scholarly journals The Implementation of Meunasah-based Sharia in Aceh: A Social Capital and Islamic Law Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Abidin Nurdin ◽  
Fajri M. Kasim ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Mahmuddin Daud

This research examined meunasah as the social capital in implementing Islamic law in Aceh. It aimed to explain the social capital of meunasah concerning its role and functions in supporting the Islamic law implementation in Aceh. This research has its root in studying the sociology of law, emphasizing the empirical legal analysis within the society. The researchers used social capital, which consisted of cognitive and structural aspects as a theoretical framework, and interviews, literature study, and observation, as the data collection methods. This study found that meunasah had a central position in Acehnese society as a center for religious activities, a place to learn the Qur’an, social activities, and as a customary institution. Since time immemorial, meunasah has played a central role as a center for community activities at the gampong level. Even though meunasah had transformed itself into a mosque in urban areas, its function and role remained as a place for internalizing the Islamic law principles, as a medium for socializing Islamic law, and as a center for religious, social activities. This study argues that meunasah can still be the ‘glue’ of social networks with its religious, social, and customary values as a cognitive, social capital. On another side, imuem meunasah can be considered a structural social capital. Meunasah, as part of social institutions, can support social order and order, which is a social function of law. Without the support of meunasah as a cognitive social capital, the researchers argue that Islamic law will be difficult to be internalized in society.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
Marya I. Cherepanova ◽  
Svetlana G. Maximova ◽  
Sydysmaa A. Saryglar

The scientific significance of studying security problems in regional societies is determined by the need to reveal its actual components. Such complex indicator as social capital includes basic indicators of the functioning of civil society: social responsibility, activity, civic initiative, etc. The social capital formed in society induces generalized trust. At the same time, institutional trust contributes to the legitimization of legal and political institutions. The purpose of this article is to describe the social mechanism of interdependence of components of social capital and generalized trust that form a sense of security in the region. The article summarizes expert assessments that indicate heterogeneity of institutional systems, which are indicators of low coherence of the social order and form a low level of trust and, consequently, security in the Altai territory. It is concluded that for modern Russian society, as well as for its regions, the problem of regenerating generalized trust as a social background for optimizing post-industrial transformations is extremely significant. Stability of the active role of social institutions, the reproduction of spiritual values, such as the common good, inter-ethnic tolerance, social justice are among most important factors restoring social trust.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma

One of the most issues debated in the social capital literature is the unconditional cash transfer effect on social capital, especially regarding the potential of unmeasured targeted mechanisms at the community level about social relations. This article aims to identify the determinant of social capital in the form of household participation in social activities and the impact of unconditional cash transfers (BLT) on participation in social activities in Indonesia by using differences-differences approach (DID). The results showed that the most influential factor on household participation in social activities is the education level of the head of the household and the members of the productive age group. Meanwhile, unconditional cash transfers policy has a positive effect on the rotating saving and credit association. Thus, participation in social activities undertaken by the community undoubtedly has an important element in the success of government programs.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i2.7365


Author(s):  
Angela T. Ragusa

Epistemology is the concept used to describe ways of knowing. In other words, how you know what you know. Sociologists have been interested in how knowledge is produced since the discipline was founded in the 19th Century. How we come to know our world and make sense of it are influenced by social institutions, individual attitudes and behaviors, and our demographic position within the social order. The social order is an historical product which continues to change over time. To facilitate our learning from our socio-historical experiences, sociologists frequently turn to ideas expressed by social theorists. Social theory, whether classical or contemporary, may thus be employed to help us make sense of changes in our social and material world. Although technology is arguably as ancient as our first ancestors, as the chapters in this book reveal, the characteristics of and communications within our postindustrial society vary greatly from those which occurred in the age of modernity. This introductory chapter identifies a few well-known social theorists who have historically attempted to explain how and why social systems, at macro and micro levels, change over time. Next, it contextualizes communication as a cultural product, arguing the best way to examine the topic is from multiple, local perspectives. In the feminist tradition of postmodernist Sandra Harding, it implores us to consider the premise and source of the knowledge sources we use and espouse while communicating and interacting in specific ways and environments. Finally, grounded in the systemic backdrop of social inequality, this chapter encourages readers to begin the task of critical thinking and reflecting about how each of us, as individuals and members of local communities, nations and the world, assuage or reproduces the structurally-derived inequalities which the globalization of communication and technical systems and interacting in a global environment manifests.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Didenko ◽  
Gulnara F. Romashkina ◽  
Djamilia F. Skripnuk ◽  
Sergei V. Kulik

