scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Local Plants from Lom and Sawang Ethnics as Antimalarial Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Henny Helmi ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah ◽  
Wiwied Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Native People ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
Biochemical Compound ◽  
Local Plants

<p>Native people or ethnic societies that live in endemic malaria islands such as in Bangka Island and Belitung Island have used many medicinal plants to cure malaria. Leaves of <em>kesembung</em> (<em>Scaevola taccada</em> (Gaertn Roxb), roots of <em>kebentak</em> (<em>Wikstroemia androsaemofolia</em> Decne), and roots of medang <em>mencena</em> (<em>Dapniphyllum laurinum </em>(Benth) are the examples. This research was aimed to investigate the present of some biochemical compound and evaluate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of the plants against <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> 3D7 in vitro. The IC50 level was determined through visual observation under microscope over 5000 of giemsa-stained erythrocytes then analyzed by probit analysis. Results showed that kebentak root ethanol extract was effective to inhibit P. falciparum 3D7 with level 0.485 µg/mL. Furthermore, the IC50 level of <em>kesembung</em> leaves and <em>medang</em> root were 44.352 µg/mL and 1486.678 µg/mL respectively. Phytochemical test result showed that <em>kebentak</em> leaf ethanol crude extract contained triterpenoid, <em>kesembung</em> root contained phenol and tannins; moreover, <em>medang</em> root contained alkaloid, saponin, and triterpenoid.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Helmi, H., Afriyansyah, B. &amp; Ekasari, W. (2016). The Effectiveness of Local Plants from Lom and Sawang Ethnics as Antimalarial Medicine. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(2), 193-200.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Effects of anthelminthic of ethanol extract of basil (Ocimum americanum) leaf against Ascaris suum death in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
OKKIE MHARGA SENTANA ◽  
SRI HARYATI ◽  
YUL MARIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocimum Americanum

Sentana OM, Haryati S, Mariyah Y. 2011. Effects of anthelminthic of ethanol extract of basil (Ocimum americanum) leaf against Ascaris suum death in vitro. Biofarmasi 9: 1-6. This research aimed to examine the relationship between the ethanol extract of basil leaf against Ascaris suum mortality rate in vitro. This study was a laboratory experiment with a research design of the post-test with controlled group design. The samples were Ascaris suum Goeze that still actively moved and obtained from pig intestines. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling by equating the type and the length of worms, and it did not distinguished for the sex of worms. The subjects were divided into five groups, each group consisted of 5 worms and repeated in 6 times. The control group contained 25 mL of physiological saline solution and 25 mL pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/mL. Three other groups contained basil leaves extracts consisted of various concentrations, i.e. 30%, 40% and 50%. The number of dead worms was counted every 2 hours until all the worms in the group died. The data were analyzed by using a linear regression analysis and a probit analysis. Simple linear regression statistical test showed a significance correlation at 0.000 with 0.837 correlation coefficient was negative, R square 0.701, in which the significant correlation <0.05 or the value of 37.565 with a significance of means, there was a negative relationship between the length of time of death of worms with large concentrations of basil extract. Analysis using a probit analysis obtained LC50 at a concentration of 40% and LT50 at a concentration of 40% was 2 hours. The ethanol extract of basil leaf could affect the death of A. suum in vitro with LC50 at a concentration of 40% and LT50 at a concentration of 40% was 2 hours.

