scholarly journals Blood Leukocytes in Young and Aged Rats After Whole Body Cryostimulation (–120°C)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Victoria Lomako ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Pirozhenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Leukocyte Number ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Adaptation Index

The whole body cryostimulation (WBC) (–120°C) induces significant changes in blood leukocyte parameters in young and aged rats (total leukocyte number (leukocytosis or leukopenia); quantitative and qualitative correlation of their types, and shift direction in leukocyte formula); appearance of immature, plasm and polychromatophilic cells, cytoplasm plasmatization in some leukocytes, and changes in the integral leukocyte indices. The direction and severity of these changes depend on animals age (6–7 or 18–20 months old), number of the WBC sessions (1, 2 or 3), terms of observation (day and week) and mainly indicates physiological alterations in a body, that may be associated with the strain of involved functional systems and stress. In aged rats only, 24 hrs after the 2nd WBC session the lymphocyte percentage corresponded to a lower control value, thus indicating the training response formation at this stage. The integral leukocyte indices of aged rats underwent considerably smaller changes if compared with the young ones, especially in 24 hrs and a week after the WBC; the Garkavi adaptation index increased only in aged rats and just 24 hrs after the 3rd WBC session.

scholarly journals Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are essential transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabf2856
Author(s):  
Thibaux Van der Stede ◽  
Laura Blancquaert ◽  
Flore Stassen ◽  
Inge Everaert ◽  
Ruud Van Thienen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Perfusion ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Exercise Muscle

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans. Consequently, functional adaptations in exercise capacity, whole-body glycemic control, and vascular function were blunted. Furthermore, the sustained elevation of muscle perfusion after acute interval exercise was severely reduced when H1/H2 receptors were pharmaceutically blocked. Our work suggests that histamine H1/H2 receptors are important transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans, potentially related to regulation of optimal post-exercise muscle perfusion. These findings add to our understanding of how skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system adapt to exercise training, knowledge that will help us further unravel and develop the exercise-is-medicine concept.

Über die Radikalkonzentration von Rattenleber-Mitochondrien in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Faktoren

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Waldschmidt ◽  
H. Mönig ◽  
J. Schole
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Electron Spin ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
X Irradiation

The concentration of free radicals in freshly prepared ratliver-mitochondria was investigated under different conditions with the aid of electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The electron spin resonance signal at g=2.004 was measured at 77 °K and related to the weight in milligrams of mitochondrial protein. The concentration of free radicals increases with rising body weight or, in other words, with decreasing growth rate of the animals. A plateau is reached with about 1013 radicalcenters per mg protein for grown animals. The concentration of free radicals is 150% of the control value after fasting for 24 hours, whereas it is below the detectable level in cells of ascites hepatoma. We conclude that the concentration of free radicals determined at g = 2.004 is a function of mitochondrial activity. After whole body x-irradiation with a dose of 900 R, a significant decrease of 20% of the signal amplitude was measured. Increasing the dose to 1800 R did not decrease the radical concentration further. These results might be connected with the diminished activity of some flavin enzymes observed in liver mitochondria after x-irradiation in vivo. In further experiments we have incubated the mitochondria in vitro with various inhibitors of flavin enzymes. The individual inhibitors (ammonium-ions, KCN, acetonitrile, glucose) and also malonate reduce the concentration of free radicals to 80% of the control value in the mean if the particles are incubated at 37 °C for 5 minutes. The effect of malonate adds to the effects of the other inhibitors. The inhibitory effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol develops only after a longer incubation time. These results are discussed in connection with the influence of the same inhibitors on the Pasteureffect of yeast cells. Some specific inhibitors of the respiratory chain (Amytal, antimycin A, oligomycin) also diminish the concentration of free radicals.

