scholarly journals The Significance of Interslavonic Language Contacts in the Formation of a New Type of Literary Russian

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (28) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Liudmila Garbul
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
New Type ◽  
Polish Culture

This article presents facts verifying the presence of nearly 1,000 lexical and over 300 semantic Polonisms found in the Russian chancery language (diplomatic correspondence) of the Muscovite state of the end of 16th and the first half of the 17th cen­turies, and draws conclusions about the role of the Polish influence on the Russian written language at that time and thereafter. According to our data, the Polish influence on the Russian written language in the first half of the 17th century extended both in terms of quantity and quality as well, which led to the close interaction of the lexical and semantic systems of the contiguous languages on a deeper level. This, in our opinion, allows us to discuss the fact that the production of the Posolsky Prikaz (ambassadorial office) in the second half of the 16th–17th centuries acted not only as one of the main channels of the Polonisation of Russian lexis, but—due to the rather large amount of semantic borrowings, as well as the increasing number of intraslavonic derivates among lexical borrowings in the 17th century— encouraged the extension of the influence of Polish culture in a broader aspect as well. This was reflected in the strategy of the formation of Muscovite Russian language policy, when the southwestern Russian language, which in its turn represented the borrowing of the Polish language situation, was being transformed onto the Great Russian soil. It should be pointed out that the prostaja mova, which—due to the absence of its equivalent in Great Russian conditions—played a great role and acted as an active mediator in Polish–Russian language contacts, influenced the chancery language of the Muscovite state, espe­cially diplomatic correspondence.

scholarly journals Economic risks of language policy and language culture of youth in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Smyslova ◽  
Andrei A. Linchenko ◽  
Daria V. Lakomova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Economic Risks

The purpose of the article was to classify and analyze the economic risks of language policy in Russia in the context of the peculiarities of the language culture of young people, as well as their ideas about the place and role of the Russian language in the economic development of Russia. The systemic nature of these risks, as well as the post-fundamentalist interpretation of political philosophy, allowed us to single out and classify the external and internal risks of language policy, as well as talk about the internal risks of language policy not only in the aspect of public policy (policy level), but also in the aspect of public activity and initiative (political level). It was revealed that the key problem of external risk management is the lack of certainty of the functional role of the Russian language. The key problem of managing internal risks is to change the emphasis of language policy from preserving the language situation to increasing human economic well-being, reducing language barriers as economic barriers. The fundamental problem of Russian language policy lies in the absolutization of the role of the state and its policy and insufficient attention to non-state actors, public organizations, communities and social groups as subjects of language policy. A reflection of the general inconsistency of modern Russian language policy is the state and peculiarities of the economic consciousness of young people, the study of which was undertaken by us in the aspect of the attitude and interpretation of foreign economic vocabulary by young people in Russian. It was found that, on the one hand, Russian youth demonstrates a positive attitude towards the possibility of finding and implementing Russian equivalents of foreign economic terms and concepts, and on the other hand, the study recorded an increase in skepticism towards this as young people grow up and are included in work and business. At the same time, it was revealed the importance of the educational sphere and the media as mediums for the transformation of language culture and tools of language policy.

scholarly journals Zmiany sytuacji językowej w Wierszynie koło Irkucka w warunkach dwujęzyczności polsko-rosyjskiej

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Michał Głuszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Minority Rights ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Local School ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Regions Of Origin

