scholarly journals Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Salminen ◽  
Erno Karjalainen ◽  
Vladimir Aseyev ◽  
Heikki Tenhu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Chemical Crosslinks ◽  
Unique Approach

This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.

HIGH-IMPACT PP NANOCOMPOSITES: INFLUENCE OF CLAY CONTENT ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350039
Author(s):  
L. G. FURLAN ◽  
RICARDO V. B. OLIVEIRA ◽  
ANDRÉIA C. E. MELLO ◽  
SUSANA A. LIBERMAN ◽  
MAURO A. S. OVIEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Izod Impact

The preparation of high-impact polypropylene nanocomposites with different organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT) contents by means of meltprocessing was investigated. The nanocomposite properties were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flexural modulus, izod impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was noticed that the PP/O-MMT nanocomposites properties were affected by clay content. Exceptional improvements in impact strength were obtained (maximum of 185%) by the use of low O-MMT content. The results showed that higher enhancement on mechanical/thermal properties was obtained by 3 wt.% of O-MMT instead of higher quantities.

scholarly journals Co-continuous network polymers using epoxy monolith for the design of tough materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Tominaga ◽  
Yukihiro Nishimura ◽  
Yasuhito Suzuki ◽  
Yoshihiro Takeda ◽  
Masaru Kotera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Network Polymers ◽  
Strength And Toughness

AbstractHigh-performance polymer materials that can exhibit distinguished mechanical properties have been developed based on material design considering energy dissipation by sacrificial bond dissociation. We now propose co-continuous network polymers (CNPs) for the design of tough polymer materials. CNP is a new composite material fabricated by filling the three-dimensionally continuous pores of a hard epoxy monolith with any cross-linked polymer having a low glass transition temperature (Tg). The structure and mechanical properties of the CNPs containing epoxy resins, thiol-ene thermosets, and polyacrylates as the low-Tg components were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests as well as scanning electron microscopic observations and non-destructive 3D X-ray imaging in order to clarify a mechanism for exhibiting an excellent strength and toughness. It has been demonstrated that the mechanical properties and fractural behavior of the CNPs significantly depend on the network structure of the filler polymers, and that a simultaneous high strength and toughness are achieved via the sacrificial fracture mechanism of epoxy-based hard materials with co-continuous network structures.

scholarly journals The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PECoVA) Composites with Pristine Dolomite and Organophilic Microcrystalline Dolomite (OMCD)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3034
Author(s):  
Lim Kean Chong ◽  
Azlin Fazlina Osman ◽  
Asfa Amalia Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Awad A. Alrashdi ◽  
Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PECoVA) composite containing organophilic microcrystalline dolomite (OMCD) was studied to replace the non-recyclable silicone elastomer in biomedical application. Pristine dolomite (DOL) is an inorganic mineral filler and is hydrophilic in nature, hence incompatible with most polymers and limits its use in biomedical applications. DOL was subjected to a combination of size reduction, tip sonication and a surface modification process to obtain a more effective dolomite filler, known as OMCD, as reinforcement material in the PECoVA copolymer matrix. The effects of DOL and OMCD loadings (1, 3, 5 wt%) on the structure and properties of the PECoVA composite were investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), tensile and tear tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the use of the OMCD filler brought a more pronounced positive impact to the PECoVA matrix as opposed to the DOL, where it enhanced the crystallinity of the matrix and led to much better matrix–filler interfacial interactions. Therefore, regardless of the filler loading, the PECoVA/OMCD composites demonstrate greater mechanical and thermal properties compared to the PECoVA/DOL composites. The best composite was produced with the OMCD loading of 3 wt%, in which the tensile strength (22.1 MPa), elongation at break (1413%) and Young’s modulus (2.0 MPa) of the copolymer matrix were increased by 44%, 23% and 21%, respectively. This proved that the combination of size reduction, tip sonication and the surface modification technique is efficient to obtain the PECoVA/dolomite composite with improved performance.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Klaudiusz Wypiór ◽  
Krzysztof Mijalski ◽  
Ewelina Chmielnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallinity Degree

