Modeling of Parametric Bayesian Cure Rate Survival for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Data Analysis

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, even though TB can be prevented and treated. The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 reported 1.5 million deaths from TB, of which 1.1 million were TB with HIV-negative and 0.4 million were HIV-positive tuberculosis. As many as 25% of deaths from TB were in productive ages between 15 to 54 years. Low adherence is a major cause of treatment failure, drop-out and the rising number of cases of MDR (Multi Drugs Resistance). Adherence is also a key to improve the cure rate of treatment of TB patients. Home-based Direct Observer Treatment of patients with positive pulmonary Tuberculosis (DOT–TB) or in Bahasa Indonesia also known as Pengawas Minum Obat (PMO) may improve adherence and increase the TB cure rate and success rate. The DOT-TB has tasks to oversee, remind, motivate and assist TB patients who are undergoing the treatment process. Background of DOT–TB in improving adherence needs to be explored by examining their experiences, which can be expressed by using a phenomenological qualitative study to explore the meaning and significance of their experiences. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the efforts of DOT–TB in performing their duties, the constraints arising from these efforts, benefits, and expectations of the DOT–TB position.Methods: This study applied a qualitative approach with descriptive phenomenological methodology. The number of informants were 21 people divided into groups of DOT–TB whose patients were perfectly recovered (7 people), groups of DOT–TB whose patients were drop-out or failed (7 people) and a group of 7 TB programmers. Each group participated in the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for 90-120 minutes.Results: The results of the study indicate that the presence of DOT–TB is very important and necessary in the management of TB. The biggest challenge of DOT–TBs in performing their duties are communication barriers due to differences in hierarchy and social status in the society. Their sense of hesitancy was a major challenge of DOT–TB in charge. According to respondents, the ideal DOT–TB is someone close to the patients, has patience, compassion, enough knowledge about TB and good communication skills.Conclusions: In order to perform their duties well, DOT–TBs require training concerning tuberculosis and communication.

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Efficacy of integrating short-course chemotherapy with Chinese herbs to treat multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a study protocol

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-021-00913-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shun-Xian Zhang ◽

Lei Qiu ◽

Cui Li ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

Li-Ming Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Chinese Herbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Chemotherapeutic Regimen ◽

Yin Deficiency

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is one of infectious disease that lead a large number of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Although no reliable evidence has been found, it is considered that combining chemotherapeutic drugs with Chinese herbs can significantly improves the cure rate and the clinical therapeutic effect. Methods Multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB, n = 258) patients with Qi-yin deficiency syndrome will be randomly assigned into a treatment group (n = 172) or control/placebo group (n = 86). The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs granules (1 + 3 granules), while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs placebo (1 + 3 placebo granules). In addition, MDR-PTB (n = 312) patients with Yin deficiency lung heat syndrome will be randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 208) or control/placebo (n = 104) group. The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic regimen combined with Chinese herbs granules (2 + 4 granules), while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs and Chinese herbs placebo (2 + 4 placebo granules). The primary outcome is cure rate, the secondary outcomes included time to sputum culture conversion, lesion absorption rate and cavity closure rate. BACTEC™ MGIT™ automated mycobacterial detection system will be used to evaluate the M.tb infection and drug resistance. Chi-square test and Cox regression will be conducted with SAS 9.4 Statistical software to analyze the data. Discussion The treatment cycle for MDR-PTB using standardized modern medicine could cause lengthy substantial side effects. Chinese herbs have been used for many years to treat MDR-PTB, but are without high-quality evidence. Hence, it is unknown whether Chinese herbs enhances the clinical therapeutic effect of synthetic drugs for treating MDR-PTB. Therefore, this study will be conducted to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of combining Chinese herbs and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat MDR-PTB cases. It will assist in screening new therapeutic drugs and establishing treatment plan that aims to improve the clinical therapeutic effect for MDR-PTB patients. Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR1900027720) on 24 November 2019 (prospective registered). Graphical Abstract

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Analisis Spasial dan Temporal Persebaran Kasus Baru TB Paru BTA (+) di Kabupaten Batang

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jkli.17.2.95-103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Arum Siwiendrayanti ◽

Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra ◽

Dwi Arofah

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Notification Rate ◽

Central Java ◽

Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Case Notification

Latar belakang: Case Notification Rate (CNR) Kabupaten Batang tahun 2013 sebesar 73,8/100.000 penduduk. Berdasarkan CNR-nya Kabupaten Batang masuk peringkat ke-9 dari 35 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah. Selain itu, pada tahun 2012-2014 tren kasus baru TB paru BTA positif selalu menurun, kemudian meningkat tahun 2015, dan turun kembali di tahun 2016. Namun, tren tersebut tidak menggambarkan tren kasus baru di tiap kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Batang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran secara spasial dan temporal persebaran kasus baru Tb paru BTA positif ditinjau dari kepadatan penduduk, ketinggian wilayah, cakupan rumah sehat, dan cure rate tahun 2012-2016.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan studi ekologis menggunakan pendekatan spasial dan temporal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua kasus baru TB paru BTA positif dari tahun 2012-2016. Hasil: Penyebaran kasus baru tidak menunjukkan pola khusus pada pemetaan berdasarkan ketinggian dan kepadatan penduduk. Sebagian penyebaran kasus baru menunjukkan pola penyebaran mengikuti pola cure rate, dan hampir seluruhnya mengikuti pola cakupan rumah sehat. Cure rate tinggi tidak diikuti oleh penurunan jumlah kasus baru pada wilayah dengan cakupan rumah sehat rendah.Simpulan: Persebaran kasus baru TB paru BTA positif dipengaruhi oleh faktor cakupan rumah sehat. Sedangkan faktor yang lainnya tidak mempengaruhi persebaran kasus baru Tb paru BTA positif di Kabupaten Batang Tahun 2012-2016. ABSTRACTTitle: Spatial and Temporal Analysis of AFB Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis New Cases Distribution in Batang RegencyBackground: Case Notification Rate (CNR) of Batang Regency in 2013 is 73.8 / 100.000 population. Based on its CNR, Batang regency is ranked 9th of 35 regencies / cities in Central Java. In addition, in 2012-2014, the trend of new AFB smear-positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis always decrease, then increase in 2015, and decrease again in 2016. However, the trend does not reflect the trend of new cases in each sub-district. The purpose of this research is to descript the spread of new cases of AFB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis spatially and temporally in terms of population density, altitude, coverage of healthy house, and cure rate of 2012-2016.Method: The type of research used in this study is analytic quantitative with ecological studies using spatial and temporal approach. The samples in this study were all new cases of AFB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in 2012-2016. Result: The distribution of new cases did not indicate a specific pattern on mapping based on altitude and population density. Some of the new case distributions showed the pattern of distribution following a cure rate pattern, and almost entirely following the pattern of healthy house coverage. High cure rates were not followed by a decrease in the number of new cases in areas with low coverage of healthy house.Conclusion: The distribution of new cases of AFB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis is influenced by healthy house coverage factor. While other factors did not affect the distribution of new cases of AFB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Batang Regency in 2012-2016

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Issue Thérapeutique Des Patients Tuberculeux Pulmonaires Biologiquement Confirmés Dans La Zone Sanitaire De Parakou-N’Dali De 2011 À 2015

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p340 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (33) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

CA Dovonou ◽

CA Alassani ◽

S Ade ◽

CA Attinsounon ◽

S Ahoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Therapeutic Outcome ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Therapeutic Success ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Zone

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the therapeutic outcome and factors associated with treatment failure in laboratory confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: He acted in a descriptive and analytical study referred to prospective data collection. The study population consisted of laboratory confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the health zone Parakou-N'Dali from 2011 to 2015. Results: A total of 313 TB patients were enrolled. The average age of patients was 37.4 ± 14.3 years. The sex ratio was 2.1. Two hundred sixtyfive (265) patients were cured, a cure rate of 84.66%; 5 patients had completed treatment. Therapeutic success was observed in 270 patients (86.26%); the rate of treatment failure was 2.24%. Twenty-nine (29) patients died (9.26%); 6 patients were lost to follow and only 1 was transferred. Factors associated with treatment failure were the BMI screening to the lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.000) and hospitalization (p = 0.002).Conclusion: The therapeutic outcome of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the health zone Parakou-N'Dali was characterized by a low rate process complete, lost sight and transfers.

