Diversity and relative autonomy of the representation of the Ukrainian population about social inequality

Author(s):  
NATALIA KOVALISKO ◽  
SERHII MAKEEV

In modern literature, the dependence of inequality estimates on the situation in which the individual is immersed, i.e. on some constellation of place and time circumstances which determines the degree of availability of vital benefits and opportunities, has been empirically confirmed. Experiencing and comprehending this situation exfoliates into experience, determines the modality of personally expressed value-colored judgments.exfoliated into experience, which determines the modality of personally expressed value-based judgments. In general, although the perception of inequality does not coincide with "reality", it remains significant regardless of this, as it can be the immediate motive for political action — protest voting in elections, participation in actions demanding a change in the current state of income and welfare. The article substantiates the approach to the perception of inequality as a self-sufficient factuality. The data obtained in the survey on the module "Social Inequality–V" of the International Social Research Project (ISSP) show that respondents are of different categorical assessment of inequality to two objects: the country as a whole and their specific life situation. Since the range of perception always manifests itself in the range from “deep inequality” to “non-recognition of inequality,” the social space is differentiated into “worlds of inequality” that do not coincide in scale. Based on the answers to the questions about the placement on specific levels of the social ladder, the financial situation of the family and belonging to a particular class, quantitative assessments of each of these worlds have been made. At the same time, the distribution over the "worlds of inequality" obtained in the quantitative survey is nothing more than an approximate assessment of the "real" stratification of Ukrainian society. The results of the correspondence analysis between the estimates of inequality and the 34 predictors of their passing have been described and interpreted.

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Larysa Vladychenko ◽  
Olga Gold

The article analyzes the origins and the current state of the multi-confessional context in Ukraine, examines the problems and prospects of its development, and relates the features of the multi-confessional country with the state of historical and social conditions and characteristics. The authors clarify the main concept of "multiconfessionality", based on the definitions provided by modern studies. The authors use practical examples of the presence of multiconfessionality in Ukrainian society, which is created by the historical state of socio-political context in the country.        Based on the analysis of the plane of multiconfessionality of Ukrainian society, where the system of religious diversity forms special values, it leads to tolerance and political correctness, typical for European society.  Using the results of sociological surveys made by Razumkov Center, official statistics of the Ministry of Culture, Pew Research Center, Institute of Sociology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Alexander Yaremenko Ukrainian Institute of Social Research, Center for Social Monitoring, SOCIS, etc., the authors illustrate materials that prove the values of modern Ukrainian society in terms of trends of development of religious environment in Ukraine.            The article analyzes current statistics on the number of religious institutions, development of institutional structures, and correlates the quantitative indicators of the proportion of the population that declares their religiosity. The article outlines the consolidation of religious organizations through membership in inter-religious, inter-denominational associations and their participation in the social sphere. Our paper mentions specific features of multiconfessionality in Ukraine.          All hypothesis are confirmed in the main lines of correlation of the concepts of "state-church", "inter-religious relations", "trust to the church", "trust in state institutions". Conclusions are drawing attention to the problems of the modern development of the religious environment and the consolidation of Ukrainian society.


1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Mann

By now most of you are aware of the severe cuts in federal funding for the social and behavioral sciences and for the humanities proposed by the Reagan Administration.At the National Science Foundation, while support for the natural sciences is slated to increase, the proposed budget for the social and economic sciences calls for a 65 percent reduction.At the National Institute of Mental Health (ADAMHA), the Administration proposes toeliminateall social research, which is expected to include research on the family, socialization of children, effects of separation and divorce, evaluation of prevention efforts with children, effects of mass media on behavior of children. In addition, the definition probably will include social policy research, research on race and ethnic relations, studies of community structure and change and studies of social institutions.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Morris Fishbein

THE POET John Donne wrote that no man is an island. Never was this more apt than when applied to the person who is suffering with a crippling disease. For him isolation is disastrous. If intelligent and left too much alone, he becomes embittered, sullen and perhaps an enemy of society. If unintelligent, he deteriorates slowly and steadily into a parasitic, vegetable-like existence, which may eventually sap the lives of all about him. The modern approach to the problem emphasizes adjustment of the handicapped person to the family, the community, and even the nation. All these forces are brought to bear from the social, economic and psychologic points of view, so that such a person is able to live an existence as nearly normal as possible. He contributes to rather than lives upon the society that encompasses him. This consideration of the social aspects of rheumatic heart disease is concerned with these problems and with the extent to which the individual, the family, the community and the nation are able to solve them. On July 29, 1789, Edward Jenner, who first introduced vaccination against smallpox, reported to the medical society in Gloucestershire, England, on "Disease of the Heart Following Acute Rheumatism." The case was illustrated by dissection. This was probably the first reference to rheumatic fever in scientific medical reports. Unfortunately neither the paper nor any record other than its title has ever been found. Perhaps the first physician who pointedly called attention to the association of acute rheumatism and heart disease was David Pitcairn, born in 1749.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Andrea Arango-Bernal