Antimalaria Activity of Cassia spectabilis DC Leaf and Its Inhibition Effect in Heme Detoxification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwied - Ekasari ◽  
Dewi Resty Basuki ◽  
Heny - Arwati ◽  
Tutik Sri Wahy
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Cassia Spectabilis ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Chloroquine Diphosphate ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background In previous studies, Cassia spectabilis DC leaf has shown a good antimalarial activity. Therefore, this study is a follow-up study of leaf activity and mechanism of C. spectabilis DC as an antimalarial. Methods In vitro antimalarial activity testing using P. falciparum which was done with bioassay guide isolation in order to obtain the active compound. In vivo testing towards infected P. berghei mice was conducted to determine the effects of antimalarial prophylaxis and antimalarial activity in combination with artesunate. Whereas, heme detoxification inhibition testing as one of the antimalarial mechanisms was carried out using the Basilico method. Results The results showed that active antimalarial isolate obtained from C. spectabilis DC leaf had a structural pattern that was identical to (-)-7-hydroxyspectaline. Prophylactic test on infected P. berghei mice obtained the highest dose of inhibition percentage of 90% ethanol extract of C. spectabilis DC leaf was 68.61% while positive (doxycycline) control at 100 mg kg-1 was 73.54%. In antimalarial testing in combination with artesunate, it was found that administering 150 mg kg-1 (three times a day) of C. spectabilis DC (D0 − D2) + artesunate (D2) was better than the standard combination of amodiaquine + artesunate with 99.18% and 92.88% inhibition percentage. For the inhibitory activity of heme detoxification from ethanol extract 90%, C. spectabilis DC leaf had IC50 value of 0.375 mg mL-1 which was better than chloroquine diphosphate. Conclusion These results showed that C. spectabilis DC leaves possesses potent antimalarial activity and may offer a potential agent for effective and affordable antimalarial phytomedicine.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity Ethanol Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Against Ascaridia galli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vanna Lidya Kharisma ◽  
Setiawan Koesdarto ◽  
Koesnoto Supriandono ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽  
Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

The aims of this research are to determine concentration, exposure time, interaction between concentration and exposure time of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves to cause death toward Ascaridia galli in vitro, and the value of LC50 and LC90 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves. Research design that has been used in the research was completely randomized design. This research used 200 samples of Ascaridia galli with length 7-11 cm without differentiating their sex. The concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves were 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%. The control was using CMC-Na 0.5%. Each treatment then being replicated four times. The observation and recording of dead worm were done at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Ascaridia galli were declared dead if there was no movement while disturbed by anatomy tweezers and dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using Anova Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test by SPSS for Windows 22. The result were 10% concentration and exposure time for 24 hours caused the most mortality toward Ascaridia galli. Interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted 10% concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves in 24 hours caused the most mortality towards Ascaridia galli. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves. The results were LC50 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves at 6 hours was 14.8%, at 12 hours was 4.8% and at 24 hours was 3.0% and the LC90 at 24 hours was 9.1%.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Permot Leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) Towards Mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Intan Nurcahya ◽  
Ratna Damayanti ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Agus Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

This study had three fold objective which were finding the effectiveness of ethanol extract of permot leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) towards mortality of Rhpicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) larvae in vitro and also identifying lethal concentration and lethal time. Completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replications. Five R. sanguineus were used in the treatment for all replication. The observation of mortality was done every ten minutes in five hours. Rhpicephalus sanguineus larvae were dead if there was no movement. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and followed by Duncan’s test. The obtained data showed that ethanol extract of permot’s leaf ethanol extract was effective toward mortality of R. sanguineus larvae in vitro. The suspension of 10% extract concentration of permot leaf ethanol extract has a similar effectiveness as Noticks®. Probit analysis stated that LC50 can be reached by using the 4% concentration in two hours and 2.4% concentration in five hours. LC95 can be reached by using the 6.5% concentration in two hours and 3.93% concentration in five hours. The quickest LT50 can be reached in 0.91 hours and LT95 ­2.37 hours after treatment with 10% concentration.

scholarly journals Skrining Aktivitas Antimalaria Beberapa Tanaman Indonesia Hasil Eksplorasi Dari Hutan Raya Cangar, Batu-Malang, Jawa Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Achmad Fuad Hafid ◽  
Nike Puliansari ◽  
Nur Suci Lestari ◽  
Lidya Tumewu ◽  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: Malaria is the most important parasitic disease. Malaria control which depends on specific chemotherapy now complicated by resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to most commonly available antimalarial drug. Such situation has heralded the need for alternative antimalarial therapy. Objective: This research aim was to find new antimalarial candidates from some Indonesia plants collected from Cangar National Forest, Batu-Malang, East Java. Methods: Eleven samples of leaves and stem extracts were screened against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 culture which maintained in RPMI-1640 Medium. Samples tested in concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml. Probit analysis was used to determine IC50. Results: In vitro antimalarial activity revealed that only three crude extracts samples from Fraxinus griffithi stem extract, Piper sulcatum leaves extract and Eucalyptus globulus stem extract had good antimalarial activity with IC50 value of 0.33, 0.20 and 0.55 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: Fraxinus griffithi stem extract, Piper sulcatum leaves extract and Eucalyptus globulus stem extract might be a good candidate for antimalarial natural product resources.