The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Talc Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Vesna Rek ◽  
Ivana Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Better Than

The effect of the addition of talc on the morphology and thermal properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The blends of TPU and PP are incompatible because of large differences in polarities between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU and high interfacial tensions. The interaction between TPU and PP can be improved by using talc as reinforcing filler. The morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the neat polymers and unfilled and talc filled TPU/PP blends were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/T/PP blends. The DSC results for talc filled TPU/PP blends show that the degree of crystallinity increased, which is due to the nucleating effect induced by talc particles. The reason for the increased storage modulus of blends with the incorporation of talc is due to the improved interface between polymers and filler. According to TGA results, the addition of talc enhanced thermal stability. The homogeneity of the talc filled TPU/PP blends is better than unfilled TPU/PP blends.

Enhancing the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Hemp Protein Particles (HPP) Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
S. A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Protein Particles

Abstract This paper aims to describe the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of a PVA/HPP blend whereby the film was prepared using a solution casting method. The improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of HPP-based PVA composites were investigated. The characterization of pure PVA and PVA composite films included tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of TGA and DSC indicated that the addition of HPP increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites. Mechanical properties are significantly improved in PVA/HPP composites. The thermal stability of the PVA composite increased with the increase of HPP filler content. The tensile strength increased from 15.74 ± 0.72 MPa to 27.54 ± 0.45 MPa and the Young’s modulus increased from 282.51 ± 20.56 MPa to 988.69 ± 42.64 MPa for the 12 wt% HPP doped sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that at elevated temperatures, enhanced mechanical properties because of the presence of HPP was even more noticeable. Morphological observations displayed no signs of agglomeration of HPP fillers even in composites with high HPP loading.

The influence of adding long basalt fiber on the mechanical and thermal properties of composites based on poly(oxymethylene)

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bazan ◽  
Stanisław Kuciel ◽  
Mariola Sądej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

The work has evaluated the possibility of the potential reinforcing of poly(oxymethylene) (POM) by basalt fibers (BFs) and influence of BFs addition on thermal properties. Two types of composites were produced by injection molding. There were 20 and 40 wt% long BFs content with an average length of 1 mm. The samples were made without using a compatibilizer. In the experimental part, the basic mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at break, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and deflection at 3.5% strain) of composites based on POM were determined. Tensile properties were also evaluated at three temperatures −20°C, 20°C, and 80°C. The density and Charpy impact of the produced composites were also examined. The influence of water absorption on mechanical properties was investigated. Thermal properties were conducted by the differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuation total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy analysis. In order to make reference to the effects of reinforcement and determine the structure characteristics, scanning electron microscopy images were taken. The addition of 20 and 40 wt% by weight of fibers increases the strength and the stiffness of such composites by more than 30–70% in the range scale of temperature. Manufactured composites show higher thermal and dimensional stability in relation to neat POM.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Highly-Filled Polybenzoxazine-Alumina Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirawat Kajornchaiyakul ◽  
Chanchira Jubsilp ◽  
Sarawut Rimdusit
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alumina Particle ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Alumina Composites

-Highly filled alumina polymer composites based on bisphenol-A/aniline benzoxazine resin (BA-a) were developed. The mechanical and thermal properties of these highly filled composites at various alumina filler contents from 0 to 85 % by weight were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results revealed that the storage modulus (E') at room temperature was increased from 5.93 GPa of the neat polybenzoxazine up to about 45.27 GPa of the composites with the maximum alumina content of 83 % by weight. The glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of the composites systematically increased with increasing the alumina filler contents. The Tgs of the obtained composites having alumina content ranging from 50 to 83 % by weight were found to be 178°C to 188°C, which higher that the Tg of the polybenzoxazine, i.e. 176°C implying substantial interfacial interaction between the alumina particle and the polybenzoxazine.

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