scholarly journals The modal verb galėti ʻcan/could/may/mightʼ in academic Lithuanian: distribution, frequency and semantic properties

Kalbotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (69) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Functional Capacities ◽  
Semantic Properties

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the frequency and distribution patterns as well as the spectrum of modal meanings conveyed by the Lithuanian modal verb of possibility galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ in academic Lithuanian. The study is based on Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum (www.coralit.lt), a specialized synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian (roughly 9 million words). In order to allow a disciplinary comparison, the paper analyses the use of this modal verb in academic texts from three science fields: the humanities, the biomedical sciences and the technological sciences. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are employed alongside corpus-based analysis to reveal the ways in which this modal verb of possibility is used in academic language. The first part of the paper investigates the frequency patterns of various forms of galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ in the three science fields. The second part looks at the variety of meanings this modal verb can convey in Lithuanian specialised language. The results show that there is a fairly similar distribution of this modal verb across different science fields. In terms of its semantic functional capacities, galėti ‘can/could/may/might’ is used to convey all three types of modality (epistemic, deontic and dynamic), however, the most frequent use in Lithuanian academic discourse seems to be that of dynamic modality.

scholarly journals The necessitive impersonal REIK(Ė)TI ‘need’: the rise of modal meaning

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė ◽  
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The focus of the paper is on the frequency, distribution patterns and semantic profile of the necessitive impersonal reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in old and contemporary Lithuanian texts. The study employs corpus based quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate the patterns of use of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the Database of Old Writings (16th-17th centuries) as well as the fiction sub-corpus of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the humanities and biomedical sciences sub-corpora of the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit). The study follows van der Auwera and Plungian’s (1998) modality framework. The quantitative analysis shows that the present tense form reikia ‘need.PRS.3’ is the dominating one across all the sub-corpora analysed. The results of the qualitative study indicate that the deontic sub-type of participant external modality is prevailing in the old Lithuanian texts as well as in the fiction sub-corpus and in the biomedical sciences texts of the contemporary Lithuanian. The discourse of the humanities displays a fairly frequent employment of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ for discourse organising functions alongside the deontic uses. Although the usage patterns of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the biomedical sciences and the humanities share certain common features, they also point to discipline specific trends of argumentation. It is also important to observe that the objective deontic reik(ė)ti ‘need’ seems to gradually acquire the features of subjective deontic modality over time, which corresponds to the typical subjectification cline (cf. Traugott 1989).

scholarly journals Crime and individual and neighbourhood sociodemographic characteristics in the City of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabby Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The City

The overall objective of this study is to determine what neighbourhood and offender-related demographic characteristics impact crime rates in the City of Toronto. By doing so, quantitative and qualitative approaches were implemented in this study. This study includes both property and violent crime datasets from 2014-2016 and census related information from the 2011 Canadian Census. The advancing techniques of Geographical Information System (GIS) has been explored and applied to achieve a thorough understanding of crime occurrences and patterns in the city. Hotspot and Kernel Density mapping were applied to analyze the spatial distribution of crime occurrences and account for spatial autocorrelation. Findings revealed that property and violent crimes across the three years of study showed similar distribution of significant hotspots in the core, Northwest, and East end of the city. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was conducted to examine the ways in which individual and neighbourhood demographic characteristics predict the effects of crime occurrences. The OLS model was a good predictor for offender-related demographics as opposed to neighbourhood level demographics at the 0.05 significant level. These findings revealed that social disadvantaged neighbourhood characteristics such as low income, unemployment, low education, female lone parent were poor predictors of property crimes but good predictors for violent crimes. However, individual characteristics were.

scholarly journals Evolutionary trends in onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert W. Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Coral Fauna ◽  
Mushroom Coral

A phylogenetically based comparative analysis of onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) was made to reconstruct an evolutionary scenario for differentiation in fungiid shelf habitats. This phyloecological study integrates data on fungiid distribution patterns along environmental gradients on the Spermonde Shelf, SW Sulawesi, with a recently published phylogeny reconstruction of the Fungiidae. A mushroom coral fauna of 34 species was used to compare their distributions by use of 50-m2 belt quadrats in transects (1) from the mainland to the shelf edge, (2) around reefs with regard to predominant wind directions, and (3) over bathymetrical reef zones. Species association ordinations were made for each of the four shelf zones using both abundance and incidence data to examine whether closely related species cooccurred. Some closely related species or even sister species appeared to show very similar distribution patterns and to coexist in high abundances. These results indicate that there may not be community saturation and competitive exclusion among mushroom corals species, most of which are free-living. In reconstructions of fungiid habitat evolution, offshore reef slopes appear to be original (ancestral), whereas onshore habitats, shallow reef flats, and deep sandy reef bases seem to be derived. The latter is in contrast with an earlier hypothesis, in which deep sandy substrates were considered ancestral mushroom coral habitats.