Objetivo: analizar los significados que construyen las madres de personas en condición de hemofilia, sobre ser portadoras de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico que, a través de una etnografía particularista y el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y revisión documental, rescató el punto de vista de 17 madres pertenecientes a la Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos que participaron de manera voluntaria y residen en diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Las participantes se reconocen a sí mismas como seres potenciales, es decir, no sólo como trasmisoras o cuidadoras de la enfermedad de sus hijos, sino como sujetos cognoscentes de su realidad dispuestas a reflexionar sobre sus aprendizajes e incorporarlos a favor de la relación consigo mismas y con los demás. Los significados más relevantes son: empezar a vivir con hemofilia, asumir la enfermedad, la familia, el cuidado y la crianza, la relación con los servicios de salud, caminando con algo que no se puede desprender y darse cuenta. Conclusiones: La salud colectiva es la posibilidad de tener un acercamiento más comprensivo al proceso salud – enfermedad – atención de los colectivos humanos, tomando en cuenta las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales en las que estos se inscriben. La pregunta por los significados de estas madres develó el tejido de lo individual y lo colectivo, como un asunto que trasciende el plano biológico de la enfermedad y da cuenta de la construcción social en la que confluyen prácticas, saberes, imaginarios y sentimientos.Palabras Clave: Cuidadores, enfermedad crónica, hemofilia A, madresSignifi cance of being a hemophilia carrierAbstractObjective: Analyzing the meanings that mothers of people with hemophilia, build about being carriers of the disease. Materials and methods: Study based on the qualitative method supported by the approach of symbolic interaction, which through a particularistic ethnography, and the use of semi-structured interviews, observations and document review, rescued the point of view of 17 mothers belonging to the Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos. They participated voluntarily and reside in different municipalities of Antioquia. Results: The participants recognize themselves as potential beings, that is, not only as disseminators or carers of the illness of their children, but as cognocentes subject of their reality willing to reflect on their learning and incorporate them in favor of the relationship with herself and others. The most important meanings are: start living with hemophilia, assuming the disease, the family, the care and upbringing, relationships with health services, walking with something that can not be detached and realize. Conclusions: Collective health is the ability to have a more comprehensive approach to process health - disease - care of human groups, taking into account the economic, social and cultural conditions in which they are registered. The question of the meaning of these mothers, unveiled the tissue of the individual and the collective, as a matter that transcends the biological level of the disease and accounts for the social construction that blends practices, knowledge, imaginary and feelings.Key Words: Hemophilia A, chronic disease, mothers, caregivers. Significado de ser portadora de hemofiliaResumo                                   Objetivo: Analisar os significados construídos pelas mães de pessoas com hemofilia, sobre ser portadores da doença. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com foco no interacionismo simbólico, que, através de uma etnografia individualista e o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações e revisão documental, resgatou o ponto de vista de 17 mães pertencentes à Liga Antioquia de Hemófilos que participaram voluntariamente e residem em diferentes municípios do departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Os participantes se reconhecem como seres potenciais, ou seja, não apenas como transmissores ou cuidadores da doença de seus filhos, mas como sujeitos cognitivos de sua realidade que estão dispostos a refletir sobre sua aprendizagem e a incorporá-los em favor do relacionamento com eles mesmos e com os outros. Os significados mais relevantes são: começar a viver com hemofilia, assumir a doença, família, cuidados e educação, relacionar-se com os serviços de saúde, caminhar com algo que você não pode separar e perceber. Conclusões: A saúde coletiva é a possibilidade de ter uma abordagem mais abrangente para o processo saúde-doença-cuidado de grupos humanos, levando em consideração as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais nas quais estão registradas. A questão dos significados dessas mães revela o tecido do indivíduo e o coletivo como um problema que transcende o plano biológico da doença e explica a construção social em que as práticas, o conhecimento, o imaginário e os sentimentos convergem.Palavras-Chave: Cuidadores, doenças crônicas, hemofilia A, mães  


