PALMAR DERMATOGLYPHICS IN MONGOLISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
HAROLD CUMMINS ◽  
CAROLYNN TALLEY ◽  
R. V. PLATOU
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Embryologic Development

It has been demonstrated that characteristic dermatoglyphic changes rank high in frequency among the variable stigmata which go to make up the syndrome of mongolism. Though they are not diagnostic alone, it is believed that these objective, measurable and unchanging evidences of mongolism seen in hand prints should be helpful in establishing an early diagnosis. Positive dermatoglyphics rank high in frequency among stigmata reported in typical examples of mongolism by 82 physicians. The technic for preparing prints is a simple one which requires very little practice for perfection; interpretation based on the empiric but definite criteria defined can be accomplished with relative ease. A series of five prints are reproduced. These findings are in keeping with the suggestion that factors responsible for the occurrence of mongolism are operative prior to the third month of fetal life, and are consistent with known facts concerning embryologic development of epidermal ridges of the palms.

Anemia in Preterm Infants

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 370-370
Author(s):  
Philip Roth
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Preterm Newborns

During fetal life, hemoglobin concentration increases from a level of 9 g/dL at l0 weeks' to 14 to 15 g/dL at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation. By the middle of the third trimester, concentrations close to those observed at birth (16 to 17 g/dL) are reached, and little additional change occurs. As a result, cord hemoglobin concentrations in term and preterm newborns are very similar, with the possible exception of the most extremely preterm infants. Immediately after birth, the hemoglobin concentration begins to rise from the combined effects of placental transfusion and the postnatal readjustment of plasma volume. At approximately 8 to 12 hours of life, the hemoglobin plateaus at levels 1 to 2 g/dL above those observed at birth (about 18 g/dL).

scholarly journals Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection changes acute-phase proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Demarchi Munhoz ◽  
Joice Lara Maia Faria ◽  
Giovanni Vargas-Hérnandez ◽  
José Jurandir Fagliari ◽  
Áureo Evangelista Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Early Detection Of Disease ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
The Third ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis

Early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis favors prompt institution of treatment and improves the prognosis for the animal, since this disease causes mortality among dogs. Studies have shown that determining the concentration of acute-phase proteins (APPs) may contribute towards early detection of disease and aid in predicting the prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the APP profile in dogs experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis, at the start of the infection and after treatment. It also investigated whether any correlation between APP levels and the clinical and laboratory alterations over the course of the disease would be possible. The results obtained showed abnormal levels of all the APPs on the third day after infection (D3), with the highest levels being reached on D18, with the exception of ceruloplasmin and acid glycoprotein, which presented their peaks on D6 and D12 respectively. We concluded that assessment of APP levels could contribute towards establishing an early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, particularly regarding acid glycoprotein and ceruloplasmin, since these proteins were detected at increased levels even before the onset of clinical and laboratory findings of the disease.

Persistence and Utilization of Maternal Iron For Blood Formation During Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-44
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Maternal Iron ◽  
Dietary Origin

During the course of investigations of maternal red cell volume, employing transfusions with radioactive iron, an opportunity was afforded to measure the persistence and utilization of iron transferred across the placenta to the infant. A wealth of fundamental data was obtained concerning the importance of iron obtained from the mother in hematopoiesis during infancy. As the donors' cells containing radioactive iron which were transfused during pregnancy were broken down, radioactive iron was released into the general supply of the mother and fetus. At birth the blood of each infant contained a measurable ratio of radioactive iron to packed red cells. The ratio of radioactive iron to hemoglobin and to hemoglobin iron could then be calculated. Further calculations gave information concerning the amounts of hemoglobin iron of transplacental and dietary origin. The results indicated that there was little or no utilization of dietary iron for hemoglobin formation by the infants until 3 to 4 months after birth. Incorporation of the radioactive iron obtained transplacentally into hemoglobin during the growth of the infant indicated that normal infants utilize iron obtained during fetal life throughout infancy. Data from infants followed for a long period suggest that after 3 to 4 months dietary iron continues to be added to transplacental iron for the production of hemoglobin and gradually begins to replace transplacental iron in hemoglobin formation during the third year.

