scholarly journals Assessment of the physico-mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of rubber wood modified with silica sol in combination with GU/GMU resins

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8051-8064
Author(s):  
Lijuan Ping ◽  
Yubo Chai ◽  
Bailing Sun ◽  
Junliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rubber Wood

Rubber wood was modified with both a combination of silica sol and glyoxal urea (S-GU), and a combination of silica sol and glyoxal melamine urea (S-GMU). The physico-mechanical properties were measured. Thermal properties, chemical molecular structure, and cellular morphology were analyzed via thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The weight percent gain (WPG) increased as the concentration of the impregnated aqueous solutions increased. The S-GMU treated wood exhibited a greater WPG than the S-GU treated wood at the same concentration. Anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) of treated wood increased as the WPG increased. The highest ASE value was 42.0%, for the S-20%GMU treated wood, which was higher than the S-20%GU treated wood. The MOR of the S-20%GMU treated wood was improved by 25%. Thermal analyses showed the thermostability of S-GMU treated wood increased. FTIR results indicated the presence of C-N and Si-O-Si bonds in the S-GMU treated wood, and the lignin and carbohydrates degraded to a certain extent. SEM imaging showed that the S-GMU was deposited in the cell lumen and cell wall. Therefore, this study produced evidence of an improvement in the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of S-GMU treated wood.

Natural oils as coupling agents in recycled polypropylene wood flour composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
Matheus Poletto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix

Recycled polypropylene was reinforced with treated and non-treated wood flour with different natural oils. Four natural oils were used as coupling agents, namely hexanoic (C6), octanoic (C8), decanoic (C10) and dodecanoic (C12) acids. The mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the resulting composites were evaluated. The usage of natural oils as coupling agents clearly improved the interfacial adhesion between wood flour and the polypropylene matrix while enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties. Better results were obtained when C8 was used. The improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites imparted by C8 is similar to that promoted by maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were affected by the boiling temperature and chain length of the natural oil used.

Characterization of Nostoc muscorum NCCU-442 Derived Poly-3- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Sabbir Ansari ◽  
Tasneem Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Mixed Microbial Culture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Casting Technique

Background: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has attracted much consideration as biodegradable biocompatible polymer. This thermoplastic polymer has comparable material properties to polypropylene. Materials with more valuable properties may result from blending, a common practice in polymer science. Objective: In this paper, blends of PHB (extracted from cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum NCCU- 442 with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated for their thermal, tensile, hydrophilic and biodegradation properties. Methods: Blends were prepared in different proportions of PHB/PEG viz. 100/0, 98/2, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 (wt %) using solvent casting technique. Morphological properties were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were done for thermal properties determination whereas the mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the blends were studied by means of an automated material testing system and contact angle analyser respectively. Biodegradability potential of the blended films was tested as percent weight loss by mixed microbial culture within 60 days. Results: The blends showed good misciblity between PEG and PHB, however increasing concentrations of plasticizer caused morphological alteration as evidenced by SEM micrographs. PEG addition (10 % and above) showed significant alternations in the thermal properties of the blends. Increase in the PEG content increased the elongation at break ratio i.e enhanced the required plasticity of PHB. Rate of microbial facilitated degradation of the blends was greater with increasing PEG concentrations. Conclusion: Blending with PEG increased the crucial polymeric properties of cyanobacterial PHB.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

The influence of adding long basalt fiber on the mechanical and thermal properties of composites based on poly(oxymethylene)

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bazan ◽  
Stanisław Kuciel ◽  
Mariola Sądej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

The work has evaluated the possibility of the potential reinforcing of poly(oxymethylene) (POM) by basalt fibers (BFs) and influence of BFs addition on thermal properties. Two types of composites were produced by injection molding. There were 20 and 40 wt% long BFs content with an average length of 1 mm. The samples were made without using a compatibilizer. In the experimental part, the basic mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at break, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and deflection at 3.5% strain) of composites based on POM were determined. Tensile properties were also evaluated at three temperatures −20°C, 20°C, and 80°C. The density and Charpy impact of the produced composites were also examined. The influence of water absorption on mechanical properties was investigated. Thermal properties were conducted by the differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuation total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy analysis. In order to make reference to the effects of reinforcement and determine the structure characteristics, scanning electron microscopy images were taken. The addition of 20 and 40 wt% by weight of fibers increases the strength and the stiffness of such composites by more than 30–70% in the range scale of temperature. Manufactured composites show higher thermal and dimensional stability in relation to neat POM.

scholarly journals In Polymerization of Environment Friendly Melamine-Urea-Glyoxal Resin in Rubber Wood for Improved Physical and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lijuan Ping ◽  
Yubo Chai ◽  
Fangwen Zhang ◽  
Bailing Sun ◽  
Junliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
Structural Applications