Author(s):  
Abdelmajid Nayif Alawneh

    The research aims to study the impact of unemployment on the social conditions in the Palestinian society from the point of view of the unemployed youth, especially in the current time period (2019), the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the research community consists of young people in the governorate of Ramallah. The researcher used the questionnaire tool, and the data were analyzed by the analysis program (SPSS). It was found that the majority of youth are unemployed, they are middle age, single and large families, urban residents, people with specialties and low income. As for the results of the research, there was an increase in the impact of the forms of unemployment on the social conditions of the individual, family and society and their outlook towards the future, came the highest degree on the social conditions of the individual (6. 90%) and then the social conditions of the family (3. 83%), Followed by the societal conditions to reach the value (78%), came the lowest values ​​for the outlook for the future, which amounted to (67%). Some of the features of the impact of unemployment, including the tension, anxiety and frustration of the young group. As for the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study, there was a statistically significant relationship between the combined unemployment and the low income, between the apparent, persuasive and compulsory unemployment, and the individual, family and societal situations and the outlook for them. At the end of the research a number of recommendations were made, most notably the need to balance the types of education and activate the social and cultural role of the family.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 351-371
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ignatyev ◽  

The article considers the phenomenon of augmented reality as a special hybrid reality and a part of social space. The author compares the differences in approaches to the interpretation of reality in philosophy, social theory and natural science. The provisions of phenomenological sociology are used as a methodological basis for the study. The author substantiates the necessity of conjugation of ontological and epistemological perspectives of interpretation of the “multilayer” social reality. The lack of concentration of attention in most studies on distinguishing these angles leaves the category of social reality on the periphery of the construction of social ontologies. And this is not a paradox, but a desire to avoid difficulties in choosing a research position when solving a problem of a certain class each time that arises: either to build ontological models of each layer of the social, or to re-enter into polemics about the permissible limits of avoiding solipsism. The article shows one of the possible ways out of the vicious circle of polemics about the demarcation of ontology and epistemology by presenting the concepts of ‘social reality’ and ‘social actuality’ as a means of separating research angles. Their application makes it possible to establish that the environment formed by augmented reality is much more complex than it seems to the individual in his direct perception. It includes four spaces: 1) the objective world; 2) the mental world; 3) a hybrid world as a symbiosis of real and imaginary worlds; 4) symbiosis of fragments of the real world - torn apart in space and time and combined with the help of technologies in devices, which make it possible for an individual to be present while observing their combined existence and to operate with them. The author comes to the conclusion that this feature of the organization of space with the help of augmented reality implies the specificity of the changed social space in which individuals have to interact. There is a transformation of the basic ‘cell’ of society - the system of social interaction. It has been established that augmented reality technologies provide additional, qualitatively new opportunities for influencing individual pictures of the world. Augmented reality also complicates virtual reality, introducing, in addition to fictional characteristics, the content of practical actions. Augmented reality not only ‘comprehends’ the world, but is in direct practical contact with it, turning into a special side of constant reality. It was found that the interaction of augmented reality with social reality is reversible. Thanks to this process, social reality from ‘augmented’ reality is transformed into a ‘complex’ one, the qualitative determination of which can be designated as ‘hybrid social reality’. Its mode of existence is more complex than that of the human community, and is inaccessible to them as long as they retain the biological substrate of their corporeity. But no less significant consequence for social and anthropogenic transformation is the emergence in society of its new structural unit - a techno-subject, as an actor of a new species and a new agent that forms a hybrid society. It has been established that the user of augmented reality transforms the provided visual effects in his imagination into really (beyond imagination) existing things and phenomena (ontologization). A reverse movement also takes place - from illusions fixed in the imagination as objects (created by augmented reality), back to pure illusions (reverse hypostatization). The distinction between the observed and the hidden through the introduction of the concepts of social reality and social actuality makes it possible to discover a more complex structure of the social - its multi-layered nature, supplementing the ontology of social reality and, in particular, P. Donati’s relational theory of society, with ideas about such layers as actual and potential, virtual and valid. The article considers the possibility of extending the idea of the heterarchical principle of the structure of society (developed in the works of I.V. Krasavin on the basis of the model of W. McCulloch) to the further development of the augmented reality ontology. The formation of space connections using AR technology is a continuation of the embodiment of the heterarchy principle, which brings the social structure beyond the structures of a constant society.


Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fatke

Inequality poses one of the biggest challenges of our time. It is not self-correcting in the sense that citizens demand more redistributive measures in light of rising inequality, which recent studies suggest may be due to the fact that citizens’ perceptions of inequality diverge from objective levels. Moreover, it is not the latter, but the former, which are related to preferences conducive to redistribution. However, the nascent literature on inequality perceptions has, so far, not accounted for the role of subjective position in society. The paper advances the argument that the relationship between inequality perceptions and preferences towards redistribution is conditional on the subjective position of respondents. To that end, I analyze comprehensive survey data on inequality perceptions from the social inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (1992, 1999, and 2009). Results show that inequality perceptions are associated with preferences conducive to redistribution particularly among those perceive to be at the top of the social ladder. Gaining a better understanding of inequality perceptions contributes to comprehending the absence self-correcting inequality.


2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Márcia Spanó Nakano ◽  
Márcia Cristina Guerreiro dos Reis ◽  
Maria José Bistafa Pereira ◽  
Flávia Azevedo Gomes

This study aimed to identify agents or institutions taken as reference by women when breastfeeding. A qualitative study was carried out on 20 primiparous who were assisted, for reasons not related to breastfeeding, in the five health services selected by this study. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews carried out in the participants' households and were analyzed by content analysis in the thematic mode. We identified that health professionals play a standardize role of breastfeeding based on scientific knowledge. In the daily breastfeeding routine, the family is the first reference for women, transmitting beliefs, habits and behaviors. We believe in the valorization of the family context by the health professional, in which actions and interactions in the breastfeeding issue are developed in order to constitute the foundations for a new care model in breastfeeding. This model should, therefore, consider the practice diversity, adapting actions to the multiple roles of being mother/fortress/wife/worker in the social context.


1920 ◽  
Vol 66 (274) ◽  
pp. 300-302
Author(s):  
H. Devine

In this article of 71 pages Prof. Janet deals with the question of the influence which neuropathic subjects exert upon those with whom they are associated. Each point in this paper is emphasised by reference to actual cases, and it contains a wealth of clinical detail which cannot be included in an epitome. To understand fully the therapeutic value of isolation, and to apply it with precision, it is necessary to consider the costly effort which life in society exacts, to consider the influence of one man on another, especially in so far as one individual by his exactions may create a state of lowered psychological tension in another with whom he is associated. A study of the social conduct of a neuropath in relation to his family will indicate how and why separation from certain persons is so important in some instances. These psychasthenics exhibit social abulia, avoidance of any effort, lack of practical achievement; they can neither command nor obey, they are incapable of real affection, and though they talk much of their feelings, these result in no kind of service for others. Not only do they protect themselves from actions which they dread, but they hinder and oppose others in the family and have the whole household at their mercy. There are a number of morbid impulsions and inferior mental operations by means of which the neuropath dominates the family. Thus there is the mania for helping, in which the individual wishes to participate, and actually hinders, the activities of others, an exaggeration of that tendency of those incapable of physical exercise to watch sports or read sporting papers. A patient expresses this attitude in the phrase, “My dream is to sit with a man who works, especially a man who writes. Oh! let me watch you write for a whole evening.” This tendency may extend to an insistence on useless and futile collaborations. Then there is the mania for authority. Giving orders when it implies direction and initiative is a difficult psychic operation, but there is an elementary form of domination in which an individual formulates an action without accomplishing it himself and without any consideration as to the value, utility or interest of the act. Neuropaths find in such orders extreme satisfaction and at times people placed in positions of authority develop a mania of this kind. Neuropathic authoritatives are divided into two types, those who seek to obtain obedience by moaning entreaties, and those who attack and threaten the members of the family in order to reduce them to slavery and to prevent them from having any freedom. Such patients will obtain their desires by threatening to die if they are thwarted, or by insisting on constant sympathy, any relaxation of such an attitude provoking a scene. Obedience is also secured by the mania for love, the constant demand for every expression of affection. Prof. Janet points out that all these abulics are extremely insistent on their “rights,” whereas the man of action is not worried with his rights but devotes himself to the task in hand. Domination is sometimes secured by the mania for devotion, in which individuals are constantly rendering little services and giving useless presents to others, such generosity having always something bizarre and abnormal, designed to humiliate and exact innumerable thanks. It is only a method of acquiring recognition, protection, regard, flatteries, of playing a rôle.


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