scholarly journals SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVES OF RURAL AREAS’ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Maria ILINA ◽  
◽  
Yulia SHPYLIOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Low standards of people’s living and economic depression in rural areas in Ukraine make it difficult to achieve the systemic integrity of economic, social and environmental components of the sustainable development. The imbalance between these components causes worsening of the environmental harms and deteriorates conditions for the human capital’s reproduction. The purpose of the article is to substantiate with theoretical and practical means the content and structure of social and ecological imperatives, which are represented as norms and standards relating to economic activities aiming to improve the policy of natural resources use and protect the ecosystem’s integrity of the territories. Economic imperatives reflect a set of rules applied to all economic entities operating within the current regulatory framework. It takes into account various factors and immanent actions. Key challenges, which are most urgent for a society at a certain time and form guidelines for solving problems of social relations and interactions, determine structure and content of social imperatives. Ecological imperatives regulate anthropogenic activity formally and informally and cause changes in the natural environment. They are dynamic and can vary depending on the level of the development of a society, its technologies, welfare, and institutional framework. Laws and principles of the development, summarized in the form of the imperatives, outline the target benchmarks and national priorities on modernization of the economy and improvement of living standards. Spatial differentiation of the territories takes into account their proximity to urban centers, the degree of economic capacity, the availability of social infrastructure of the proper quality, and meeting environmental standards. One more significant parameter is the availability of assets, which are defined as a set of resources of a territory, the potential and opportunities for their use. The achievement of the national priorities in Ukraine currently is complicated with inefficient use of territorial assets. Social and ecological imperatives are the solid value and normative ground for the development of local policy. One of its obvious steps is the mutually linked differentiation of the priorities, types of the territories and available assets of them.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE LEVELS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dolata ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this paper is to assess the leveland spatial differentiation of selected environmental governanceparameters in the context of implementing the sustainabledevelopment concept in rural areas of the Wielkopolskievoivodeship districts in 2005 and 2015. The research procedurewas made up of three steps: review of the relevant literatureand selection of indicators to describe the environmentalgovernance topics; analyzing the changes in, and spatial differentiationof, specific environmental governance components;and ranking the districts. The basic source of data wasthe online database delivered by the Central Statistical Officein Warsaw, the Local Data Bank. As shown by the results,there is considerable spatial differentiation of specific environmentalgovernance components; however, when analyzedglobally, environmental governance proves to be a relativelynon-diversified process. In 2015, the highest sustainabilitylevels were recorded in rural areas of the following districts:Złotów, Kępno and Jarocin. In turn, the lowest levels werefound in Września, Wągrowiec and Śrem districts.

scholarly journals State support of the village social infrastructure systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Marina Muravieva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Social Demographic

The paper presents an analysis of the existing system of state support for rural social infrastructure for the first time. To address this goal the author studied the state information resources and data base of research of the models of state support for the sustainable development of rural areas. The researcher reveals the limitations of research on this subject (the analysis of Web of science, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Agris, Russian research data base), formulates the descriptive models of various countries in Europe and North America, and groups them into two basic systems. The tests revealed the main factors of the system of public funding of social infrastructure projects. In general financing the algorithms of support for rural social infrastructure were brought to light, the basis of which is made up by two main groups of countries: those with a support system for large rural settlements, selected on the principle of “driving member” and the countries with a system of grant and loan support for rural communities based on projects and local initiatives. The list of systems is not closed, because the study does not affect the countries of Asia, South America, Africa and Australia, which have their own distinctive features. The limitations in a single database of comparable statistical data about the objects of social and engineering infrastructure in rural areas do not allow to assess the effectiveness of investments. The author comes to the conclusion that single common methodology and standards for the evaluation of all forms of efficiency (economic, social, demographic and environmental) the use of state and interstate programs of support of social and infrastructural projects in rural areas, including a preliminary assessment of the needs in social and engineering facilities are necessary.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land-Use Change between 2012–2018 in Europe in Terms of Sustainable Development

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gibas ◽  
Agnieszka Majorek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Almost All

