peran serta keluarga diharapkan penyakit hipertensi penderita dapat terkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keluarga dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat desa Slahung Ponorogo,sampel representatif sejumlah 53 responden diambil secara Purposive Sampling. Desain kuantitatif dengan rancangan Cross sectional yang mempelajari peran keluarga dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian dari 53 responden didapatkan sebagian besar 29 responden (55 %) keluarga mempunyai peran baik dan 24 responden (45 %) keluarga mempunyai peran buruk dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat. Faktor usia dan pendidikan berkontribusi dalam menentukan peran keluarga. Usia madya (41-60 tahun) dan jenjang pendidikan perguruan tinggi berkontribusi dalam menentukan peran baik. Sebaliknya > 61 tahun dan jenjang pendidikan SD berkontribusi dalam peran buruk.Kata Kunci : peran keluarga, kepatuhan minum obat, penyakit hipertensi.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Conditions and Landowners’ Perception Affect the Intention to Restore Polylepis Forests in the Central Andes of Peru

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Lunel Joseph ◽  
Raúl Marino Yaranga Cano ◽  
Marco Arizapana-Almonacid ◽  
Marcela Venelli Pyles ◽  
Flávia Freire de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Family ◽  
Andes Region

Research Highlights: Families more dependent on crops as the main source of income of properties have a greater intention of restoring Polylepis forest areas. However, this intention reduces with the increase of family dependence on subsistence products supplied by Polylepis forests. Properties where the chances of restoration of Polylepis forests are greater are those where the educational and technical level is better. Objectives: We aimed to comprehend which socioeconomic factors of rural properties and families’ perception were determinant for the intention to restore Polylepis forests in the Central Andes region of Peru. Material and Methods: We collected data through visits and the application of questionnaires. We selected 13 rural communities in the Tulumayo River Basin. We randomly sampled 10 to 20 families in each community, depending on its size, totaling 200 families. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to test which variables affect the intention to restore the forest. Results: When crops are the main source of income in the property, the families have more intention to restore Polylepis areas, on the other hand, when Polylepis forests are an important source of products for the family subsistence, the intention to restore forests reduces, indicating that higher technological status has a positive impact on restoration. The perception that Polylepis forests are important for the existence of water sources had a positive impact on the families’ intention to restore the areas. However, the perception that Polylepis forests are important for native flora persistence had a negative impact on the intention to restore their areas. Conclusions: Our results showed that investment in improving the productivity of the properties and in the education of their landowners should increase the success of eventual programs for restoration of Polylepis forests.

scholarly journals Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽  
Irence John ◽  
Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Plants Producing Tannin-protein Complex for a-amylase as Botanical Pesticide

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asriyah Firdausi ◽  
Tri Agus Siswoyo ◽  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon

Research  on  the  development  of  botanical  pesticides  should  be developed  through  new  methods,  such  as  by  inhibiting the  activity  of  digestive enzymes  by  secondary  metabolites.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  identify some  of  potential  plants  as  a  source  of  tannin-protein  complexes  to  inhibitthe  activity  of  - amylase.  The  study  of  identification  of  potential  plants producing  the  active  ingredient  tannin-protein  complex  was  divided  into  three stages,  1)  identification  of  potential  plants  producing  tannin,  2)  isolation  of tannin-protein  complexes,  and  3)  in  vitro  test  of  tannin-protein  complexes effect  of  the  -amylase activity.  Some  of  the observed  plants  were  sidaguri  leaf (Sida rhombifolia), melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon), gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium),lamtoro  leaf  (Leucaena  leucocephala) ,  betel  nut  (Areca  catechu) ,  and  crude gambier  (Uncaria  gambir) a s  a  source of  tannins  and  melinjo  seed was  used  asprotein  source.  Betel  nut  and  melinjo  seed  were  the  best  source  of  tannin-protein  complex,  tannin  content  1.77  mg  TAE/mL  with  antioxidant  activity  of  90%,the  ability  to  inhibit  the  activity  of  -amylase by  95%  with  IC 50  values  of 10 mg/mL.Key words: Tannin, protein, -amylase, botanical pesticides,Areca catechu, Gnetum gnemon.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa Linn.) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ELEKTRIK TERHADAP MORTALITAS NYAMUK Culex sp. L.

