scholarly journals Hesperaloe funifera as a raw material for integral utilization of its components

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Rafael Sánchez ◽  
Ana Ferrer ◽  
Luis Serrano ◽  
Ana Toledano ◽  
Jalel Labidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hesperaloe Funifera

Hesperaloe funifera was characterizedin terms of its contents of holocellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin (74.1, 52.3, and 7.9%, respectively). Also, an experimental factor design was used to examine the influence of operational variables in the diethanolamine pulping of this material (viz. diethanolamine concentration (50-80%), cooking temperature (155-185 ºC), and time (30-90 minutes)) on the contents of holocellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin, as well as the yield, kappa number, and viscosity of the resulting pulps, and also on the brightness, tensile index, stretch, burst index, and tear index of paper sheets made from it. The predictions for these dependent variables departed by less than 1, 7, 6, 2, 2, 4, 15, 11, 12, 10, and 37% from their respective experimental values. Black liquors obtained from the pulping runs were characterized by determining pH, density, TDS, (total dissolved solids), MI (inorganic matter), MO (organic matter), and lignin content; lignin samples were characterized by different techniques (FTIR and TGA). Finally, the black liquors were acidified to separate solid fractions that were subjected to pyrolysis and gasification in order to obtain synthesis and fuel gases.

Elaboration of novel adsorbent from Moroccan oil shale using Plackett–Burman design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Maximal Capacity

The new adsorbents were prepared from Moroccan oil shale by chemical and physical process .In this study, experimental Plackett-Burman has been used as a screening method to study six factors for the development of materials to adsorbent basis of oil shale Moroccan. The factors have been identified by two levels, To Know temperature (°C), Processing time (min), mass ratio (m precursor/m acid), Pretreatment mixture the precursor with acid, origin of the raw material and type of the activating agent (H2SO4, H3PO4).And it was chosen as a response The maximum quantity of adsorption of the molecule of Methylene blue (Qads in mg/g) and the specific surface measure by the method bet (Sbet in m2/g), The predicted values were in agreement with the experimental values with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98. The model has been validated by experiments subsequent to optimized conditions. The experimental data processing by software JMP 7 showed that the processing temperature The report of oil shale on the acid and activation time were the important effect on the maximal capacity of adsorption of methylene blue. The sample prepared at 237 °C during 215 min with pre-processing has a maximal capacity of adsorption equal to 54mg/g according to model of adsorption of Langmuir and SBET equal to 143 m2/g.

Behavior of xylans from the Eucalyptus species. Part 2. Characterization of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from black liquors of kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Andréia S. Magaton ◽  
Teresa Cristina F. Silva ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Dorila Piló-Veloso ◽  
Flaviana Reis Milagres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Black Liquors

Abstract 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla kraft black liquors (KBLs) were chemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Doses of alkali charge, expressed as active alkali (AA), were 16, 17, and 18% while the sulfidity was kept at 25%. Kappa numbers of 19.1, 17.5, and 16.1 for E. grandis and 20.4, 16.8, and 15.4 for E. urophylla were obtained. At higher alkali charges, the recovery of xylans from the KBLs was lower and the degree of substitution of xylans with uronic acids decreased. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the recovered xylans was greater under conditions of mild pulping, i.e., in the case of pulps with higher kappa numbers. Mw of xylans ranged from 16.1 to 19.1 kDa for E. grandis and from 15.4 to 20.4 kDa for E. urophylla. The xylans from KBL may be useful as pulp modifying agents or as a raw material for advanced applications.

scholarly journals The study of patterns of influence of alkali treatment on properties of organosolvent cellulose from straw of rice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова ◽  
Д.Д. Манойлович
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Visual Color