This article presents methodology of land use change assessment in the context of sustainable development and the results of its application based on the transformations that occurred in individual areas of Europe in the years 2012–2018. This method is based on data from the CORINE (CO-oRdination of INformation on Environment) Land Cover program) and local government units presenting the degree of urbanization (DEGURBA). The transformations taking place in space were evaluated and reduced to economic, social, and environmental dimensions. We then analyzed the results in terms of space (covering almost all of Europe) and in terms of division (large cities, small towns, suburbs, and rural areas). Results indicate that development of the economic dimension most often takes place at the expense of natural resources. It was also determined that the higher the population density, the greater the sustainable development differentiation level in the analyzed dimensions, of which the social dimension was characterized by the lowest differentiation and the economic dimension was highest. The development of rural areas was found to be less sustainable than large urban centers. Interpretation of the results also leads to the conclusion that areas of Europe are very diverse in terms of sustainable development. However, the method itself, despite the imperfections observed by the authors, may be used in further or similar studies.

scholarly journals The depopulation of the Bulgarian villages

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chavdar Mladenov ◽  
Margarita Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Typical Process

The depopulation of the Bulgarian villagesThe depopulation process in Bulgaria, especially in rural areas, is intensifying due to deepening unfavourable trends in the dynamics of demographic processes. Depopulation is a typical process in the fourth phase of demographic transition in rural areas of Bulgaria. The death rates exceed birth rates in the rural areas in the mid-1970s. The size of rural population and the number of villages in the country has been decreasing in the last decades. A large part of the villages were affected by depopulation processes during the period 1985-2007. A high depopulation level is observed in border and mountainous regions. The depopulation generates an array of different negative trends in the spatial aspect - in socio-economic development, technical and social infrastructure, as well as the erasure of many small villages. The regional development plans need to embed measures for infrastructural development in order to attract and retain residents, utilise natural and cultural-historical heritage, and to stimulate economic activities and the development of various types of tourism, etc.

scholarly journals Method of Delimiting the Spatial Structure of Villages for the Purposes of Land Consolidation and Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Żanna Stręk ◽  
Karol Noga
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Land fragmentation and the distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation that facilitates improvements in the spatial structure, while at the same time contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. With regard to the large number of problem areas, they cannot be subject to land consolidation and exchange at the same time for reasons related to finance and human resources. Therefore, the authors propose that land for consolidation should be consolidated into larger typological units. Identifying those areas that are most similar facilitates the analysis and makes it possible to capture the spatial differentiation of land. The proposed method was tested on 116 villages in the county of Łęczna, situated in Lublin Voivodeship in Eastern Poland. The aim of this research is to develop the concept of village grouping into larger typological units. The obtained results allowed for the creation of a grouping methodology based on selected diagnostic variables that can be applied to other research objects. The description of differences between the identified groups of villages makes it possible to determine the hierarchy of urgency of for land consolidation and exchange. Although delimitation itself does not determine the sequence in which consolidation should be performed, it does allow for the identification of similar areas where such works should be performed at the same time. Based on properly selected guidelines, it is also possible to develop an adequate hierarchy of works. In addition, identifying areas which share similar spatial characteristics and consolidating them has a positive influence, primarily on the cultural heritage, because some variables reflect both quantitative and qualitative aspects of human development on the use of land and on the built-up environment.

scholarly journals Human Capital in the Sustainable Development of the Regional Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3556-3561
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: Consideration of the key directions of social infrastructure development affecting the formation of human capital Design / Methodology / Approach: This study uses the method of analogy and comparison, monographic and statistical methods Findings. The study indicates a strong correlation between the level of human capital formation and the healthcare system. The authors analyze and assess absolute and relative parameters of the main objects of social infrastructure suggesting several recommendations for their improvement Practical implications: The problems discussed in the article indicate an urgent need to improve the health system in rural areas Originality / value: The authors define the concept of social infrastructure, consider various approaches to its definition, and also indicate the main factors that adversely affect the reproduction of human capital

scholarly journals Work and Rural Livelihoods: The Micro Dynamics of Africa’s ‘Youth Employment Crisis’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carreras ◽  
James Sumberg ◽  
Amrita Saha
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Early Phases

Abstract While it is widely accepted that Africa is experiencing a youth employment crisis, the nature of the crisis is disputed. In relation to rural youth, the crisis is variously framed in term so unemployment, underemployment, missing jobs, a lack of decent work, waithood and mixed or diverse livelihoods; with each framing pointing toward a different response. We look more closely at how young people engage with the labour market using a small, high-frequency dataset that includes activities of 233 individuals aged 18–24 years in rural areas of Ghana and Uganda. Specifically, we describe four dimensions of their work (its nature, frequency, steadiness and amount), analyse relationships between these dimensions, and link them with characteristics of the study participants. We conclude that in the early phases of livelihood building non-domestic work activities of young people are multi-faceted, context and seasonally specific, and highly gendered. This reflects, in part, different priorities given to education, domestic work, childbearing and social relations relative to economic activities. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the various factors—including individual priorities—that come into play in the early phases of livelihood building, and their implications for when and how young people engage with non-domestic work.