Give as a light verb

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-306
Author(s):  
Elena Martínez Caro ◽  
Jorge Arús-Hita
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
British English ◽  
Light Verb Constructions ◽  
Light Verb ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Pragmatic Variation ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) have received widespread attention. Research on these constructions, however, has for the most part focused exclusively on their syntactic and lexical-semantic properties. Additionally, studies devoted to specific LVCs tend to neglect the phrasal-semantic and pragmatic variation brought about by the combination of a light verb with different nominal complements. This paper tries to fill those gaps by means of a quantitative and qualitative corpus-based study of Light give Constructions (LgiveCs). The quantitative analysis investigates frequencies of LgiveCs in British English and compares them across spoken and written (fiction) discourse, which reveals a high frequency of this construction in speech, especially in combinations of give with a ring, a kiss and an answer. When these combinations are excluded, LgiveCs are significantly more frequent in writing. In a complementary qualitative approach, we highlight the structural and discursive features of the construction and attempt to explore the factors that motivate the frequent use of the LgiveC in British English.

Localisation of two classes of acetylcholine receptor-like molecules in sperms of different animal species

Zygote ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Baccetti ◽  
A.G. Burrini ◽  
G. Collodel ◽  
C. Falugi ◽  
E. Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

SummaryThe distribution of different classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptor-like molecules in sperms of different invertebrate and vertebrate species is described. ACh receptor molecules belong to one of two classes: muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), associated with signal transduction mechanisms in the inner domain of the cell, and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), capable of opening Na+ channels when activated by the ligand. Molecules immunologically related to mAChRs and to ACh can be identified by specific antibodies, and revealed by immunofluorescent or immunogold staining; the nicotinic receptor-like molecules are localised as curare-sensitive affinity sites for α-bungarotoxin. In all species studied, both classes of receptors were found, with a similar distribution. Muscarinic-like molecules were found mainly in the sperm head regions of most species; such a localisation may be correlated to a function in sperm–egg interaction, for instance in the regulation of the block to polyspermy. Nicotinic-like molecules are present mainly in the tail and in the post-acrosomal region of most animals, thus confirming their function in the regulation of sperm propulsion, but are also present at the acrosomal region of most species. The distribution patterns of the different classes of molecules indicate that both may be in sperm–egg interactions, in addition to their known function in the regulation of sperm propulsion.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTENNAL SENSE ORGANS OF FEMALE CULICINE MOSQUITOES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Culex Fatigans

AbstractThe type, number, and distribution of the antennal sense organs of female Culex territans Walker and Culex restuans (Theo.) were determined and compared to similar data on Culex pipiens L., Culex fatigans Wiedemann, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett. All types of sense organs have similar distribution patterns on the five species, but large differences in number occur. These differences are discussed with regard to the host preference of the mosquitoes.

Distribution patterns in the genus Peltigera Willd

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martínez ◽  
Ana Rosa Burgaz ◽  
Orvo Vitikainen ◽  
Adrián Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Floristic Elements ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Holarctic Species

AbstractThe distribution of sixty-six Peltigera species in 230 biogeographic provinces or 40 regions are presented. A hierarchical clustering approach, used to identify clusters of species with similar distribution patterns (floristic elements), resolved four groups made up of Neotropical, Southern Hemisphere, Antarctic and mainly Holarctic species. The Holarctic Kingdom is species rich with the highest number of Peltigera species and also the highest number of endemic species; the Australian and Cape Kingdoms have the lowest number of species and endemics. The species rich provinces are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals ENHANCING PROFESSIONAL COMPENENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS IN THE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Oksana Kovalenko ◽  
Olga Afanasenko
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Writing Course ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Selection For