Changes in the language situation of Vershina near Irkutsk in the conditions of Polish-Russian bilingualismVershina was founded in 1910 by Polish voluntary settlers from Lesser Poland. There are three main periods in Vershina’s history, with different social conditions affecting the language choice. During its first three decades the settlers preserved Polish language (a mixture of dialects from their regions of origin), traditions and the Roman Catholic religion. The effects of the Revolution of 1917 and political changes came to a village in taiga only in the late 1930’s. Vershina lost its former ethnocultural homogeneity because of Russian and Buryat workers in the local kolkhoz. It was the beginning of the increasing role of Russian language in the village’s life. The process of intensive sovietization as well as heterogeneous marriages affected language choice in many domains. In the late 1980’s the inhabitants of Vershina regained their minority rights: they can pray in their own church, learn Polish in a local school and found cultural organisations. However, during the years of communism, the language situation changed irreversibly. There are some factors which may hinder the increasing domination of Russian language, such as activity of local Polish organisation, Roman Catholic parish and folk group “Jazhumbek” but their influence is limited. Изменения языковой ситуации в Вершине Иркутской области в условиях польско-русского билингвизма Вершина была основана в 1910 г. польскими добровольными переселенцами из Малой Польши. В истории деревни мы можем выделить три основных периода, характеризирующиеся разными социальными условиями, влияющими на выбор языка. За первые три десятилетия жители Вершины сохраняли польский язык (смесь диалектов из их родных регионов), традиции и римско-католическое вероисповедание. Вершининцы (как они сами называют себя) почувствовали последствия Октябрьской революции и политические изменения только в конце 30-х гг. ХХ века. Вершина потеряла прежнюю этнокультурную гомогенность из-за присоединения к местному колхозу бурятских и русских хуторов. Роль русского языка в жизни деревни стала постепенно увеличиваться. Процесс интенсивной советизации, а также смешанные браки повлияли на выбор языка во многих сферах жизни. В конце 80-х гг. ХХ века жителям Вершины вернули их права меньшинства: они могут молиться в своем костеле, учиться польскому языку в местной школе и создавать организации, но время коммунизма неотвратимо изменило языковую ситуацию общины. Увеличивающееся преобладание русского языка может остановить лишь активная деятельность местной польской организации, римско-католического прихода и фольклорного ансамбля «Яжумбек» („Рябчик”), но их влияние ограничено.

scholarly journals Język polski na Białorusi

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Teresa Kryszyń
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
State University ◽  
Polish Groups ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Polish Culture

Polish language in the Republic of Belarus The situation of the Polish minority in Belarus was always difficult because the politics of Belarusian authorities was focused on destruction of anything connected with Polish culture or possessing Polish roots: intelligentsia, school, theatres, press. The reestablishing of Polish education in late 80-ties of the last century started from scratch therefore and the biggest amount of learners studied Polish in late 90-ties of the XX century. Recently the amount of students has decreased which is explained by the current demographical and political situation. The most significant influence on forming national consciousness is possesses by family. Unfortunately nowadays it is being observed that most of Polish families has not performed that function anymore and using of Polish language by members of Polish families is decreasing. The leading role of Polish language in a Catholic liturgy is changing as well: the word “Catholic” does not mean “Pole”. According to surveys 66% of Catholics would prefer Polish as the language of liturgy, 20% – Belarusian, 10% – Russian and Polish, 4% – another language. This situation creates the possibility of disappearing of Polish language from liturgy and catechism. Consequently the role of Polish schools and organizations in education of children and teenagers has increased. Language acquisition begins in kindergartens during extra lessons or within Polish groups. The forms of language acquisition at school vary a lot. Most of the students learn Polish languages after-hours, some of them attends required Polish classes at school. Moreover there are two Polish schools of Grodno region. There is an opportunity of studying Polish language in high educational establishments in Belarus, e.g. in Grodno State University Polish language department has existed since 1989 and it prepares its students to teaching Polish language. Farther development of Polish education in Belarus depends on both factors the Poles attitude and current political situation in the country. Польский язык в Республике БеларусьПоложение польского национального меньшинства в РБ всегда была трудной, так как политика властей была направлена на уничтожение всего, что имело польские корни и было связано с польской культурой: интеллигенции, школ, театров, газет. В связи с этим возрождение образования на польском языке в конце 80-тых годов прошлого столетия начиналось с нулевого уровня и наибольшее количество учащихся изучало польский язык в конце 90-тых годов XX века. В последние годы наблюдается уменьшение количества учащихся, что объясняется демографической и современной политической ситуацией. На формирование национального самосознания наиболее значительное влияние оказывает cемья. К сожалению, большинство современных польских семей не выполняет эту функцию, использование польского языка как языка внутрисемейных отношений уменьшается. Польский язык в костеле также выходит из употребления, понятие “католик” сегодня уже не означает “поляк”. Как видно из исследований, 66% католиков хотели бы, чтобы литургия в костелах была на польском языке, 20% – на белорусском, 10% – на польском и русском, 4% – ином языке. Такая ситуация создает опасность исчезновения польского языка из литургии и катехизиса. В связи с вышесказанным усиливается роль польских школ и польских общественных объединений в воспитании и обучении детей и молодежи. Oбучение и воспитание детей польскому языку начинается уже в детском саду в кружках либо в специальных группах с обучением и воспитанием на польском языке. В школах обучение польскому языку ведется в разных формах. Наибольшее количество желающих учится во внеурочное время, определенная часть – в классах с обязательным изучением польского языка. Помимо этого в Гродненской области существуют две школы с обучением на польском языке. В высших учебных заведениях Беларуси также изучается польский язык, а в Гродненском госуниверситете с 1989 г. cуществует кафедра полонистики, занимающаяся подготовкой учителей польского языка. Дальнейшее развитие польскоязычного образования в РБ зависит как от позиции поляков, так и от современной политической ситуации в нашей стране.