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Evolução clínica do tratamento de Tuberculose Pulmonar em Nampula / Clinical course of treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Nampula

Saúde e meio ambiente revista interdisciplinar ◽

10.24302/sma.v7i1.1434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Graciano Mauricio Francisco Cumaquela ◽

Atumane Alide ◽

Carolina Remígio

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Control Programme ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

National Tuberculosis ◽

Collection Data ◽

Previously Treated ◽

Phase I And Ii

Moçambique, um país com uma população de cerca de 25.834 milhões, está entre os 22 países que contribuem com 80% de casos de tuberculose no mundo e ocupa atualmente a 11ª posição, com uma incidência de 552 casos a cada 100 mil habitantes. O objetivo foi avaliar a evolução clínica do tratamento de Tuberculose pulmonar, através do seguimento dos casos desde o primeiro ao último mês de tratamento. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza descritiva, prospetivo, que incluiu uma amostra de 21 doentes com Tuberculose Pulmonar no Hospital Geral de Marrere (HGM), Nampula. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas e observações através de um questionário fechado elaborado com base no modelo PNCT-3. Resultados: A incidência de casos novos foi de 90% enquanto que o restante foram casos previamente tratados e foi maior no sexo masculino. A coinfecção da Tuberculose pelo Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humano na amostra foi de 52%. As baciloscopias feitas mostraram um decréscimo de positividade desde o início, ao fim da fase I e II (71%, 0% e 5%). Os resultados do tratamento quanto a cura, abandono, falência terapêutica e óbito foram respetivamente 71%, 19%, 5% e 5%. Conclusão: A evolução clínica não foi satisfatória pois a taxa de cura não atingiu as metas recomendadas pelo Programa Nacional de Controlo de Tuberculose (PNCT).AbstractMozambique, a country with a population of about 25,834 million, is among the 22 countries that account for 80% of tuberculosis cases in the world and currently holds the 11th position, with an incidence of 552 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The purpose was to evaluate the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment by following up cases from the first to sixth / eighth months of treatment. A study was conducted descriptive, prospective, which included a sample of 21 patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Marrere General Hospital (MGH), Nampula. In the collection data were interviews and observations through a closed questionnaire prepared based on the NTCP-3 model. Results: The incidence of new cases was 90%, while the remainder were previously treated cases and was higher in males. The co-infection of TB by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the sample was 52%. The smear made positivity showed decrease from the beginning to the end of phase I and II (71%, 0% and 5%). The results of the treatment as a cure, abandonment, treatment failure and death were respectively 71%, 19%, 5% and 5%. Conclusions: The clinical outcome was not satisfactory because the cure rate did not reach the targets recommended by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTCP).

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ANALYSIS OF PREVENTION BEHAVIORS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION QUESTIONNAIRE (PBPTTQ)

Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.36720/nhjk.v9i1.145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Kusuma Wijaya Ridi Putra ◽

Pipit Festi Wiliyanarti ◽

Faida Annisa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Center ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Center ◽

Tuberculosis Transmission ◽

Prevention Behavior ◽

Rating Scale Data

Background: Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission behavior is also one of the keys to the increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Unhealthy behavior in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can be caused due to lack of information about TB in the community so that they lack responsibility for the tuberculosis transmission.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) to see whether this questionnaire can be used to assess habits in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in the community.Methods: The design used in this study was cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in the Public Health Center of Medokan Ayu, Surabaya. The sample in this study were 30 people with positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis who are in the working area of Public Health Center of Medokan Ayu, Surabaya. This study used Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ). PBPTTQ consists of 15 items with 11 items that are positive questions and 4 items that are negative questions. PBPTTQ using Likert Scale with 5-point rating scale. Data analysis of Prevention Behavior of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire used statistical analysis using SPSS 21. Data analysis performed was mean, standard deviation, I-CVI, and Cronbach Alpha.Results: Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) has a high enough reliability value marked by a Cronbach Alpha value of .639. In addition, the validity test of this questionnaire found that I-CVI = .84.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, Prevention Behaviors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Questionnaire (PBPTTQ) can be used to assess pulmonary transmission prevention behavior in the community.Â Key words: Prevention Behavior, pulmonary tuberculosis transmission, public health center, questionnaire.