The paper presents the ideas on integration of English language academic writing into the training of Mater of Pharmacy students. The academic literature demonstrates a powerful didactic potential for the development of both language and professional competence of students majoring in pharmacy. This fact is evidenced by the empirical study that demonstrates the finding reflected in students’ graduation academic project performance. As a measurement tools we employed assessment rubrics of the graduate project, content analysis and questionnaire on teachers’ feedback. The participants of the study were students from the Pharmacy faculty and teachers of English for Academic Purposes in cooperation with teachers of pharmacy. Together they outlined the criteria for the texts selection. According to the results, students mastered not only academic writing skills, but also the skills of information processing and evaluation, critical thinking, presentation of information and academic integrity. The paper also presents methodological recommendations on academic texts selection for pharmaceutical students and forms of teachingacademic writing to students of non-linguistic specialties. The results of the study allow to draw the conclusion academic writing course will enhance professional competence and reduce students’ misinterpreting of academic language.

scholarly journals Hybridity and Linguistic Pluralism: A Pragmatic Analysis of University Academic Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol III (III) ◽  
pp. 447-465
Author(s):  
Nazakat ◽  
Muhammad Safeer Awan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pragmatic Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factor

The language used in academic texts and pedagogy is referred as academic discourse. Being student and teacher, the researchers observed that mixing of home language with academic language was a common practice in many institutions. Some linguists appreciate it, while others resist it by claiming it detrimental to objectivity and neutrality. Chiang (2006) finds role of teacher’s discourse a determining factor in pedagogy. Current study was conducted to observe the phenomenon of hybridization in academic discourse and to assess it in the light of pragmatics. Pragmatic analysis is known as a useful method to infer covert and implicit meanings of language (Savignon, 2007) and the researchers deemed it appropriate for current research. The pragmatic analysis could provide a newer outlook on academic discourse. Data was collected through observation sheet from the classes. Questionnaire was also used to get relevant data from teachers. The findings revealed that teachers often relied on cultural and ideological underpinnings in their pedagogy. The individual conversational styles were also responsible for different mode of hybridization and subsequently reinforced diverse facet of discourse different in pragmatic nature. The data was first analyzed for hybridization followed by its pragmatic analysis. The study was important in the backdrop of one of many beliefs, that meaning never remains fixed and it resides in socio-cultural structures and lack of pragmatic knowledge among interlocutors impedes semantic proficiency. The study revealed utility of pragmatic competence in turning this mixing of discourses in a class into a continuum. It also found that knowledge of academic pragmatics could reinforce semantic proficiency.

Nightlife

Geography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Business People ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
Modes Of Governance

The study of nightlife, or the “nighttime economy,” is the study of nocturnal leisure and entertainment. It is not a uniquely geographical theme; the emergent field of nightlife studies also incorporates research from history, urban studies, sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, biomedical sciences, and other disciplines. Despite this range of interventions, when the word nightlife is used in both everyday and academic language, it almost always refers to a specific portion of nighttime activity, usually taking place in pubs, bars, and restaurants, incorporating alcohol drinking, dancing, eating, and socializing. This article both aims to introduce work that has studied this “dominant” nightlife, and also suggests examples of research and sites where different or alternative nightlives are present. Researchers have shown how nightlife has grown with the spread and extension of capitalism, alongside technologies such as artificial lighting, modes of governance that are relaxed about permitting public life at night, and the growth of the leisure society. In its contemporary form, nightlife has become associated with neoliberal capitalism, as reduced regulations on alcohol retail and consumption in many countries have encouraged the growth of nightlife. Through globalization, and in particular through the emergence of global cities that seek to compete for relatively footloose business people, the “creative class,” and tourists, Western-style nightlife has spread as a tick-box on the list of criteria for being a global city. Relatedly, research has been dominated by the European and Anglophone cities from which this nightlife has emerged, though the structural biases of academic practice have also contributed to this. This article inevitably reflects those biases, but examples of research from Asia, Africa, and South America are also included. Beyond the political and economic spread of neoliberal nighttime economy, nightlife also has important cultural resonances. Both mainstream and alternative nightlife cultures offer insights into everyday life, and included in the bibliography are some of the detailed and evocative ethnographies of different nightlife sites and communities. The experience of nightlife is inevitably differentiated according to commonly recognized grounds of intersecting social groupings: race, class, gender, religion, and so forth. Papers in this article introduce some of these differences, and the inclusions or exclusions associated with them.

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