scholarly journals Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Dwi Widya Pratiwi ◽  
Zelmira Amanda ◽  
Suciati ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antimalarial Agent ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background. Each part of H. annuus plants is traditionally used as medicinal remedies for several diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of the leaf and the seed has already been observed; however, there is no report about antimalarial activity of the other parts of H. annuus plants. In this study, we assess in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of each part of the plants and its mechanism as antimalarial agent against inhibition of heme detoxification. Objective. To investigate the antimalarial activity of various parts of H. annuus. Methods. Various parts of the H. annuus plant were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (chloroquine-sensitive), in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei using Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in BALB/c mice, curative and prophylaxis assay, and inhibition of heme detoxification by evaluating β-hematin level. Results. Ethanol extract of the roots showed the highest antimalarial activity, followed by ethanol extract of leaves, with IC50 values of 2.3 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively and the percentage inhibition of P. berghei of 63.6 ± 8.0 and 59.3 ± 13.2 at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Ethanol extract of roots produced an ED50 value of 10.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg in the curative test and showed an inhibition of 79.2% at a dose of 400 mg/kg in the prophylactic assay. In inhibition of heme detoxification assay, root and leaf ethanol extracts yielded a lower IC50 value than positive (chloroquine) control with a value of 0.4 ± 0.0 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. There were promising results of the ethanol extracts of root of H. annuus as a new source for the development of a new plant-based antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Noni Leaves (Morinda citrifolia) towards Parasitemia, Splenomegaly, and Hepatomegaly in Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Putri Rahayu ◽  
Yetti Hernaningsih ◽  
Heny Arwati
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Introduction: Malaria is one of the infectious diseases found in tropical countries and sub-tropical countries. In 2016 there were an estimated 445,000 people died to malaria. Alternative medicine is needed, such as natural based ingredient. Morinda citrifolia or noni plant is a medicinal plant found in all parts of Indonesia which has many benefits, such as antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The aims of this study were to determine the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of noni leaves and its effect on splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Methods: Extract of noni leaves was prepared by maceration using ethanol solvent. In vivo experiments were conducted using Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice treated with the doses of 100, 10, 1 mg/kg body weight(BW) orally of ethanolic extract of noni leaves. Then, the percentage of parasitemia was calculated from day 1 to day 4 after treatment and at the end of the test, mice were sacrificed then spleen and liver were collected. Results: The highest parasite growth was found in the group treated with noni leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 1 mg/kg WB and vice versa. Probit analysis resulted in ED50 was 0.882 mg/kg WB. Spearmen test showed there was no correlation between doses and the size of splenomegaly with p=0,2 and between doses and the size of hepatomegaly with p=0,6.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of noni leaves possessed antimalaria activity and there was no correlation between doses of extract and t he splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Kasar Etanol dan Fraksi n-Heksana Rumput Bambu (Lophatherum gracile B.) secara in Vitro

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ella Wulandari ◽  
Dewi Yuliani ◽  
Elok Kamilah Hayati ◽  
Roihatul Muti'ah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mosquito Bite