STUDYING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A FACTOR OF HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-124
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Shneider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article considers issues related to the status and role of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space. It is emphasized that Russian language remains one of the main factors that still unites the countries of the post-Soviet region, different from a socio-cultural point of view. The author pays special attention to the study of the Russian language in schools. It is noted that in a number of states in the region, the Russian language is compul- sory for learning. These countries include Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Ukraine, Georgia, Moldo- va, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Turkmenistan, Russian language is taught in secondary schools as a second foreign language. The author emphasizes that language policy does not always correspond to the language environment, which develops naturally and depends on a number of socio-cultural factors. In this regard, the author considers in detail the linguistic situation in each of the countries of the post-Soviet space. In the final part of the article, the author emphasizes that the prospects for studying the Russian language in the post-Soviet countries depend on various factors: the level of training of teachers, the demand for the Russian language, the preservation of the Rus- sian-speaking environment and the pursuit of a flexible language policy.

scholarly journals SPELLING NORM AS SACRED PHENOMENON

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
A.D. Vasilyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language

Statement of the problem. The norm is an extremely important category that serves to regulate the diverse activities of society. With the help of ideas about the norm, an axiological scale is formed. Depending on the fundamental circumstances this scale is subject to remarking: the sacred and the profane change places. This also applies to issues of language policy, most clearly found in the field of spelling. It is in establishing uniform rules of spelling and punctuation that the state manifests its will in the most visible way. The purpose of the article is sociolinguistic analysis of spelling reforms and their results. Research methodology. Sociolinguistic analysis involves the analysis of language phenomena on the basis of the stated concept in specific historical and social conditions, as well as taking into account social, psychological, and linguistic characteristics of the audience to which they are aimed. The results of the study. The history of the Russian language knows cases of radical spelling reforms. However, the most famous of them (1917), when spelling was drastically simplified to facilitate its mastering by people at large, entailed very negative psychosocial ramifications, in effect, a sharply contemptuous disregard of rules. The most recent example of the project for the Russian spelling reform in the 21 st century was developed in 2007, but did not receive official approval. Conclusions. Russian should be strictly regulated in accordance with the existing rules of the Russian written language, based on the sacred status of the Russian language as one of the key symbols of the state. It is also advisable to regularly publish constantly updated spelling dictionaries after their mandatory official approval.

scholarly journals Language Policy of Ukraine: Major Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
E. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Limited Scope

In its almost three decades history, Ukrainian language policy has gone through several stages of its development. Formed before the collapse of theUSSR, the Ukrainian elite actively used the issue of the language to achieve its political goals. Even at the turn of the 80-90s of the last century, the issue on the status of the Russian language was in the focus of the political struggle. Relying on the party and bureaucratic apparatus support, the nationalistically-spirited elite ofUkrainebegan to use the language issue for winning over the population of the southeastern regions. At that time, it was of great importance, since before the collapse of theUSSR, the Ukrainian elite was interested in preventing the growth of protest sentiment within the country. In subsequent years, the issue of the Russian language status has repeatedly become the subject of intense political battles and speculation as well. The Party of Regions, the Communist Party exploited the theme of “protecting” the Russian language to consolidate their electorate before the parliamentary and presidential elections. Concurrently, the Western Ukrainian elites defended a different position, proposing to expand the scope of the Ukrainian language while at the same time confine the Russian language.Despite the turmoil between the Western Ukrainian and Eastern Ukrainian elites, especially during the pre-election periods,Ukrainegradually “drifted” towards restricting the use of the Russian language and expanding Ukrainian in education and culture.The situation in the linguistic sphere inUkrainechanged dramatically after 2014, when representatives of nationalist forces came to power. It became a policy to revise the legislation governing on the use of languages of national minorities, to which the Russian language began to fall into. As a result, the possibilities for using the Russian language were confined, while enhancing the role of the Ukrainian language. This situation has already aggravated the relations betweenUkraineand neighboring countries, in which they negatively evaluatedUkraine’s policy in the language sphere. In addition, limited scope for the Russian language has ratcheted up tension within the country, provoking new inter-regional contradictions.