The Racial Profile of a Rural Mexican Province in the “Costa Chica”: Igualapa in 1791

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Racial Profile ◽  
Costa Chica ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Frontier Studies

Late colonial Mexico possessed one of the largest free-colored populations in Spanish America, numbering around 370,000 in 1793. The colony's pardos, morenos, and mulattos were highly dispersed, being found throughout the major urban centers, coastal zones, rural areas, and in selected portions of the northern frontier. Studies conducted over the past two decades have assisted enormously in reconstructing the free-colored demographic profile, with particular emphasis on occupational and marriage patterns. Much of this research has resulted from sustained examinations of the caste vs. class debate, which has attempted to understand the manner in which the caste system worked in structuring colonial social relations. Broader, regional histories have added even more to our understanding by situating Blacks within the economic, cultural, and social context of important towns and their hinterlands. Institutional studies have also referenced the Afro-Mexican presence and contributions. However, numerous gaps still exist in our portrait of colonial Afro-Mexicans. Notably, the Pacific coastal regions have received proportionately little attention in comparison to the area of Veracruz. This is surprising since the Costa Chica, occupying portions of the modern states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, remains home to some of the more significant concentrations of Afro-Mexicans.

scholarly journals Diversification as a tool for sustainable development of rural areas in the con-text of decentralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (96) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N. Khomiuk ◽  
N. Pavlikha ◽  
I. Voronyj
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Goods And Services

The article substantiates diversification as a tool to ensure sustainable development of rural areas in decentralization, which contributes to increasing incomes of the rural population, increasing gross agricultural and non-agricultural products, ensuring the competitiveness of rural areas, achieving economic, food and environmental safety, rational use, protection and reproduction of natural resources. In the process of researching the level of sustainable development of rural areas, monographic and graphic methods and scientific generalization were used. The study identified internal factors that affect the sustainable development of rural areas. Social factors include living conditions, the situation on the labor market, the state of social infrastructure. Economic factors should include the provision of agricultural land, the state of diversification of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, the amount of investment in economic development, the level and structure of household income in rural areas. Environmental factors include the level of air pollution, the situation with waste, the use of freshwater, the application of fertilizers to soils, the production and restoration of forests, the level of investment in environmental protection. External factors influencing the sustainable development of rural areas include the political situation in the country and the world; decentralization process; state programs to support rural development and agriculture; the level of supply and demand for goods and services produced in a particular area, etc. It is substantiated that diversification is a tool to ensure sustainable development and strengthen the competitive advantages of rural areas. It is stipulated that attracting investments in rural development and diversification of economic activity will contribute to job creation; income growth of rural residents; the revival of local crafts, customs and crafts, improvement of villages and change of consciousness of villagers. Further research should be carried out in the direction of calculating the integrated index of sustainable development of rural areas in Ukraine to identify regional disparities in the social, economic and environmental spheres of the functioning of these areas in the context of decentralization.

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Immigrants in Western Greece Region: Urban – Rural Continuum or Divide?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Iosifides ◽  
Thanasis Kizos ◽  
Elektra Petracou ◽  
Ekaterini Malliotaki ◽  
Konstantina Katsimantou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Western Greece

This paper aims at an investigation of factors of differentiation of basic social and economic characteristics of foreign immigrants in the Region of Western Greece. The paper explores whether the thesis of urban-rural divide is relevant for the differentiation of immigrants’ socio-economic characteristics in a typical Region of Greece, where there is a strong interplay between major urban centers and large rural areas. Findings show that spatial factors play a very limited role in the differentiation of socio-economic characteristics of immigrants and indicate that other factors are more important. Thus, and as regards socio-economic characteristics of immigrants, the overall picture is that of urban-rural continuum rather than divide. 

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