<p>Malaria is a disease caused by infectious parasite <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and can be transmitted through mosquito bite. The aim of this research was to study antimalarial activity <em>in vitro</em> on crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction of bamboo grass (<em>Lophatherum gracile</em> B.). Extraction was carried out by ethanol 80% solvent and fractionation was conducted by n-hexane. Determination of antimalarial activity was subjected to <em>P. falciparum</em> strain 3D7. According to phytochemical test, crude ethanol extract contained tannin and terpenoid, whilst n-hexane fraction contained tannin and steroid. The capability of crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction to inhibit <em>P. falciparum</em> was represented by IC<sub>50</sub> value. The value of both samples respectively was 12.49 and 61.49 µg/mL. Identification based on LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), n-hexane fraction shown the presence of tannin and steroid compounds.</p><p>  </p><p>Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> yang dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimalaria secara <em>in vitro</em> pada ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi n-heksana rumput bambu (<em>L</em><em>ophat</em><em>h</em><em>erum gracile </em>B.). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pelarut etanol 80% dan fraksinasi dengan n-heksana. Uji aktivitas antimalaria dilakukan pada parasit <em>P. falciparum </em><em>strain</em> 3D7<em>.</em> Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol mengandung tanin dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung tanin dan steroid. Kemampuan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksana dalam menghambat parasit <em>P. falciparum</em> menghasilkan nilai IC<sub>50</sub> masing-masing sebesar 12,49 dan 61,49 µg/mL. Identifikasi senyawa dengan KC-SM (kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa) pada fraksi n-heksana menunjukkan adanya senyawa tanin dan steroid.</p>

scholarly journals High Antiplasmodial Activity of Golden Gamat (S.hermanni) Extract Through In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Prawesty Diah Utami ◽  
Varidianto Yudho
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Inhibitory Rate ◽  
Chloroquine Treatment

S.hermanni is a marine biota that contains active components that are anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. The research focused on examining the antiplasmodial activity of an ethanol extract of S. hermanni on the proliferation of P. falciparum in vitro. The total sample size was 30 mediums, which included: (G1). No extract or chloroquine administration in the P.falciparum medium (G2). Chloroquine treatment administration on P. falciparum medium (G3). P. falciparum medium with S. hermanni extract. Parasitaemia, growth percentage, inhibitory rate, and IC50 were among the parameters evaluated. Administration of extract serial doses succeeds in reducing the percentage of parasite growth and parasitemia levels. G3 demonstrated an inhibitory rate of 88.51 % with a dose of 100 µg/ml and an IC50 of 2.86 µg/ml, indicating high antimalarial activity, although chloroquine had greater antimalarial activity than S. hermanni extract. In vitro studies on S hermanni, ethanol extract indicated that it contains bioactive components and can be an effective antiplasmodial agent.

scholarly journals In-vitro anti-malarial activity of Chikadoma plant from the rainforest of Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
CE Okolo ◽  
LK Eban ◽  
LU Amazu ◽  
LC Chukwu ◽  
SC Ohadoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
In Vitro Test

Background: Malaria remains a life-threatening tropical disease. Due to the development of resistance to the commonly available orthodox antimalarials which of course, poses a great challenge in malaria-controlling-program, alternative and complementary approach becomes imperative thereby making phytotherapy a research focus. Objectives: To investigate the effect of chikadoma plant using its methanol leaf extract against a plasmodium-mediated tropical disease, malaria. Materials and Methods: The culture samples of Plasmodium (P.) falciparum from 20 symptomatic adult outpatients were used in the antimalarial in-vitro test. For cultivation of P. falciparum, the culture medium employed was Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640. Optical microscopy was used for parasite quantification in the performance of antiplasmodial in-vitro assays. The leaf extract of chikadoma dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was the treatment, prepared into 7 different levels of concentration (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) while culture medium with the malarial parasite alone served as negative control. Micromalarial culture preceded by culture synchronized with sorbitol 5%, were divided into “control” and “treated groups”, followed by incubation in CO2 candle jar at 370C for 72 h. The percentage of parasitemia was measured 8 h, showing the activity of the extract on P. falciparum stages of proliferation. Thin blood smear from the erythrocytes layer was made and stained with 10% Giemsa for 30 mins to estimate the parasitemia. The antimalarial activity of the extract was calculated using Probit analysis by counting the 50% growth inhibition (IC50). Results: The growth of P. falciparum was inhibited by the extract on mature schizont stage; and the IC50 of the extract after 40 h incubation was 3.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: The leaf extract of chikadoma significantly has antimalarial effect in-vitro against P. falciparum. Keywords: Chikadoma; Lupinus arboreus; antimalarial activity; tropical disease; Nigeria. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document