Time for a forum on terms used for textile fibers

The advances in manufactured fibers and textiles have garnered interest and excitement of textile artists and consumers alike for a myriad of reasons, including health, environmental, and fashion. The chemical and molecular nature of these advances, however leads to confusion and misunderstanding of the new fibers in the materials. This is exacerbated by the current climate of distrust for chemical words and desire for “green” products and the unregulated (mis)information and marketing on the web. Textile artists, consumers, and the clothing and household textile industry need clear names and labels to identify the materials they are using.

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An intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-01-2018-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 390-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xueqing Zhao ◽

Xin Shi ◽

Kaixuan Liu ◽

Yongmei Deng

Keyword(s):

Frequency Spectrum ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Image Feature ◽

Textile Fiber ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Content Type ◽

Intelligent Detection ◽

Textile Fabric

PurposeThe quality of produced textile fibers plays a very important role in the textile industry, and detection and assessment schemes are the key problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a relatively simple and effective technique to detect and assess the quality of produced textile fibers.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve automatic visual inspection of fabric defects, first, images of the textile fabric are pre-processed by using Block-Matching and 3-D (BM3D) filtering. And then, features of textile fibers image are respectively extracted, including color, texture and frequency spectrum features. The color features are extracted by using hue–saturation–intensity model, which is more consistent with the human vision perception model; texture features are extracted by using scale-invariant feature transform scheme, which is a quite good method to detect and describe the local image features, and the obtained features are robust to local geometric distortion; frequency spectrum features of textiles are less sensitive to noise and intensity variations than spatial features. Finally, for evaluating the quality of the fabric in real time, two quantitatively metric parameters, peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity, are used to objectively assess the quality of textile fabric image.FindingsCompared to the quality between production and pre-processing of textile fiber images, the BM3D filtering method is a very efficient technology to improve the quality of textile fiber images. Compared to the different features of textile fibers, like color, texture and frequency spectrum, the proposed detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature can easily detect and assess the quality of textiles. Moreover, the objective metrics can further improve the intelligence and performance of detection and assessment schemes, and it is very simple to detect and assess the quality of textiles in the textile industry.Originality/valueAn intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature is proposed, which can efficiently detect and assess the quality of textiles, thereby improving the efficiency of textile production lines.

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Plasma treatment of textile fibers

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200274030423 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 423-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 175

Author(s):

Hartwig Höcker

Keyword(s):

Plasma Treatment ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Hydrophobic Surface ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Plasma Technology ◽

Temperature Plasma ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Low-temperature plasma technologyboth glow discharge under reduced pressure as well as barrier discharge under normal pressureare well established in different industrial applications. Since recently, however, the plasma technology is being introduced in textile industry as well. Fields of application are desizing, functionalizing, and design of surface properties of textile fibers. Plasma technology is suitable to modify the chemical structure as well as the topography of the surface of the material. Examples of natural as well as man-made fibers prove the enormous potential of plasma treatment of textile materials. It has proven to be successful in shrink-resist treatment of wool with a simultaneously positive effect on the dyeing and printing. Not only the chemical structure of the surface is modified using different plasma gases but also the topography of the surface. A highly hydrophobic surface with a particular surface topography in contact with water is extremely dust- and dirt-repellent and hence should be also repellent to bacteria and fungi. Man-made fibers to be used under chemical stress are modified with diffusion-barrier layers on their surfaces without modifying the bulk properties; hence, the stability of those fibers is significantly improved.

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Coloration of different textile fibers using glycerol oxides

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517515622148 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (20) ◽

pp. 2216-2224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takeru Ohe ◽

Takeo Nakai ◽

Yurika Yoshimura

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Fenton Reaction ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Low Cost ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Wool Fibers ◽

Basic Solutions ◽

Textile Industries ◽

New Applications

We have investigated new applications of the Maillard reaction in textile industries as an alternative to conventional dyeing methods. Our previous paper indicated that only textile fibers having amino groups, such as wool, silk, and nylon fibers, were colored by chemical reactions with reducing sugars, such as d-glucose and d-xylose, but these coloration reactions were very slow compared with conventional dyeing methods. Recently, we obtained important results from our preliminary studies that trioses, such as glyceraldehyde, imparted deeper coloration to the textile fibers than other reducing sugars. However, these trioses are too expensive to be used as raw colorant materials for the textile industry. In this paper, the coloration reactions of the textile fibers having amino groups with glycerol oxides, which were obtained from low-cost glycerol by the Fenton reaction, were investigated. Interestingly, the obtained fibers were observed to be more deeply colored by the glycerol oxides than the reducing sugars mentioned above, including glyceraldehyde. Furthermore, when the wool fibers were heated in neutral or basic solutions containing glycerol oxides, the color of the fibers quickly became dark brown or almost black.

