scholarly journals Tafsīr filantropīyat al-Qur’ān al-Karīm fī Indonesia: Musāhamat Tafsīr Sūrat al-Mā‘ūn li Kiai al-Ḥāj ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm (1887-1962)

2018 ◽  
pp. 589-638
Author(s):  
Jajang A. Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This article discusses the Quranic exegesis concerning social care that is used as a base-praxis for philanthropy and social gatherings in the colonial period. The object of this study is Tafsier Soerat Al-Ma’oen (1930) written by K.H. Abdulchalim. This Sundanese-language work is actually developed as the result of Abdulchalim’s reading on the Quranic exegesis of Juz ‘Amma was written by Muhammad Abduh. Abdulchalim tried to interpret this surah and made it as the basis of the his philanthropic activities through the establishment of social institutions rather than carrying out casitas activities which he considered momentary and consumtive. His social activities were based on the teachings of philanthropy contained in the al-Mā‘ūn surah, such as philanthropic orientation from individual to collective, attachment between praying and the fulfilment of weak people’ right, criticism of the Muslim backwardness, and colonial occupation over his homeland. This study confirms that the Abdulchalim’s interpretation cannot be separated from the social situation as a nation that was being colonized faced with Dutch colonial policy and competition with Chinese traders. His exegesis becomes another example from the influence of Islamic renewal thrived in Cairo toward Southeast Asian Muslim activists, especially in the pre-independence period.

Indios, Sambos, Mestizos, and the Social Construction of Racial Identity in Colonial Central America

Ethnohistory ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-290
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Racial Origin ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Racially Mixed

Abstract The Miskitu, a group indigenous to the Caribbean Coast of Central America, have long been recognized for their racial diversity. In the mid-seventeenth century, a ship of African slaves wrecked on the Mosquito Coast and subsequently intermarried with the Miskitu population. Since then, there have been two groups of Miskitu: the “pure” indios and the racially mixed sambos. This article argues against this neat divide. Race during the colonial period was not fixed and could be influenced by a number of factors that included not only one’s ancestry but also their behavior. When Spanish writers assigned a racial category to the Miskitu, the context of the encounter often shaped perceived racial origin. When Miskitu-Spanish relations were hostile, Spaniards more often chose the racial label sambo. During times of peace, indio was more common, and mestizo was sometimes used to refer to Miskitu rulers. By focusing on the complexity and malleability of colonial racial rhetoric, this article argues that Spanish officials strategically selected racial labels for the Miskitu depending on the colonial policy they were trying to promote.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals AKAR-AKAR TRADISI POLITIK SUNNI DI INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The Sunni doctrine plays an important role in the government. Its accommodative characteristic is something important that makes Sunni doctrine to be a device of the legitimation of the authority. The Muslim thinkers of classical Sunni such as al-Mawardi (975-1058 M), al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) and lbn Taimiyah(1263-1329 M) have a great role in formulating the political doctrine of Sunni. In spite of the different nuance, all of these three classical Sunni thinkers develop the moderate political doctrine of Sunni. On the one hand, it is, of course, significant in situating the harmonious relation between the ruler and community. Therefore, the social and political stabilities will be well-maintained On the other hand, such a thought for a certain extent evokes stagnancy. Because there is no radical thought which is critical and opposite against the authority, the Sunni idea is frequently made use for the instantaneous interests of power. On evenlttally, the mutual interrelationship between the Sunni ulama and the ruler often happens. While ulama feel obtaining the patronage from the authority, the ruler gains religious justification from ulama. In this context, Indonesia as the country with the majority of Sunni Muslims, as a matter of fact, applies the political doctrine of Sunni. It is because Sunni has had a long and establishei root since. the period of Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, before Dutch-Colonial period. The archipelago ulama also formulated the harmonious relation between Islam and authority as formulated by the ulama of classical Sunni. The polotical tradition of Sunni was becoming stronger in line with the great influence of ulama in the archipelago kingdoms. This article tries to elaborate the relation between the Sunni ulama with the power of the kings in the archipelago and the patronage of the archipelago rulers toward them.

‘Shauri ya Sera Kali’: the colonial regime of urban housing in Kenya to 1939

Urban History ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISON HAY ◽  
RICHARD HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThe social relationships of housing tenure shape urban life. One of the most peculiar tenure regimes emerged in the towns of East and Central Africa during the colonial period. In accordance with the colonial policy of trusteeship, employers and municipalities were together responsible for housing all permanently employed Africans, who constituted the majority in most urban centres. Contemporaries noted that employers and municipalities commonly failed to do their job, a judgement that historians have endorsed. In fact, their contribution varied greatly from place to place and, though generally insufficient, was still substantial. This paternalistic tenure regime created dependency and open-ended commitments that could not be met.

scholarly journals Paradigm shift in the area of specialised social care in Hajdú-Bihar county

2012 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
György Verdó
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
The Social

This paper tries to find the answer through an already working practical example how to save money on the social supporting system maintenanced by an elderly society. With the help of basic structural and organizational rearrangement, the social institutions, run by settlements and local goverments, can be helped to ran better and gain savings at the same time.

scholarly journals Bits and Pieces

In medias res ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2789-2802
Author(s):  
Iva Paska
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Observational Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Covid19-pandemic has had a profound impact on the way we live and on the social reality in the world around us. Except for the enormous strain on public and health of individuals, it has affected social functioning to great extent, at least temporarily. It has sped up digitalization and forced social activities to transfer to the digital realm to an unprecedented level. It has simultaenously confined social actors to their geographical localities. In all of this, it has offered an opportunity of different observational point of human being in the world in the context of late modernity. It is possible to assume that this kind of social situation has the potential to affect the sense of ontological security of social actors, as well as their experience of space. The contradictory implications of the transfer of the social activitiy to the digital communicative spaces to current extent are also discussed.

