scholarly journals Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński księdza Franciszka Paprockiego

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Regina Jakubėnas
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The University ◽  
Printing House

W Wilnie w połowie lat 30. XVIII wieku jezuita ks. Jan Antoni Poszakowski (1684–1757) wydał pierwszy kalendarz, który zapoczątkował nową serię druków w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Druki te stały się jedną z najpoczytniejszych form czytelnictwa w XVIII wieku w WKL1. W 2 połowie XVIII wieku wydawanie jezuickich kalendarzy w Wilnie odnowił historyk ks. Franciszek Paprocki (1723–1805)....Regina JakubėnasThe Political Vilnius Calendar of the priest Franciszek PaprockiThe article is devoted to the publishing of calendars – a permanent publishing initiative, launched in the first half of the 18th century and continued by the Jesuit priest Franciszek Paprocki (1723–1805) in the University Printing House in the second half of the 18th century. Calendars were among the most widely read publications of those times. Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński (the Political Vilnius Calendar), which was being published for more than 25 years, is presented here. It was regularly advertised in the Vilnius press. News about scientific, geographical and astronomical discoveries, statistical data, information about the socio-political system of the European countries, its rulers, the structure of authorities, constitutions, regulations, the decisions of the Parliament, as well as curiosities, pieces of practical advice and gossip were published in the calendar.The calendar became a valuable source of knowledge which reflected cultural changes on the territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in the Age of Enlightenment.Keywords: Franciszek Paprocki, calendars of the 18th century, Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński, Great Duchy of Lithuania.

Gaceta de Guatemala in the Colonial Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Poupeney Hart
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Political ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
The Third ◽  
The University ◽  
Political Turmoil

Gaceta de Guatemala is the name of a newspaper spanning four series and published in Central America before the region’s independence from Spain. As one of the first newspapers to appear in Spanish America on a periodical basis, the initial series (1729–1731) was inspired by its Mexican counterpart (Gaceta de México) and thus it adopted a strong local and chronological focus. The title resurfaced at the end of the 18th century thanks to the printer and bookseller Ignacio Beteta who would assure its continuity until 1816. The paper appeared as a mainly news-oriented publication (1793–1796), only to be reshaped and energized by a small group of enlightened men close to the university and the local government (1797–1807). In an effort to galvanize society along the lines of the reforms promoted by the Bourbon regime, and to engage in a dialogue with readers beyond the borders of the capital city of Guatemala, they relied on a vast array of sources (authorized and censored) and on a journalistic model associated with the British Spectator: it allowed them to explore different genres and a wide variety of topics, while also allowing the paper to fulfill its role as an official and practical news channel. The closure of the Economic Society which had been the initial motor for the third series, and the failure to attract or retain strong contributors led slowly to the journal’s social irrelevance. It was resurrected a year after ceasing publication, to address the political turmoil caused by the Napoleonic invasion of the Peninsula and to curb this event’s repercussions overseas. These circumstances warranted a mainly news-oriented format, which prevailed in the following years. The official character of the paper was confirmed in 1812 when it appeared as the Gaceta del Gobierno de Guatemala, a name with which it finally ended publication (1808–1816).

scholarly journals Influence of migration processes on the political system of Germany: realities and prospects

nauka.me ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Tatiana Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Migration Crisis

The article examines the current migration crisis in Germany, which is the most suffered from the crisis from all European countries. The influence of the migration crisis on the political system of Germany is investigated. Practical steps are proposed to resolve the migration crisis in Germany

scholarly journals Poradziecka oligarchizacja Ukrainy i Białorusi: procesy, mechanizmy, perspektywy

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Maxim Rust
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
Eastern European Countries

In Eastern European countries, the issue of the oligarchisation of the political system is one of the most important factors influencing the process of systemic transformation. In Ukraine, the phenomenon of oligarchisation took on the classic post-Soviet form of influencing the political elite. In Belarus, its importance is smaller and of a different character. When analysing the dynamics of the socio-political development of both republics after 1991, the vision of Ukraine without oligarchs, or inversely – Belarus with the established oligarchic system is not so obvious. The main goal of this article is to compare and evaluate the reforms and socio-political changes in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the role played by the oligarchisation of these countries.

scholarly journals Efektywna demokracja parlamentarna Michela Debré

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Ujazdowski
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political System ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
French Model

EFFECTIVE PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY BY MICHEL DEBRÉIn the 1930s, France epitomized a weakness of parliamentary democracy. Third Republic, that was recognized by many European countries as a model political system, was actually hit by a grave crisis combined with an increase of popularity of authoritarian trends. Undoubtedly, ineffectiveness of the French model of parliamentary democracy contributed to the fall of republican France in 1940. An in-depth and interesting analysis, which may also be recognized as an attempt made to overcome the weaknesses of parliamentary democracy, was put forward by Michel Debré in his writings published in the WWII years. One of the reasons why his draft of a rationalized parlia­mentary system deserves special attention is that this document inspired establishment of the Fifth Republic. Debré offered an exceptional lesson of critical thinking about the political system. This outstanding lawyer was able to correctly identify and effectively eliminate the vices of parliament­ary governments.