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PERILAKU MEROKOK DI DALAM RUMAH DAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERCULOSIS PARU SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN

Jurnal Biota ◽

10.19109/biota.v4i2.1597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 54-61

Author(s):

Siska Wulandari ◽

Aseptianova Aseptianova ◽

Saleh Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Research Method ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Learning Research ◽

Tuberculosis Disease

This research is motivated by smoking behavior in the house with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The formulation of the problem in this research is How the smoking behavior in the house and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis disease as a source of a learning. The purpose of this research was to determine of smoking behavior in the house with the incidence of the pulmonary tuberculosis disease as a source of a learning. Research method is used descriptive qualitative. Population and sample in this research is community in outbreak region 3-4 Ulu Palembang which is patient with tuberculosis lung disease based on data obtained from puskesmas 4 Ulu Palembang on between 2016 and 2017 and from doctor practice in region of 3-4 Ulu Palembang. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire, while data analysis techniques using statistics descriptive. Based on the results of research and discussion of research, description of smoking behavior in the house and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is true and done by respondents in Village 3-4 Ulu Palembang which is a patient of pulmonary tuberculosis disease obtained from the primary data in this study and it can be concluded that the behavior of smoking in the house can cause epidemic pulmonary tuberculosis disease although there are also respondents who are not active smokers but they are exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis disease which is probably caused by anything else obtained from the secondary data in this study.

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Delay in treatment seeking and associated factors among suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health facilities of Adama town, eastern Ethiopia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7886-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tirusew Maru Wondawek ◽

Musa Mohammed Ali

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Low Income ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Female Sex ◽

Delay In Seeking Treatment ◽

Delay In Treatment

Abstract Background In low-income countries, delays in treatment seeking among tuberculosis patients contribute to easy transmission and high prevalence of tuberculosis. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of delays in treatment-seeking and risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients in health facilities located in Adama, Ethiopia. Method A health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted at Adama from December 20, 2015, to March 1, 2016, among 598 tuberculosis suspected patients. Data was collected from all study participants on the same day of tuberculosis diagnosis using a structured questionnaire. Epi-Info 3.5.3 and Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. A bivariate and multivariable regression model was used to investigate the association between delay in seeking-treatment and various factors. Odds ratio with 95% CI and P-value < 0.05 were considered as cut off point to measure the strength and significance of the association. Results Among 598 pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients, 79 (13.2%) were smear-positive. Among smear-positive participants, 61(77.2%) delayed seeking treatment and 275 (46%) patients delayed seeking treatment for > 30 days. The following factors were significantly associated with a delay in seeking treatment: female sex OR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.14, 2.18), low monthly income OR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.05, 2.01), lack of knowledge regarding tuberculosis OR = 1.67, 95% CI (1.13, 2.48), and cure rate of tuberculosis OR = 1.836, 95% CI (1.25, 2.69). Conclusion Nearly half of pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients delayed seeking treatment in our study area. Female sex, low income, family size of five and greater, no knowledge about tuberculosis and cure rate were factors contributing to delay in treatment-seeking among suspected tuberculosis patients.

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GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS (TB) PARU TENTANG KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DI POLI KLINIK PARU RSUD ARIFIN ACHMAD PROPINSI RIAU

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v6i02.446 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Chairil ◽

Muhammad Azmi

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Healing Process ◽

Sampling Technique

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted through the air. The purpose of this study was to determine the Knowledge Overview Patients Tuberculosis (TB) Lung About Drugs in Drinking Compliance Poli Lung Clinic Arifin Achmad Riau Province. The type of research is descriptive with the sampling technique is accidental sampling where the sample in this study are some of the respondents in Lung Clinic Arifin Achmad Hospital Riau province amounted to 45 respondents. Tool data collection using questionnaires and data analysis used is univariate. From the research that has been conducted on 21-25 May 2015 showed that the picture of the knowledge of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) in the lungs majority enough category were 26 respondents (57.8%). Conclusion: Based on the results of these studies are expected in patients with tuberculosis (TB) in the lungs to pay attention to compliance with taking medication so the healing process can be achieved as expected.

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