Point-of-Care COPD Diagnostics: Biomarkers, Sampling, Paper-based Analytical Devices, and Perspectives

The Analyst ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhen He ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Zhaochu Yang ◽  
Are Branstad ◽  
Lan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Third

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third leading causes of global death. Insufficiency in early-diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially COPD exacerbation, leads to tremendous economic burden and...

scholarly journals Diphtheria is declining but continues to kill many children: analysis of data from a sentinel centre in Delhi, 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SINGH ◽  
A. K. HARIT ◽  
D. C. JAIN ◽  
R. C. PANDA ◽  
K. N. TEWARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Third

Although diphtheria is declining in Delhi, case fatality rates (CFRs) are rising. In 1997, of 143 clinically suspected cases admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital 45 (32%) died. We examined their records to understand the epidemiology and reasons for high CFRs. About 53% of cases were from Delhi; they were not limited to any particular area. All the deaths and 92% (131/143) of cases occurred in children below 10 years of age. Only 12% of cases had received one or more doses of DPT. Muslims contributed significantly more cases than Hindus. CFRs were significantly higher in young (P=0·03) and unvaccinated (P=0·01) children and in those who received antitoxin on the third day of illness or later (P=0·03). The study highlights the importance of improved vaccine coverage and early diagnosis and prompt administration of antitoxin in reducing CFRs for diphtheria in Delhi.

Outcomes for children with cardiomyopathy awaiting transplantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne E. Nield ◽  
Brian W. McCrindle ◽  
Desmond J. Bohn ◽  
Lori J. West ◽  
Jhon G. Coles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Ventricular Assistance

AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors associated with outcomes after listing for transplantation in children with cardiomyopathies.BackgroundChildhood cardiomyopathies form a heterogeneous group of diseases, and in many, the prognosis is poor, irrespective of the etiology. When profound heart failure develops, cardiac transplantation can be the only viable option for survival.MethodsWe included all children with cardiomyopathy listed for transplantation between 12/89 and 4/98 in this historical cohort study.ResultsWe listed 31 patients, 15 male and 16 female, 27 with dilated and 4 with restrictive cardiomyopathy, for transplantation. The median age at listing was 5.7 years, with a range from fetal life to 17.8 years. Transplantation was achieved in 23 (74%), with a median interval from listing of 54 days, and a range from zero to 11.4 years. Of the patients, 14 were transplanted within 30 days of listing. Five patients (16%) died before transplantation. Within the Canadian algorithm, one of these was in the third state, and four in the fourth state. One patient was removed from the list after 12 days, having recovered from myocarditis, and two remain waiting transplantation after intervals of 121 and 476 days, respectively. Patients who died were more likely to be female (5/5 vs. 11/26; p=0.04) and to have been in the third or fourth states at listing (5/5 vs. 15/26; p=0.04). The use of mechanical ventricular assistance, in 10 patients, was not a predictor of an adverse outcome. While not statistically significant, survival to transplantation was associated with treatment using inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, less mitral regurgitation, a higher mean ejection fraction and cardiac index, and lower right ventricular systolic pressure.ConclusionsChildren with cardiomyopathy awaiting transplantation have a mortality of 16% related to their clinical state at the time of listing.

Slow, programmed maturation of the immunoglobulin HCDR3 repertoire during the third trimester of fetal life

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 2745-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Schroeder ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Joseph B. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Antibody Repertoire ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
B Cell Activation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The mean distribution of lengths in the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (HCDR3) serves as a measure of the development of the antibody repertoire during ontogeny. To determine the timing and pattern of HCDR3 length maturation during the third trimester of pregnancy, the mean distribution of HCDR3 lengths among variable-diversity-joining-constant–μ (VDJCμ) transcripts from the cord blood was analyzed from 138 infants of 23 to 40 weeks' gestation, including 3 sets of twins, 2 of which were of dizygotic origin. HCDR3 maturation begins at the start of the third trimester; follows a slow, continuous expansion over a 5-month period; and is unaffected by race or sex. The range and mean distribution of lengths may vary in dizygotic twins, indicating individual rates of development. The mean HCDR3 length distribution in 10 premature infants with documented bacterial sepsis was then followed for 2 to 12 weeks after their first positive blood culture. HCDR3 spectrotype analysis demonstrated oligoclonal B-cell activation and expansion after sepsis, but maturation of the repertoire was not accelerated even by the systemic exposure to external antigen represented by bacteremia. Antibody repertoire development appears to be endogenously controlled and adheres to an individualized developmental progression that probably contributes to the relative immaturity of the neonatal immune response.