DNR METILINIMO POKYČIAI PERIFERINIO KRAUJO LEUKOCITUOSE PACIENTAMS, SERGANTIEMS SKRANDŽIO VĖŽIU

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Albertas Daukša ◽  
Antanas Gulbinas ◽  
Aurelija Kazlauskaitė ◽  
Johannes Oldenburg ◽  
Osman El-Maarri
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Gastric cancers are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage in the progression of the disease, thus reducing the survival chances of the patients. Non-invasive early detection would greatly enhance therapy and survival rates. For this aim, we investigated tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/p16, RARBeta, TNFRSF10C, APC, ACIN1, DAPK1, 3OST2, BCL2 and CD44 for methylation changes in peripheral blood leukocytes of gastric cancer patients. This study shows that methylation changes in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA could provide a promising method for the early detection of gastric cancer. However, larger studies are essential to explore the clinical usefulness of a peripheral blood leukocyte DNA methylation based tests for non-invasive early detection of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Associations between CD36 gene polymorphisms and metabolic response to a short-term endurance-training program in a young-adult population

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avindra F. Jayewardene ◽  
Yorgi Mavros ◽  
Tom Gwinn ◽  
Dale P. Hancock ◽  
Kieron B. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Cd36 Gene

Recent studies have shown that CD36 gene variants are associated with an increased prevalence of chronic disease. Although a genetic component to trainability has been proven, no data are available specifically on the influence of CD36 on training response. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1527479 and rs1984112) were assessed for associations with whole-body substrate oxidation, response to a 75-g dextrose oral glucose tolerance test, fasting plasma lipids, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a young healthy cohort, both using cross-sectional analysis and following a 4-week endurance-exercise training program. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cross-sectional data were collected in 34 individuals (age, 22.7 ± 3.5 years), with 17 completing the training program. At baseline, TT SNP carriers at rs1527479 and wild-type GG carriers at rs1984112 were associated with significantly greater whole-body rate of fat oxidation (Fatox) during submaximal exercise (P < 0.05), whilst AA carriers at the same position were associated with elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. A significant genotype × time interaction in Fatoxat SNP rs1984112 was identified at rest. Significant genotype × time interactions were present at rs1527479, with TT carriers exhibiting a favourable response to training when compared with C-allele carriers for fasting TG, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In conclusion, cross-sectional assessment identified associations with Fatoxand TG. Training response at both SNPs identified “at-risk” genotypes responding favourably to the training stimulus in Fatox, TG, DBP, and MAP. Although these data show potential pleiotropic influence of CD36 SNPs, assessment in a larger cohort is warranted.

In vivo Stimulatory Effects of Neopterin on Hematopoiesis

Pteridines ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Aizawa ◽  
Masaki Hiramoto ◽  
Sonoko Araki ◽  
Hajime Hosh ◽  
Shuji Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Hemopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells

Summary The pteridine neopterin (NP) was shown to be produced by monocytes and has been known as a useful maker of immunological activation, although, the biological activity of this agent is still unclear. To elucidate the biological function of NP, the changes in the number of blood leukocyte, bone marrow and spleen hemopoietic progenitor cells after intraperitoneal administration of NP into mice were investigated. Administration of NP increased the number of blood leukocytes about 2 fold higher than that of the control at days 7 and 14. Blood films, made by smearing samples of peripheral blood, showed the increment of granulocytes in blood of NP treated animals. The number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) was also increased in both bone marrow and spleen in mice with NP administration. Extensive study showed that NP stimulated the hematological recovery in bone marrow transplanted animals. All these findings suggest that NP has a stimulating activity on hemopoiesis by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells in vivo.

scholarly journals Adult expression of PGC-1α and -1β in skeletal muscle is not required for endurance exercise-induced enhancement of exercise capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. E928-E938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ballmann ◽  
Yawen Tang ◽  
Zachary Bush ◽  
Glenn C. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Specific Deletion