Stem Cells And Cell Therapy: A Sober View Organization Of Medical Personnel Training During A New Type Of Coronavirus Pandemic: Experience Of The Medico-Biological University Of Innovation And Continuing Education (Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Of Federal Medical Biological Agency)

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Olga Kuznetsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
New Type

The article is devoted to the problems of organizing training of doctors during a new type of coronavirus pandemic. The author describes the experience of the Federal research center in training doctors to work in infectious diseases hospitals. Much attention is paid to the organization of the educational process for residents and postgraduates. The describes the experience about the importance of the experience gained for understanding the prospects of the education system and the great role of the teaching staff in overcoming the difficulties caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic.

TEXT-FORMING FUNCTIONS OF IMPERATIVES IN LEONTII KARPOVYCH’S SERMONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Т. О. Asieieva
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Original Compositions ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
New Type ◽  
Communicative Act

In this article we study the texts of Leontii Karpovych in the context of a new type of sermon — the baroque sermon of the 17th century. The seventeenth century is notable for the fact that the aesthetics of the Baroque brought Ukrainian religious literature to a qualitatively new level, enriched it with many original compositions. In this context, we emphasize the figure of Leontii Karpovych, as in his work the features of a new type of sermon are beginning to be clearly pronounced, although the first texts date back to 1617. In order to form the views of believers and to enshrine in their minds religious teachings, to convey to them the word of God, the preacher must be able to use language resources skillfully that will help to achieve the goal. We analyze the functions of imperative forms of verbs in Leontii Karpovych’s baroque sermons. The sermon is studied as a communicative act between the preacher and the recipient. In the article we study the peculiarities of the functioning of grammatical categories of person and number in the text of Leontiі Karpovych’s sermon. We put emphasis on the use of imperative forms in accordance with the structural canon of the baroque sermon of the 17th centurу (the structure of the sermon consists of exordium, narration, and conclusion). Also, we investigate the functioning of performative verbs (mental and social) because the sermon, as a genre of religious literature, is based on the act of communication of the preacher with the audience. We analyze the consequences of using certain forms of imperatives (rapprochement with the audience, separation from the audience, the formation of a call to action, the actualization of the role of the preacher as a mentor), and the productivity of these forms.

scholarly journals Realities of bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aigul Ilyasovna Khaliulina ◽  
Murat Nilovich Ishemgulov ◽  
Elina Failevna Idrisova
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan. Special attention is given to actualization of the ethno-lingual identity of non-Russian population in the republic. Leaning on the ethnosociological studies, the author examine the scale of proliferation of national-Russian bilingualism in Bashkortostan, analyze the key markers in selection of the native language among some ethnic groups, as well as determine the role of Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt to determine the intensity of usage of national languages of non-Russian peoples and their interaction with the Russian language based on the wide-scale ethnosociological studies. The acquired results demonstrate that among Bashkir population, the native language still prevails over Russian by the level of language competence; while among urban Tatars, the Russian language has noticeably exceeded the native language of communication. At the same time, the results of ethnosociological research, confirming the results of the All-Russia Population Census of 2010 on the language competence of the residents of Bashkortostan, testify to the fact that their speech activity is oriented mostly towards learning Russian than the language of their ethnicity.

scholarly journals On the role of the Novgorod tradition of Latin translations in the history of Russian language and culture: Lexical borrowings and unconscious fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Vittorio S. Tomelleri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
History Of

The Latin influence upon Old Russian language and culture can be detected and studied at different levels (lexical, syntactical and phraseological). In addition to shortly discussing the different fates, on Russian soil, of two etymologically related words, biblija and biblioteka , this paper presents the particular case of an aphoristic quotation taken from the introduction to the Slavic translation of the Donatus . This proposal, pointing to the fundamental position of grammar within the system of the seven liberal arts (основание и подошва всем свободным хитростям — origo et fundamentum omnium liberalium artium), in later centuries has been referred to in different scientific works devoted to grammatical or pedagogical issues. However, there has not been any direct reference to the primary source and, as a consequence, these words have been subjected to different interpretations: from Maximus the Greek’s translation activity in Russia to the orthodox response to the challenge posed by Jesuit schools. The material collected and briefly discussed in the article points once again to the importance of taking into account, when approaching the tradition of Novgorod translations from Latin, not only the identification of the Urtext (direct tradition), but also its later reception and individual history (indirect tradition). Going beyond the temporal and spatial boundaries of Novgorod translated literature, we can examine its relevant and partially still unknown contribution to Russian cultural history within a broader and more stimulating perspective.

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