scholarly journals Impediments to public consultations in the Polish local self-government

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Marcin Pomaranski
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
The Political ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consultations

The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of legislative solutions and practical application of the public consultations in the Polish local government after 1989. The legal changes that occurred during this period have guaranteed Polish citizens the tool to direct exercising the political power. Unfortunately, the lack of legislative precision in the use of mechanisms of civic participation in Poland is characteristic of public consultation. Despite the fact that this solution has been used by public administration since the political-system transformation and the passing of the Act on Gmina Self-Government of 1990, and that in 1997 the consultations as a form of the exercise of power by the citizens were also established in the Constitution, for the first two decades there was a fairly great freedom of interpretation in holding them, which the local self-government authorities widely used. Positive changes in the practice of using the mechanisms of public consultation in Poland, including the formulation of the widely accepted set of guidelines and practical advice concerning the manner of implementing these mechanisms, began to take place only in the last four to five years. Main thesis of the paper is the opinion that public consultations in the example of the Polish self-government despite nearly three decades of legislative and political experiences are still not an effective tool of direct democracy, but only a bureaucratic facade.

scholarly journals The Political Trends of the Youth of University in Palestine and Algeria: A Comparative Field Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Saida Khedrane ◽  
Al-Sayed Abdel-Mottaleb Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

The current study aims to measure the level of political trends of University’s youth in Palestine and Algeria. A questionnaire has been used for collecting data about the opinions of a sample of students at Al - Najah National University of Palestine and Kasdi Merbah University of Algeria enrolled in the academic year 2015- 2016. The study has adopted the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) for the purposes of measurement. It has concluded that the nature of the political trends of the university youth at the Palestinian University tends to the negative level more than the positive one due to the conditions of occupation and political instability in the Palestine arena. On the other hand, the nature of the political trends of the university youth in the Algerian university tends to the positive level more than the negative one. This is due to the state of political stability characterized by the political system in Algeria, as well as the political reforms that have positively affected the nature of the political trends of the university youth since President Abdul Aziz Bouteflika took power in Algeria, down to creating a higher council for youth in the new constitutional amendment of 2016.

Students and the Political System of the University of Buenos Aires

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political System ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Student Group ◽  
American University ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
National University ◽  
The University

The National University of Buenos Aires, the largest and for many years the most prestigious in Latin America, is today more commonly taken as the archetype of the political Latin American university—and the connotations of “political” are wholly pejorative. This notoriety may be due in part, as Kalman Silvert suggests, to the high visibility of the University, especially to touring North American newsmen. Nevertheless, as its numerous critics allege, there seems to be abundant evidence to link politics to the manifest disarray of the educational process: in the well-publicized brawls among contending student factions and confrontations between demonstrators and the police, student strikes in opposition to procedural reforms desirable on grounds of efficiency, the reputed “terrorization” of heterodox professors, several student homicides in recent years, the distressingly high incidence of abandonos (for it is assumed, erroneously, that many withdrawals from the University are motivated by disgust with its politics); student political behavior as in the abusive reception tendered W. W. Rostow by a student group in Economic Sciences in February 1965, may have international repercussions. Such depressing phenomena have led even temperate and knowledgeable observers to speak of the “failure” of the University, and to call for a thoroughgoing structural overhaul, conducive, among other things, to depoliticization.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Southern Caucasus Countries’ Political Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Konstantine Shubitidze ◽  
Tornike Tevdoradze
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Points Of View

Caucasus is one of the most popular region for the world in the political view. Three countries – Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan – are part of that region. Despite of the close ties between them and the neighborhood, they have political system similarities and differences as well.  In the paper, we will discuss and compare those three countries from different points of view: political regimes, types of government, number of ministries, economics, political culture, political parties in the parliament and demography. We will find out which country is much forward in these spares, what are their problems and perspectives, what their main political course is and how they interact to each other. In addition to that, we will also discuss and prove our statements by the statistical data of democracy level or political transparency. In addition, it will show some actual problems in the region to the reader and finally it will draw clear picture of the political environment in the region. Keywords: Political Regimes, Democracy, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ministries, Government, Political Parties, Demography, Economy, Political Culture

Reforma szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki – główne zmiany w systemie dotyczące uczelni publicznych

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (274) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Piotr Ziółkowski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political System ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University

The aim of the presented analysis was to identify areas which are most affected by the change resulting from the reform of science and higher education in Poland. The source of this type of research is the Law on Higher Education and Science of July 20, 2018 and legal acts which, as a result of its adoption, are being repealed. Although the reform covers more entities than public universities, the new law on higher education introduces in their case the possibility of changing the system as a result of endogenous transformations. In addition to changes in the political system of the university, another area of change is the model of doctoral education, broader even the entire model of an academic career. The evaluation of the scientific activity and the financing of the university will have a different character.

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