Exercise has been shown to be the best intervention in the treatment of many diseases. Many of the benefits of exercise are mediated by adaptions induced in skeletal muscle. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators has emerged as being key mediators of the exercise response and is considered to be essential for many of the adaptions seen in skeletal muscle. However, the contribution of the PGC-1s in skeletal muscle has been evaluated by the use of either whole body or congenital skeletal muscle-specific deletion. In these models, PGC-1s were never present, thereby opening the possibility to developmental compensation. Therefore, we generated an inducible muscle-specific deletion of PGC-1α and -1β (iMyo-PGC-1DKO), in which both PGC-1α and -β can be deleted specifically in adult skeletal muscle. These iMyo-PGC-1DKO animals were used to assess the role of both PGC-1α and -1β in adult skeletal muscle and their contribution to the exercise training response. Untrained iMyo-PGC-1DKO animals exhibited a time-dependent decrease in exercise performance 8 wk postdeletion, similar to what was observed in the congenital muscle-specific PGC-1DKOs. However, after 4 wk of voluntary training, the iMyo-PGC-1DKOs exhibited an increase in exercise performance with a similar adaptive response compared with control animals. This increase was associated with an increase in electron transport complex (ETC) expression and activity in the absence of PGC-1α and -1β expression. Taken together these data suggest that PGC-1α and -1β expression are not required for training-induced exercise performance, highlighting the contribution of PGC-1-independent mechanisms.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS WITH DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTIC REGIMEN IN PROSTATE BIOPSY PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Sindhu Wibisono ◽  
Doddy M. Soebadi ◽  
Soetojo Soetojo ◽  
Budiono Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Objective: To know the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) with different antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) prostate biopsy. Material & Method: The study included 34 patients at Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, who were divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 17 patients. In the first group patients received 1000 mg of ciprofloxacin orally, in the second group cefotaxime 1000 mg iv was given prior to biopsy. The two groups were compared in terms of UTI incidence as observed from the blood levels of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and urine culture 3 days after the procedure. Results: Based on blood leukocyte levels, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0,74 and p = 0,42). So was the comparison of CRP levels. There was no other significant difference found (p = 0,53 and p = 0,27). From the results of urine culture, the ciprofloxacin group had positive urine culture results lower than the cefotaxime group (29,4% : 35,3%), although it was not statistically significant (p = 1,0). Conclusion: Based on the parameters of blood leukocytes levels, CRP and urine culture, there were no differences in the incidence of UTI after biopsy in the two groups.Keywords: TRUS prostate biopsy, UTI, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime.

scholarly journals Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. II. Distribution and cellularity of the marrow in irradiated and transfused animals

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Calvo ◽  
TM Fliedner ◽  
E Herbst ◽  
E Hugl ◽  
C Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Trabecular Bones ◽  
Marrow Cellularity ◽  
Number Of Cells

Dogs were given transfusions of cryopreserved autologous mononuclear blood leukocytes after 1200 roentgens (R) (midline dose) whole-body x- irradiation. Bone marrow repopulation was studied by means of histomorphological methods at days 9 and 10 after transfusion of an average of 3 X 10(9), 7 X 10(9), 13 X 10(9), and 31 X 10(9) cells. The return of marrow cellularity to normal values was related to the number of cells transfused. With low cell doses (3 X 10(9) and 7 X 10(9)), the marrow regeneration at 10 days was focal. There were groups of cells (colonies) showing either erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, or megakaryocytopoiesis in the osteal niches of the trabecular bones. Frequently such niches were seen showing complete cellular recovery next to niches with complete aplasia. With higher cell doses, all niches showed hemopoietic regeneration, and the cellularity approached normal values. No hemopoietic regeneration was observed in those skeletal parts that do not show hemopoiesis, even under normal circumstances.

scholarly journals Eosinophil Kinetics in Two Patients with Eosinophilia

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. HERION ◽  
R. M. GLASSER ◽  
R. I. WALKER ◽  
J. C. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Exponential Decrease ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Abstract Leukocyte kinetics were studied in two individuals with marked eosinophilia. Blood leukocytes, labeled in vitro with Na251CrO4, disappeared from the circulation at different rates in the two subjects during the first eight hours after infusion. In one, label disappeared exponentially with a T/2 of 4.5-5.0 hours; in the other, the level of radioactivity remained constant. In both, however, a significant rise in radioactivity appeared during the second 24 hours, suggesting recirculation of the eosinophils. Blood leukocyte DNA-32P labeling was similar in both subjects and closely resembled neutrophil DNA-32P labeling observed in normal individuals. Hydrocortisone infusion produced an exponential decrease in circulating eosinophils in one subject and, for reasons unknown, a linear decrease in the other; the drug exhibited no effect on eosinophils in vitro.

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