In the study, we report that a safe and simple way for upgrading inferior rubber wood through the combined modification of environment-friendly MUG resin was synthesized from glyoxal, melamine, urea, and other additives. MUG-treated wood samples were prepared with six different MUG resin concentrations (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 wt %) into the wood matrix and then heated and polymerized to form a solid and hydrophobic MUG resin in the wood scaffold, and the physico-mechanical properties were evaluated. As the MUG resin concentration increased, the weight percent gain and density increased, water uptake and leachability decreased, and the antiswelling efficiency increased at first and then decreased. MUG-treated wood sample can be prepared when the MUG resin concentration was set as 25%, and the physical properties of treated wood was optimum. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the MUG resin is widely distributed in the cell lumens and cell walls. With enhanced physico-mechanical properties, MUG-treated wood sample can be well used as a promising alternative to existing engineered wood products for structural applications.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Natural Intralaminar Hybrid Composites Based on Sisal

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre L. Pereira ◽  
Mariana D. Banea ◽  
Jorge S.S. Neto ◽  
Daniel K.K. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
American Society ◽  
Curaua Fibers

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of hybridization on the mechanical and thermal properties of intralaminar natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites based on sisal. Ramie, sisal and curauá fibers were selected as natural fiber reinforcements for the epoxy matrix based composites, which were produced by the hand lay-up technique. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were carried out according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards to characterize the hybrid composites, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the thermal properties. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by hybridization of sisal based composites. The thermal analysis showed that the hybridization did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the composites. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface of the tested specimens. The SEM images showed a brittle fracture of the matrix and fiber breakage near the matrix.

scholarly journals Micro and nanocomposites of polybutadienebased polyurethane liners with mineral fillers and nanoclay: thermal and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ross ◽  
Germán Escobar ◽  
Guillermo Sevilla ◽  
Javier Quagliano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Mineral Fillers

AbstractMicro and nanocomposites of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethanes (NPU) were obtained using five mineral fillers and Cloisite 20A nanoclay, respectively. Samples were prepared by the reaction of HTPB polyol and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and the chain was further extended with glyceryl monoricinoleate to produce the final elastomeric polyurethanes. Mechanical and thermal properties were studied, showing that mineral fillers (20%w/w) significantly increased tensile strength, in particular nanoclay (at 5% w/w). When nanoclay-polymer dispersion was modified with a silane and hydantoin-bond promoter, elongation at break was significantly increased with respect to NPU with C20A. Thermal properties measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were not significantly affected in any case. The molecular structure of prepared micro and nanocomposites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Interaction of fillers with polymer chains is discussed, considering the role of silanes in compatibilization of hydrophilic mineral fillers and hydrophobic polymer. The functionalization of nanoclay with HMDS silane was confirmed using FTIR. Microstructure of NPU with C20A nanoclay was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Maleated soybean oil as coupling agent in recycled polypropylene/wood flour composites: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Poletto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene

In this study, composites with interesting mechanical and thermal properties were prepared using chemically modified vegetable oil as coupling agent in wood-fibers-reinforced recycled polypropylene. Soybean oil was reacted with maleic anhydride to produce maleated soybean oil (MASO). The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the composite were evaluated. The usage of MASO as a coupling agent clearly improved the interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and the polypropylene matrix and increased the mechanical and thermal properties evaluated. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that MASO can act as an alternative source of coupling agent dispensing with the addition of petroleum-based compatibilizers to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composites reinforced with natural fibers.

HIGH-IMPACT PP NANOCOMPOSITES: INFLUENCE OF CLAY CONTENT ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350039
Author(s):  
L. G. FURLAN ◽  
RICARDO V. B. OLIVEIRA ◽  
ANDRÉIA C. E. MELLO ◽  
SUSANA A. LIBERMAN ◽  
MAURO A. S. OVIEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Izod Impact

The preparation of high-impact polypropylene nanocomposites with different organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT) contents by means of meltprocessing was investigated. The nanocomposite properties were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flexural modulus, izod impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was noticed that the PP/O-MMT nanocomposites properties were affected by clay content. Exceptional improvements in impact strength were obtained (maximum of 185%) by the use of low O-MMT content. The results showed that higher enhancement on mechanical/thermal properties was obtained by 3 wt.% of O-MMT instead of higher quantities.

scholarly journals Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Salminen ◽  
Erno Karjalainen ◽  
Vladimir Aseyev ◽  
Heikki Tenhu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Chemical Crosslinks ◽  
Unique Approach

This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.

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