Получение доступных сорбентов на основе природных материалов, для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах является актуальным направлением исследований. Сорбенты на основе технической целлюлозы удовлетворяют этим требованиям. В работе для получения технической целлюлозы предложено использовать биомассу соломы риса. Для удаления из соломы риса минерального компонента при проведении окислительно-органосольвентной варки используют стадию щелочной обработки, которая приводит к деструкции полисахаридов, снижая выход технической целлюлозы. В связи с этим целью работы является изучение закономерностей проведения щелочной обработки соломы риса для максимального сохранения высокого выхода технической целлюлозы, извлечения минеральной части и возможности применения данной целлюлозы в качестве колористического сорбента. С учетом предварительных исследований найдены оптимальные значения технологических факторов, обеспечивающих высокий выход волокнистого материала из соломы риса при минимальном содержании в нем минеральных компонентов. Последующая органосольвентная варка позволяет получить техническую целлюлозу с выходом – 48,8% от абсолютно сухого сырья (а.с.с), зольностью 0,05% от а.с.с., содержанием лигнина 2,5% от а.с.с., удовлетворительными прочностными характеристиками, высокими сорбционными свойствами, необходимой белизной и рН водной вытяжки. Выявлено, что техническая целлюлоза из соломы риса содержит металлы, накопленные биомассой за вегетативный период. Щелочная обработка и окислительно-органосольвентная делигнификация в большинстве случаев приводят к снижению концентрации металлов в технической целлюлозе. Исключение составляют алюминий, железо и свинец, содержание которых в технической целлюлозе увеличивается. Таким образом, целлюлоза, полученная в оптимальных условиях щелочной обработки и последующей окислительно-органосольвентной варки из соломы риса, с учетом содержащихся в ней металлов, пригодна для использования в качестве сорбента для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах. Receive available sorbents based on natural materials for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in contaminated natural and waste waters is a topical area of research. Sorbents on the basis of technical cellulose satisfy these requirements. In the process of obtaining technical cellulose is proposed to use biomass straw rice. Removal of straw rice mineral component when carrying out the oxidation-organosolvent use the cooking stage alkali treatment, which leads to degradation of polysaccharides, reducing the output of technical cellulose. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the regularities of the alkaline treatment of rice straw for maximum preservation of the high output technical cellulose, extracting the mineral and the possibility of using the cellulose as the colour of the sorbent. Taking into account the preliminary studies, optimal conditions of technological factors were found ensuring a high yield of fibrous material from rice straw with a minimum content of mineral components in it. Subsequent organosolvent pulping yields technical pulp with a yield of 48.8% bone dry raw material (BDRM), an mineral ash content of 0.05% of BDRM, a lignin content of 2.5% of BDRM, satisfactory strength properties, high sorption properties, the necessary whiteness and pH of aqueous extract. It is revealed that the technical cellulose from straw of rice contains metals accumulated biomass during the vegetation period. Alkaline treatment and oxidative-organosolvent the delignification in most cases leads to a decrease of metal concentrations in pulp technical. With the exception of aluminum, iron and lead, the content of which is technical cellulose increases. Thus, cellulose obtained in optimum conditions of alkaline treatment and subsequent oxidation-organosolvent pulping of straw of rice, taking into account the contained metals suitable for use as a sorbent for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in polluted natural and sewage waters.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of the Piped Vehicle Motion in Piped Hydraulic Transportation of Tube-Contained Raw Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongye Li ◽  
Xihuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The piped hydraulic transportation of tube-contained raw material is an emerging technique for transporting materials. In this technique, the piped vehicle is one of the core components, and its motion characteristics directly determine the transportation energy consumption and the transportation cost of this technique. To study the motion characteristics of the piped vehicle, the force of the piped vehicle was analyzed from the mechanical perspective in this paper. On the assumption that the piped vehicle moved steadily and it had sufficient stiffness, the mathematical model of the piped vehicle motion was established in the turbulent flow according to the stress characteristics of the piped vehicle and the factors influencing its motion characteristics, and then the mathematical model was tested by experiments. The findings show that the calculated values of the velocities of the piped vehicle were identical to the experimental values with changes in various influencing factors. When the flow discharge, the diameter or length of the piped vehicle increased, or the mass of transported material decreased, the velocity of the piped vehicle increased. The maximum relative error did not exceed 9.47%, which proved that the mathematical model of the piped vehicle motion was rational. The results can provide theoretical basis to improve the structure of the piped vehicle and the piped hydraulic transportation technique of tube-contained raw material.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic fiber tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Hui-Jin Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yan-Nian Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ping Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Significant Expression

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim., an endemic tree in Ulmaceae, is the main raw material for manufacturing Xuan Paper which is widely used in calligraphy and painting field. The characteristics of P. tatarinowii bark is the main limiting factor for the quality of Xuan Paper specially the content of cellulose and lignin. The molecular basis related to cellulose and lignin synthesis in P. tatarinowii would be helpful to understand and seek higher quality raw materials for Xuan Paper. RNA-seq was utilized to reveal transcriptome differences in P. tatarinowii from three far isolated localities (AL, JX and XA) under different climate environments. A total of 290 million reads were generated for further analysis in three libraries. In total, 2,850, 2,038 and 1,986 DEGs were identified in XA, JX and AL, respectively. Compared with the sample from XA, there were 822 up-regulated and 1706 down-regulated in AL sample. AL sample has 611 up-regulated genes and 647 down-regulated genes in comparison with JX sample. Comparing XA and JX samples, 443 were up-regulated and 1,783 were down-regulated in XA. Three samples had similar GO enrichment patterns. There were 19 and 9 genes identified as CESA and CSL (E-value less than 1.0E-20), respectively. Although no significant expression differences were found in three samples, KOB1, GPI-anchored protein gene and CTL1 were differently expressed, and KOB1 and GPI-anchored protein gene were up-regulated in JX. A number of the unigenes (474) that were involved in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, were mostly not differently expressed. Only a few genes annotated as PAL, 4CL, C4H and CAD were significantly different in expression. In AL, 3 CAD and 1 PAL were up-regulated, whereas 6 CAD, 3 4CL and 1 HCT were up-regulated in XA, and 1 PAL, 2 4CL, 2 C4H in JX. JX sample had the highest cellulose content and XA sample had the highest lignin content, which being consistent with the hierarchical cluster analysis of differently expressed genes. Differences in the expression of these genes might influence the cellulose and lignin content.