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The Coating and Impregnation of Textiles with Latex

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3539704 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 116-129

Author(s):

H. P. Stevens ◽

W. H. Stevens

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Textile Industry ◽

The United States ◽

Published Data ◽

Rubber Latex ◽

British Patent ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Made In

Abstract Of the various uses to which rubber latex might be expected to be applied, the textile industry is one of the more obvious, yet so far latex has been little used by the manufacturers of textiles, and relatively little work appears to have been done in this field of application. No doubt this arises from the fact that knowledge of the properties and handling of latex is not usually found among textile manufacturers. Where textiles impinge on rubber manufacture the conditions are otherwise, and the earliest application of latex to fibers is to be found in the manufacture of rubber goods. Perhaps the first example of this application consists of the impregnation of tire cords with latex in the place of rubber sols, initiated and developed by the United States Rubber Company (British patent 178,811 (1921); 210,397 (1923)). No information is available as to the extent to which the latex treatment is carried on today, but it does not appear that such has become universal practice in spite of the advantages claimed by the inventors. There are no published data which enable a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of latex impregnation to be made in comparison with the older process, but it is certain that the impregnation of textile fibers with latex is not as simple an operation as would appear at first sight.

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Microscopical Procedures for Investigating Natural Textile Fibers

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600024338 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 842-843

Author(s):

E. K. Boylston

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectrum ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Ir Microscopy ◽

New Process ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Cellulosic Textiles ◽

Chemical Groups

Microscopical procedures for the evaluation of cotton textiles are important to the textile industry in evaluating mixed fiber blends, dyes and chemical finishes on fabrics. A new procedure for embedding cellulosic textiles has been developed for FT-IR microscopy whereby fibers are embedded in polystyrene. This polymer does not absorb in the same regions of the infrared spectrum as cellulose or traditional acrylate and epoxy resins that contain chemical groups in common with cellulose. Additionally, use of cross-sections mounted on a KBr disk (Fig. 1) has the advantage of better resolution (Fig. 2B) than grinding and pressing fibers in a KBr disk (Fig. 2A).A new process for the evaluation of yarns has been developed. Approximately 2000 fibers before spinning, 50 yarn segments after spinning, or yarns removed from fabric after processing, can be encased in a tube, embedded in methacrylate plastic, quickly UV polymerized, and sectioned.

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Determination of Metal Contents of Various Fibers Used in Textile Industry by MP-AES

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2015/640271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Şana Sungur ◽

Fatih Gülmez

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission ◽

Limit Values ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Artificial Sweat ◽

Yellow Orange

The concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) in various textile fibers (cotton, acrylic, polyester, nylon, viscose, and polypropylene) of different colors (red, white, green, blue, yellow, orange, black, brown, purple, pink, navy, burgundy, beige, and grey) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Textile fibers were collected from the various textile plants in Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Heavy metals concentrations in all examined textile fibers after wet digestion were found to be high, whereas in the artificial sweat extract they were low. The only lead concentrations in textile fibers analyzed after extraction in the artificial sweat solution were found higher than limit values given by Oeko-Tex.

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Wool and Cashmere Fiber Identification Study Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600021449 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 264-265

Author(s):

J. D. Baker ◽

H. P. Lentz ◽

D. G. Kritikos ◽

F.H. Schamber ◽

R. J. Lee

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Textile Fibers ◽

Scale Thickness ◽

A Value ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Large Production

Despite the large production and consumption of textile fibers on a global basis, the ability to identify specific types of textile fibers with similar physical-chemical properties is a challenging obstacle for the textile industry. One problem in particular is the identification of specialty animal fibers. Cashmere is a specialty fiber that has a value of 7 to 8 times higher than its similar counterpart wool. It is important, therefore, for textile manufactures to be capable of distinguishing between bails of high value specialty fibers and those containing contamination from lower value products.Today the universally accepted method of identifying fibers is microscopic analysis. However, the optical microscope is limited because of the subjective nature of the analysis and its limited ability to easily measure different parameters of the fiber such as the fiber diameter, the fiber scale length and the fiber scale thickness.

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