scholarly journals Activities of the Socially Oriented Organizations of the Russian Orthodox Church: The Regional Aspects

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Bogatova ◽  
Evgenia I. Dolgaeva ◽  
Anastasia V. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Technologies

Introduction. The article analyzes the results of the sociological research undertaken by the authors in 2018 within the framework of the research project “Social Projects of the Russian Orthodox Church” in terms of comparing motivation, social technologies and social consequences of implementing Orthodox social projects in the capital and other regions of Russia in order to identify factors contributing to and hindering their successful implementation at the regional level. The purpose of the empirical research was to identify the social functions fulfilled in the process of developing and implementing social projects by organizations within the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), as well as by lay organizations created and headed by parishioners of the Russian Orthodox Church. Materials and Methods. The study used qualitative methods of collecting and analyzing sociological data such as observation, in-depth interviews with people participating in social activities of the Orthodox projects and with the members of their target groups. The qualitative study used theoretical sampling and the method of selecting typical cases, which made it possible to describe and analyze social technologies and the consequences of the Orthodox social activities in different areas of impact on the society, including helping the poor and the socially deprived strata of the population, rehabilitation of the disabled, ‘pro-life’ movements, as well as educational activities. Results. In the process of research, based on the analysis of the survey data, the goals of the Orthodox social projects and their hierarchy have been identified, as well as the peculiarities of motivation of the activities of the participants of the Orthodox social projects studied and the specifics of the forms of organizing social assistance in Moscow, the Republic of Mordovia, and the Ivanovo Region. The social technologies of direct and indirect influence of the Orthodox social projects in terms of educational activities have been studied. The authors sought to assess the transformational consequences of implementation of the Orthodox social projects studied at the levels of the individual, social institutions, and groups. Discussion and Conclusion. The study has revealed that the Orthodox social initiatives help their participants master such skills as fundraising, interaction with the society, government bodies and commercial entities, thus becoming an important segment of civil society. The main difficulties the Orthodox social projects encounter have been revealed: poor systemic work and dependence on the personality of the leader, dependence on grants. The scientific results of the study can be used when developing strategies and implementing social policies with the participation of Orthodox non-profit organizations through a comprehensive analysis of methods and social technologies.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Meunasah-based Sharia in Aceh: A Social Capital and Islamic Law Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Abidin Nurdin ◽  
Fajri M. Kasim ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Mahmuddin Daud
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

This research examined meunasah as the social capital in implementing Islamic law in Aceh. It aimed to explain the social capital of meunasah concerning its role and functions in supporting the Islamic law implementation in Aceh. This research has its root in studying the sociology of law, emphasizing the empirical legal analysis within the society. The researchers used social capital, which consisted of cognitive and structural aspects as a theoretical framework, and interviews, literature study, and observation, as the data collection methods. This study found that meunasah had a central position in Acehnese society as a center for religious activities, a place to learn the Qur’an, social activities, and as a customary institution. Since time immemorial, meunasah has played a central role as a center for community activities at the gampong level. Even though meunasah had transformed itself into a mosque in urban areas, its function and role remained as a place for internalizing the Islamic law principles, as a medium for socializing Islamic law, and as a center for religious, social activities. This study argues that meunasah can still be the ‘glue’ of social networks with its religious, social, and customary values as a cognitive, social capital. On another side, imuem meunasah can be considered a structural social capital. Meunasah, as part of social institutions, can support social order and order, which is a social function of law. Without the support of meunasah as a cognitive social capital, the researchers argue that Islamic law will be difficult to be internalized in society.

The Impact of Modern Trends in the Social Work and Social Care in the Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Biljana Nackovska – Veljkovikj
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Social care is an organised network of institutional and non-institutional facilities designed to meet the needs of citizens. The reforms that are taking place in social protection are influenced by modern trends in social work, expressed through decentralization, de-institutionalization, pluralism, strengthening of civil society and the possibility of providing private services, affecting and enriching the content of social work. These change the relationship to the client's position and improve the professionalism of social worker. Changes in social policy, resulting from diverting from central to local level, influence and give direction to the overall social activity. The paper describes the three components thereof (areas): the state of social work and social protection in the Republic of Macedonia, rights and services in the social protection system in the Republic of Macedonia and research part. Starting from the assumption that modern trends affect reforms in the social protection system of the Republic of Macedonia, this paper aims to determine the state of social protection in the Republic of Macedonia. The aim is to gain knowledge about the situation and the changes occurring in the social institutions of public character, influenced by modern trends. Also this paper makes analysis of the legislation in the Republic of Macedonia in the field of social protection. Ultimate goals of the implementation of reforms in the social protection are the welfare of the beneficiary, improving the quality of work and professional development of social workers.

Situated Knowledge, Purity, and Moral Panic

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-66
Author(s):  
Quill R. Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Central Attention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

A great deal of contemporary epistemology is driven by a kind of moral panic over the worry that there are no “pure” epistemic practices, perspectives, or standards detachable from the social situation of knowers. Kukla argues that we cannot do epistemology without fundamental, central attention to social identities, power relations, and the social institutions and structures within which epistemic practices happen. But this result is of no threat to our usable notions of objectivity, justification, and the like. The quest for purity is unnecessary. We should recognize it as a product of ideology and become comfortable with situatedness as an everyday phenomenon. Kukla ends by arguing that a proper naturalized, non-ideal epistemology—one more continuous with the empirical sciences—will treat situatedness not as something spooky or epistemologically threatening, but just as an empirical fact about our epistemic practices.

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