scholarly journals Production of antipollutan mask based activated carbon from wasted coconut shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Nazif ◽  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest levels of air pollution in the world. Air pollution in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta due to the number of private vehicles increased at least 10% every year. This air pollution can have an impact on public health. One effort to do as a protection of people health is to use a mask. Activated carbon can be coated to mask in order to improve the effectiveness in reducing the pollutants. One good material used as material for activated carbon is coconut shell. Selection of coconut shell as the raw material of activated carbon is also based on cellulose content of 26.06%, hemicellulose content 27.07% and a lignin content of 29.40% in the dry state. This research was done in some variation such as activation methods, activated carbon mass, and adhesive material types. Based on pollutants adsorption test, mask with 6 grams of activated carbon, chemically activated, and used TEOS as adhesive is the best variation that able to adsorb as much 76,25% of CO2 Pollutants. Mask made in this research, has saturation time as long as 4 hours under high CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Full-Length Phenylalanine Ammonium Lyase and Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis of Erianthus Arundinaceus

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kasirajan ◽  
Prathima Perumal Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Agnelo Furtado ◽  
Frikkie C. Botha ◽  
Robert J. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Lignocellulosic biomasses available in abundance is the most promising raw material for alternate energy production considering the issues of dwindling oil prices, and global warming. Recently, Erianthus arundinaceous has been identified as a potential target for second generation biofuel crop due to its high biomass production, and adaptability to extreme growth environments. Lignin is a major plant cell wall polymer indispensable for plant growth and development, however it hinders the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Based on the previous transcriptome studies in a set of sugarcane genotypes differing for lignin content, genes encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) genes playing major roles in genetic regulation of lignin production have been cloned and characterized from an Erianthus clone IK 76-81. The genomic region of EriCAD was 3524 bp sequence containing four exons and three introns, among which the exon 1&2 of 88 and 80 bp were conserved with sorghum and Miscanthus CADs. The coding region of CAD was identified with 1086 bp open reading frame (ORF), a 68 bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and a 86 bp 3′ untranslated region (UTR). In the PROSITE analysis, a zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase signature (GHEVVGEVVEVGPEV) and an NADP-binding domain motif (GLGGLG) was identified. Similarly sequence analysis of PAL showed an ORF of 2106 bp encoding for 702 amino acid residues. It was flanked by 172 bp of 5′ UTR and 121 bp of 3′ UTR. This sequence information on PAL and CAD from Erianthus might be useful for subsequent research on lignin modification for improved biomass conversion.

scholarly journals Cellulase Enzyme Production From Rice Straw Using Solid State Fermentation and Fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Maftukhah ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Enzyme Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme

Rice straw is one of very abundant waste of agricultural and has not utilized maximally. This waste contain cellulose and potential in the manufacture of cellulase enzymes. Research on the production of cellulase enzyme from lignocellulose has been done a lot of enzyme activity is still low. This research using cellulose is 71.95% and conducted with 6 stages. First, the preparation of raw material. Second, the decrease of lignin content with alkali pretreatment. Third, the breeding of fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74 . Fourth, incubation in the inoculum. Fifth, the production of cellulase enzyme by solid fermentation method. Finally, the analysis includes protein content, enzyme activity, enzyme characterization and kinetics of enzymatic reactions. The highest enzyme activity of this study is 3.12 U/ml and protein content is 0.34 mg/ml with fermentation time is 4 day and water content is 75%. In enzyme characterization obtained optimum pH and temperature are 4 and 60°C, respectively. And obtained paramatic kinetic are Vmax and Km for 40, 50, 60 and 70°C temperature are Vmax: 6.42; 4.7; 5.82 and 4.46 U/ml and Km : 1.32; 0.38; 0.32; and 0.12%, respectively.

Determination of lignin content in kraft black liquors by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gizaw Gebremeskel ◽  
Fredrik Aldaeus
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Black Liquors

Abstract Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in an alkaline glycine buffer is suggested for the quantification of lignin content in black liquors (BL). The method was first tested by an external calibration with LignoBoost lignins. Then, the lignin content in BL was determined by means of a multivariate calibration with the application of a standard normal variate filter and partial least squares approach based on five principal components. The results are in agreement with those obtained by sulfuric acid lignin precipitation combined with ultraviolet measurement of the lignin in solution. The advantage of the CZE method is its independence from the knowledge of the exact absorptivity coefficient, which is needed for direct spectrophotometric lignin determination. Moreover, interfering substances and degradation products could be recognized and excluded from lignin determination; thus, the selectivity was increased significantly.

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