This article analyses the dynamics of trust in institutions, which underpin the legitimacy of social order, on the basis of a study of the developed Arctic region during the period 2006–2018. The authors considered the principal theoretical concepts on which the study of trust, the well-being of citizens, the assessment of security and compliance with the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens is to be based. It is assumed that the legitimacy of the social order consists in a state where people not only trust specific institutions, but also enjoy a sense of security from threats and the ability to exercise basic rights and freedoms in the presence of a competent authority to protect them in case of violations. The dynamics of the security of the inhabitants of the region, associated with an increase in the level of their well-being, are considered. The structure for retaining the legitimacy of the social order is demonstrated on the basis of a number of indices and model calculations. Configuration analysis was carried out to support the construction of multidimensional models. It was concluded that there has been a dramatic collapse in the social activity of the inhabitants of the Arctic region bordering on social apathy. It is shown that, during the period under study, trust in local authorities significantly declined, while the importance attributed to respecting private property rights increased. Trust in social institutions is shown to be significantly lower than trust in government institutions, contradicting the situation in developed countries. It is recommended that more attention be paid to the functioning of local and municipal authorities governing the Arctic region, who are much more aware of the needs of the inhabitants since they are connected by much denser social ties. The authors substantiate the need to introduce social innovation that allows to diversify communication channels between the government and the public, meet unsatisfied social needs that are not solved by existing institutions and contribute to building trust between different participants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Himmatur Riza

The Covid-19 pandemic has plagued all over the world. Many aspects of the social order have changed including da'wah activities. The development and existence of technology and restrictions on various religious activities during the Covid-19 pandemic are challenges and opportunities in da'wah activities. Research conducted is literature research that is by collecting data from various sources of references that already exist. The result of this research indicates that the speaker is required to have mastery in the field of technology and continuously to upgrade soft skills to preach in this era. The method that must be modern and practical dawah material becomes a bargaining value that is in demand by the community. This provides an opportunity for dai to document all forms of activities that are da'wah and can also publish muslims and the dynamics of their developing lives. Dai's role must be able to adapt and compete with the globalization of information technology that is already rapidly evolving and liberally controlled by the west, so as to build a new civilization of the face of Islam in the Islamic preaching activities.Keywords: Digitization of Da'wah, Covid-19 Pandemic, Islamic Civilization.Abstrak Pandemi Covid-19 telah mewabah dunia. Banyak aspek tatanan kehidupan sosial mengalami perubahan termasuk dalam kegiatan dakwah. Adanya perkembangan dan keberadaan teknologi serta pembatasan berbagai kegiatan keagamaan di masa pandemi Covid-19 menjadi tantangan dan peluang dalam kegiatan dakwah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berbasis data kepustakaan yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber referensi yang sudah ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dai atau penceramah dituntut untuk memiliki penguasaan dibidang teknologi dan terus menerus untuk mengupgrade soft skill guna mampu berdakwah di era sekarang ini. Metode yang harus dimodernisasi dan materi dakwah yang praktis menjadi nilai tawar yang diminati oleh masyarakat. Hal ini memberikan peluang bagi para dai untuk mendokumentasikan segala bentuk kegiatan yang bersifat dakwah dan juga dapat mempublikasikan umat islam beserta dinamika kehidupannya yang sedang berkembang. Peran dai harus mampu beradaptasi dan bersaing dengan globalisasi teknologi informasi yang dikuasai yang sudah secara pesat berkembang dan dikuasai secara liberal oleh barat, sehingga mampu membangun peradaban baru wajah Islam dalam berdakwah.Kata kunci: Digitalisasi Dakwah, Pandemi Covid-19, Peradaban Islam.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Yunus ◽  
Suadi Zainal ◽  
Fadli Jalil ◽  
Cut Maya Aprita Sari

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.


Author(s):  
Risma Ranreng ◽  
Hanny Wahidin Wiranegara ◽  
Yayat Supriatna

Improving poor conditions of the kampung in urban areas can be solved without evictions. Eviction is not a good strategy as it will eliminate the uniqueness of kampung characteristics. <strong>Aims:</strong> This study was aimed to find out the relevance of social capital in kampung arrangement and also to understand the most influential element of the social capital and its role on the arrangement of kampung in Kampung Pisang.  <strong>Methodology and results:</strong> The study investigated the elements of social capital that affect the activities in every phase in kampung arrangement process. This was done through the analysis of data resulted from the questionnaire and interview surveys on the residents of Kampung Pisang. The result showed the most influential element of social capital is the social network in participation variable. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study:</strong> Participation as an element of social capital plays a major role in kampung arrangement in Kampung Pisang, Makassar city in Indonesia. By participation, the relevance of social capital in kampung arrangement is developing people’s knowledge about the environmental quality and using it in the improvement of physical environmental condition. This paper showed that kampung arrangement could be done by using social capital to hinder evictions.


Author(s):  
Oksana POVIDAICHYK ◽  
Valentyna PEDORENKO ◽  
Anastasiia POPOVA ◽  
Anastasiia TURGENIEVA ◽  
Yuliia RYBINSKA ◽  
...  