scholarly journals N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a predictor of hemodynamic significance of functioning ductus arteriosus in premature newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Artem A. Porodikov ◽  
Alexey N. Biyanov ◽  
Anna V. Permyakova ◽  
Vadim S. Tuktamyshev ◽  
Aleksey G. Kuchumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Duct ◽  
Timely Treatment

Objective. To study the possibility of using N-terminal pro-BNP fragment as a screening criterion of hemodynamic significant of the functioning arterial duct in extremely premature newborns. Hemodynamically significant functioning arterial duct (HSFAD) is a reason of the development of various complications in extremely premature newborns. The basic method for HSFAD diagnosis is Echo CG. The limited technical abilities of ultrasound devices can prevent from an early diagnosis and timely treatment of this state. The search of additional markers of hemodynamic significance the functioning arterial duct (FAD) is actual. Materials and methods. A continuous prospective observational study included patients aged 1 to 3 days with FAD, gestation period of 2532 weeks and birth weight from 500 to 1500 g. Hemodynamic significance of FAD was determined according to generally accepted Eco CG criteria. The level of NT-pro-BNP was identified with IFA on the third day of life. Mathematical modelling was used to calculate a threshold value of NT-pro-BNP, corresponding to 6500 pg/ml, at which the probability of hemodynamic significance of the functioning arterial duct exceeds 80 %. Results. The assessment of NT-pro BNP concentration on the third day of life permitted to establish the following reliable differences: in the main group, the median concentration for NT-pro BNP was 15000 [IQR 2 587; 26 500] pg/ml, in the comparison group 1920 [IQR 1379; 3467] pg/ml, р = 0.001. Mean force direct correlation, r = 0.52, between Echo CG results and NT-pro-BNP values was stated. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to use NT-pro-BNP as a screening criterion of FAD hemodynamic significance in extremely premature newborns.

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-804
Author(s):  
Robert L. Samilson ◽  
Frank A. Bersani ◽  
Melvin B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
The Third ◽  
In Infants And Children ◽  
Suppurative Arthritis

Tardily treated suppurative arthritis in infants and children results in permanent disability. Early diagnosis determines ultimate prognosis. In doubtful cases, the diagnosis should be established by aspiration or exploratory arthrotomy if necessary. This is particularly important in the newborn infant. Diagnostic aspiration should precede the administration of any antibiotic. Incision and drainage is the preferable method of evacuating an acutely infected joint. Symptoms of residual incongruity of a joint lag far behind the roentgenographic signs and do not ordinarily appear until the third decade of life.

scholarly journals Fetal and Postnatal Growth and Body Composition at 6 Months of Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamise Ay ◽  
Vera A. A. Van Houten ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Jacqueline C. M. Witteman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of the study was to examine which parental, fetal, and postnatal characteristics are associated with fat and lean mass at the age of 6 months and examine the effect of growth (catch-down, catch-up) in fetal life and early infancy on fat and lean mass. Design: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort study from early fetal life onward. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 252 infants at 6 months. Parental, fetal, and postnatal data were collected by physical and fetal ultrasound examinations and questionnaires. Results: Children with fetal catch-up in weight (gain in weight sd score >0.67) in the second trimester tended to have a higher fat mass percentage [FM(%)] at 6 months of age, whereas children with fetal catch-down in weight had a lower FM(%) compared with nonchangers. In the third trimester, both catch-up and catch-down in weight were associated with an increase in FM(%) at 6 months. Children with catch-down in the third trimester had a greater risk for postnatal catch-up in weight greater than 0.67 sd score. Birth weight and weight at 6 wk were positively associated with fat mass at 6 months. Postnatal catch-up in weight within 6 wk after birth had the highest association with total and truncal FM(%) at 6 months. Total and truncal FM were higher in girls. Conclusion: Catch-down in weight in the third trimester was strongly associated with postnatal catch-up within 6 wk after birth, and both were associated with an increase in fat mass at the age of 6 months. Our study shows that fetal as well as postnatal growth patterns are associated with body composition in early childhood.

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