scholarly journals Forming of the institutional field of economic selfidentification Ukrainians at the conditions of Austria-Hungary empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (52) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Oksana Verbova
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
National Market ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Institutional Field ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Joseph Ii ◽  
First Time

The article explores the institutional conditions of the development of the national household in the West Ukrainian land as part of Austria-Hungary. Outlined the actuality of the national tradition of economic self-realization and self-identification in the crisis conditions of modern Ukraine. Pointed out the complex process of searching of the ways of stimulating the development of a modern national market economy that is required to create forming a new economic mentality of Ukrainians, educated on the values of the national tradition of economic self-identification. The essence of the modernization changes of the institutional field with the entry of Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia into the Austrian Empire at the end of the eighteenth century is revealed. In particular, the judicial reforms of Empress Maria Theresa during 1768–1776 were analyzed, which led to changes primarily in the field of formal rules of the game. The institutional changes in the fiscal sphere that became important for market development are revealed. The influence of the laws of Joseph II, which for the first time affirmed the status of a subject of law for the peasant, was substantiated. The significance of the Patent of Joseph II of April 5, 1782, which abolished serfdom as a personal dependence of the peasants on the landowners, was proved, as well as that of the Urban Patent of February 10, 1789, on the abolition of the serfdom and its replacement by money tax. The role of the Josephine peasant reforms in the formation of a new institutional field of national identity, social capital, and economic self-organization is substantiated. It is established that the decrees of Joseph II (1780–1787) on the introduction of public spies created the ground for the formation of proto-civil society. The events of the "spring of peoples" and the abolition of the cornice in 1848 were characterized, which became an important stage of the institutional maturation of the basis of the national economic movement. Attention is given to the significance of the law modernization of September 7, 1848 on the elimination of the personal dependence of peasants on the former owners and granting them the rights of citizens. The author covers the formation of wealthy peasants at the expense of the parceling of the landownership, whose owners were not able to properly manage in market conditions. The conclusion is formulated about the importance of the national tradition of economic self-identification of Ukrainians in the conditions of the Austro-Hungarian Empire for the modern strategy of economic development of the Ukrainian state.

scholarly journals Visions and plans for regional development in Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-39
Author(s):  
James A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Transformative Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe evolution of spatial planning in Ireland, and more widely, has been a complex process in which many narratives have been explored at different times. In 2018 the government published the National Planning Framework (NPF) to guide and support the achievement of a challenging and potentially transformative development strategy for Ireland 2040. The NPF is grounded in a vision that sets out to be disruptive of what has become embedded as the status quo in political, administrative and planning decision-making. While it is a very innovative addition to the portfolio of government policies and strategies, it is not the first time that radical visions have been proposed. This paper reviews previous visions and plans for regional development that have been proposed over the last seventy-five years, and critically compares and contrasts the approaches represented by the National Spatial Strategy (2002–20) and the NPF (2018–40), including the subsequent draft regional spatial and economic strategies. The implications of the population projections and the proposed settlement patterns for the achievement of the NPF objective of effective regional development, which is expressed as a regional parity target, are closely examined.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Federica Cappelletti ◽  
Marta Rossi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Mohammad Shadman Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Activities

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.

New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5048 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-510
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER L. MONASTYRSKII ◽  
VU VAN LIEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species and eight new subspecies of Papilionoidea discovered in Vietnam between 2002 and 2020 are described and illustrated. The status of two taxa are revised. New taxa include Pieridae: Delias sanaca bidoupa Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov. and Talbotia naganum aurelia Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov.; Nymphalidae: Abrota ganga pulcheria Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Bassarona recta consonensis Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Pantoporia bieti aurantina Monastyrskii & To subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata cristata Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata crystallina Monastyrskii & Vu, subspec. nov.; Faunis indistincta luctus Monastyrskii & Vu subspec. nov. & Aemona gialaica Monastyrskii, K. Saito & Vu, spec. nov. The taxon infuscata Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, previously described as the subspecies Aemona tonkinensis infuscata, was elevated to the species level, while the taxon critias (Ragadia critias Riley & Godfrey) was reduced to a subspecies. Three Satyrinae species were recorded from Vietnam for the first time: Palaeonympha opalina Butler, 1871; Ypthima motschulskyi Bremer & Grey, 1853; and Ragadia latifasciata Leech, 1891.  

Balkan Litmus. Austro-Hungarian Policy in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Russian Diplomacy, 1878–1908

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Pakhomova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
International Level ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
First Time

This monograph focuses on the activities of Russian consuls in Sarajevo, as well as the work of diplomats on the Bosnian-Herzegovinian issue both during the Great Eastern Crisis and before the Annexation Crisis. The Congress of Berlin, held after the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–78, placed the region under the control of the Habsburg Monarchy, but under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultan. The book shows that the Russian Military Ministry had a plan to prevent the occupation. One of the research subjects is the Russian-Austrian negotiation on the status of the provinces. The decisions made by the St Petersburg were based on an analysis of the situation in the province — the center for collecting information was the Consulate in Sarajevo, hence the author’s attention to its functioning. The assessment of the Austro-Hungarian modernisation policy in the occupied territory by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is analysed historiographically for the first time. The study of the ethnographic works by Pavel A. Rovinsky and Aleksei N. Kharuzin made it possible to trace the changes in the life of Bosnian and Herzegovinian inhabitants during the Austro-Hungarian occupation. Thus, the author attempts to demonstrate the connection between the internal development of the region and the decisions about its fate at the international level.

Senecio lautus complex in Australia. I. Taxonomic considerations and discussion of some of the related taxa from New Zealand

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Ali
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Zealand Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time

Reasons for the retention of the name Senecio lautus Forst. f. ex Willd. for both New Zealand and Australian forms are advanced. It is concluded that the New Zealand population should be given the status of a subspecies. Synonymy of S. lautus subsp. lautus and typification of various names involved are discussed. S. glaucophyllus subsp. discoideus (T. Kirk) Ornd. is reported for the first time from Tasmania.

scholarly journals HOW TO SABOTAGE A SECRET SOCIETY: THE DEMISE OF CARL FRIEDRICH BAHRDT'S GERMAN UNION IN 1789

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-402
Author(s):  
ANDREW MCKENZIE-MCHARG
Keyword(s):  
Secret Society ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
State And Society ◽  
German Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn 1789 in Leipzig, a slim pamphlet of 128 pages appeared that sent shock waves through the German republic of letters. The pamphlet, bearing the title Mehr Noten als Text (More notes than text), was an ‘exposure’ whose most sensational element was a list naming numerous members of the North German intelligentsia as initiates of a secret society. This secret society, known as the German Union, aimed to push back against anti-Enlightenment tendencies most obviously manifest in the policies promulgated under the new Prussian king Frederick William II. The German Union was the brainchild of the notorious theologian Carl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–92). But who was responsible for the ‘exposure’? Using material culled from several archives, this article pieces together for the first time the back story to Mehr Noten als Text and in doing so uncovers a surprisingly heterogeneous network of Freemasons, publishers, and state officials. The findings prompt us to reconsider general questions about the relationship of state and society in the late Enlightenment, the interplay of the public and the arcane spheres and the status of religious heterodoxy at this time.

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