Pro-Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Aseptianova Aseptianova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Natural Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Culex Sp

Mosquito Culex sp. L. is a vector of elephantiasis disease, prevention effort of elephantiasis vector is usually done by using chemical and natural insecticide. In the leaves of turmeric can be used as a natural insecticide in the prevention of elephantiasis vector disease. The objectives of this research are (1) to know the effect of turmeric extract ((Curcuma longa Linn.) As electrical insecticide to mortality of Culex sp. L. (2) To know the concentration of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa Linn.) Which is effective to be used as an electric insecticide against mortality of Culex sp. L. expressed by the toxicity test of LC50 and LT50. The method used in this research is an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) which consists of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Based on research result of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa Linn.) Have a very significant effect on mortality of Culex sp. L. with sig value 0,000 <sig value. 0.05. The probit analysis of LC50 of turmeric leaves extract on mortality of Culex sp. L. is 44, 840 ml, meaning that at that concentration has occurred 50% mortality of total mosquito. The probit analysis of LT50 turmeric leaves extract on mortality of Culex sp. L. for 1.825 hours.   Keywords: turmeric leaves extract, mortality Culex sp. L. mosquito

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS DARI EKSTRAK LAMUN JENIS Thalassia hemprichii DARI PERAIRAN KALASEY DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Faradila Y. Karim ◽  
Nickson J Kawung ◽  
Billy Th. Wagey
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
A Value ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACTBioactive compounds that are suspected of having anticancer activity are first tested for activity by means of a toxicity test. The purpose of this test is to obtain data on the ability of the activity of a bioactive compound to kill cells at small doses so as to obtain a lethal concentration or lethal data. These two measurements are often called LC50 or LD50, concentrations that can kill 50% of test animals. This study aims to test the cytotoxic activity of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method.The results of the study showed that the mortality of Artemia salina larvae was influenced by the concentration of the test, meaning that the higher the concentration the more test animals died. Furthermore, the results of the probit analysis contained the toxicity activity of bio active compounds from seagrasses where the LC50 was 3.95 mg / l. A substance is declared to have the potential for cytotoxic activity if it has a value of LC50 at concentrations <1000 ppm for extracts and at concentrations <30 ppm for a compound. Keywords: Cytotoxic Activity, Thalassia hemprichii, Brine shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)  

Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Desti Pratiwi ◽  
Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽  
Eko Sulistyo ◽  
Camellia Panatarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

scholarly journals The use of mice as animal model for testing acute toxicity (LD-50) of toxic shock syndrome toxin

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Dias ◽  
L.S. Carmo ◽  
L.G.D. Heneine ◽  
P.H. Rocha ◽  
C.F. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Acute toxicity test (LD-50) using toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) was tested in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and Swiss mice. Animals (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected with TSST-1 (0.01-10.0µg/mouse) followed 4h later by potentiating dose of lipopolysaccharide (75.0µg of LPS - E. coli O111:B4) and cumulative mortality was recorded over 72h. Control animals received either TSST-1 or LPS alone. The data were submitted to qui-Square test and acute toxicity test was calculated by probit analysis (confidence limits expressed as µg toxin/kg). BALB/c mice was the most sensitive (20.0µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.0-92.0) followed by C57BL/6 (38.5µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.11- 401.6). Data from Swiss mice was not conclusive, indicating only low sensitivity. Selection of the animal model and standardization of the experiment are fundamental for the development of serum neutralization tests used for final quality control of vaccine production.

Revitalising the self-sufficient household economy: the Social Land Programme in Hungary

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Judit Csoba ◽  
Flórián Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Physical Environment

The authors introduce the Social Land Programmes, Hungary. Social Land Programmes aim to strengthen self-sufficiency and reduce reliance on social aid by helping people with no financial means to engage with small-scale agriculture. The case study investigated eight rural communities participating in a Social Land Programme. Innovative features include bottom up organisation designed and carried out locally (in contrast to top-down public employment programmes in Hungary). For local leaders, producing food and improving living standard are its main points. They also see various other benefits that include improving the social and physical environment and passing on positive role models within the family. However, they consider national goals of increased employment and self-sustainability to be over optimistic.

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