The need for R&D of social workers was due to the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and concepts of social work, the application of which involved the use of specific research tools. It is substantiated that the research subsystem of social work can be represented in the form of a model of the research environment, which reflects the relationship of three components: the social problem, methods of its research and tools for solving. The dialectical nature of social work, as well as the dynamic conditions in which it is carried out, determine a set of socio-economic, managerial and pedagogical factors that actualize the need for research in the social field. It is substantiated that R&D today is an integral element of professional social practice and is implemented both in the process of working with different categories of clients and in administrative and managerial activities. R&D provides adequate social order development of targeted comprehensive programs, projects and technologies of social protection, design and implementation of models of social institutions and services. As a result of a comprehensive study of the problem, the essential characteristics of R&D were clarified, which means the activity of obtaining new scientifically based knowledge aimed at purposeful change of social reality, which is realized in a logical sequence through the use of appropriate forms and methods of scientific knowledge. It is proved that R&D in the system of social work is realized at three levels (reflexive-theoretical, experimental-theoretical and research), each of which involves step-by-step actions (problem definition; hypothesis formulation, choice of research methods and tools; implementation of research plan; evaluation of results) and the use of appropriate research methods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Muh. Bahruddin ◽  
◽  
Ibnu Hamad ◽  
Pinckey Triputra ◽  
◽  
...  

This research investigates the social changes concerning Islam's revitalisation, which was constructed by the movie Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi (KMGP). The research criticises structuration theory, which does not accommodate religion as part of social changes, especially in making new social changes. The researcher utilised semiotic logic by using the process of meaning or signification, which comprises signs or representation, object, and interpretant. The researcher also conducted in-depth interviews with filmmakers to understand the context from which the texts were produced. As a result, it was discovered that KMGP utilised signs to construct social changes through the act of wearing a veil, Islamic religious music, and the prohibition of shaking someone's hands which is not his/her mahram (legal spouse or guardian based on Islamic law), the separation of men and women in a wedding occasion, and other new rules which were previously not familiar in society. Nevertheless, to legitimise the new rules in these particular social practices, KMGP often used structure resources. For example, Gagah legitimated his action by referring to the tradition of Sundanese (one of the Indonesian tribes) to the prohibition of shaking a non-mahram’s hands. This is supported by hadith (speech, attitude, and behaviour of Prophet Muhammad) about this particular action. This movie also proved that the rules of Islamic religion became an important element that changed social order, especially in Indonesia. Keywords: Movie, Indonesian Muslim Society, social changes, structuration, representation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanovich Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Yaser Seifiddin Allaham ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Parshikov ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. The article examines the problem of the interdependence of the state and processes of changing the social order from the state and processes of changing social institutions designed to guarantee its stability. As one of such institutions, the educational system is considered, which in its traditional state actively performed a protective function, acting as a guarantor of the stability of the social order. In the context of the fourth industrial Revolution, the content and form of educational practices and the entire educational space have changed so much that education as a social institution loses the prerogative of protecting and guaranteeing the stability of the social order. The purpose of the article is to determine the main substrates underlying the social order on the basis of the historical and philosophical classification of the social order concepts, to show which turbulent phenomena in education most deform these substrates and thereby disqualify education in its function as a guarantor of the stability of both the social order and society as a whole. Materials and Methods. The historical and philosophical approach made it possible to form and classify the main concepts in the understanding of the social order and to differentiate its substrate bases using the tabular method. The activity-based and structural-functional approaches allowed us to identify the deforming phenomena that occur today in Russian education and have the greatest impact on the destabilization of the social order. To substantiate the conceptual and methodological basis of the study, the method of critical analysis of current research literature and the interpretation of the results obtained in it is used. Results. Historical and philosophical analysis has shown that the underlying foundations of the stability of the social order are (both in historical and modern explication) coercion, interests, values and norms, as well as cultural inertia. Social institutions (education, science, religion, law, etc.) ensure the functioning of the substrate bases, their correction in the direction of compliance with state needs, and thereby stabilize the existing social order as a system of governance and power mechanisms. However, the fourth technological revolution, which began in the second half of the XX – beginning of the XXI century, radically changed the functionality of social institutions. This historical period, due to the significance of the changes, was called the “era of turbulence” (A. Greenspan's term). This could not but affect the stability and foundations of the social order. The most pronounced deformations in the era of turbulence are those of education and science, that is, precisely those social institutions that, along with law and culture, in traditional societies served as a guarantor of the stability of the state. The greatest destabilizing effect of education on the social order is: the ongoing change in organizational paradigms of interaction between education and other spheres of public life (from “education-science-production” to “university – government – business”); the change in the status of subjects of educational interactions: the main object of educational interactions is the individual, business systems and the family, and not the state; fictivization of education (especially higher education) in its classical form, which manifests itself in the growing importance of virtual learning, narrow specialization and massization; the growth of educational inequality with its development into a social one. These phenomena really destabilize the social order both as values/norms, as cultural traditions, and as dialectically combined interests of the authorities and individuals. Conclusions. The study of the interactions of the social order has shown that the turbulent phenomena occurring in the social institutions of society can radically affect the stability of the social order. This, in turn, increases the turbulence in society as a whole.


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