Helmintofauna of sheep and goats in Dnipropetrovsk region

Wormsof classes Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808, Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 and Cestoda Rudolphi, 1808 were registered in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Dnipropetrovsk region. Identified nematodes belongto Strongylata Railliet et Henry, 1913, Rhabditata Chitwood, 1933 and Trichurata Skrjabin, 1915. Among the trematodes, representatives of Fasciolata (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1935) were identified. Cestodes were represented by Anoplocephalata (Skrjabin, 1933). Among the specific types of nematodes,representatives of the Strongylata suborder were found: Muellerius sp., Protostrongylus sp., Haemonchus contortus Rundolphi, 1802, Nematodirus sp. Among the helminths Rhabditata we identified Strongyloides papillosus Wedl, 1856, Trichurata –Trichuris sp., Fasciolata –Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 andDicrocelium lanceatum Stiles et Hassall, 1896, Anoplocephalata –Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) andM. benedeni (Moniez, 1879). The dominant species among worms in ungulates was defined as nematode H. contortus. The smallest share in the group was taken by trematode species F. hepatica and nematodesTrichuris sp. The highest biodiversity indices are recorded in samples of material selected from ungulates consuming pasture herbage from May to September (ten species of worms belonging to three classes:Muellerius sp., Protostrongylus sp., H. contortus, Nematodirus sp., S. papillosus, Trichuris sp., F. hepatica, D. lanceatum, M. expansa, M. benedeni were registered). In animals not pastured throughout the year three types of worms of the class Nematoda: S. papillosus, H. contortus and Nematodirus sp. were defined.

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Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/3602081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Borden Mushonga ◽

Dismas Habumugisha ◽

Erick Kandiwa ◽

Oscar Madzingira ◽

Alaster Samkange ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Young Male ◽

Young Female ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Selective Treatment ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Viable Solution ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Mcmaster Method

This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

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Prevalence and Scanning Electron Microscopic Identification of Anoplocephalid Cestodes among Small Ruminants in Senegal

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2016/3937292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mallé Ndom ◽

Gora Diop ◽

Yann Quilichini ◽

Tetsuya Yanagida ◽

Cheikh Tidiane Ba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Single Species ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Microscopic Identification ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Moniezia Expansa ◽

Electron Microscopic Identification ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anoplocephalid cestodes in sheep and goats in Senegal. Intestines of 462 sheep and 48 goats were examined; 47.4% of sheep and 6.2% of goats were infected. The species identified and their prevalence were, among sheep,Avitellina centripunctata38.7%,Moniezia expansa15.4%,Stilesia globipunctata16.7%, andThysaniezia ovilla0.4%. Among goats, they wereM. expansa6.2% andT. ovilla2.1%. The prevalence of all species was not statistically different between dry and rainy seasons. The infections were single or multiple. Indeed, 56.2% of sheep were infected by a single species, 37.4% by two species, and 6.4% by three species. For goats, 66.7% were infected byM. expansaand 33.3% by bothM. expansaandT. ovilla. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of tapeworms show the general diagnosis characters of these species.

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The influence of the extent of infestation by helminths upon changes in body weight of sheep in Ukraine

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011601 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

O. O. Boyko ◽

N. M. Zazharska ◽

V. V. Brygadyrenko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Digestive System ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Infection Level ◽

Moniezia Expansa ◽

Muellerius Capillaris

Among the following breeds of sheep, Merino, Bleu du Maine, Bluefaced Leicester, Dorper, Clan Forest, Suffolk, Texel and Beltex, helminths of two classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) have been registered in Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk oblast). Among the nematodes there were: parasites of the digestive system Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp. and parasites of the respiratory system Muellerius capillaris (Muller, 1889). In the excrements of small ruminants, eggs of Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1805) (Cestoda) – helminths of the small intestine, were found. Among all studied animals we found S. papillosus. 58.2% of sheep were infested with H. contortus. The lowest indicators of invasion extensivity were registered for parasitism of Trichuris sp. and M. capillaries. Extensivity of Nematodirus invasion did not exceed 16.3%. This indicator for cestodiasis, specifically monieziasis, among sheep was 25,5%. The range of fluctuation in intensivity of nematode invasion was within 7 to 860 eggs/g of excrement. This indicator for Cestoda invasion did not exceed 350 eggs/g. The highest indicators of average invasion were registered for parasitism by S. papillosus and H. contortus. The lowest average indicators of intensity were found for Trichuris. For Nematoda and Muellerius they were 25.0 and 88.9 individuals/g of feces correspondingly. The greatest influence on changes of body weight in sheep was caused by nematodes of the digestive tract Trichuris sp. and of the respiratory organs M. capillaris. The indicators of Trichuris infection level are the lowest in comparison with other registered helminthiases.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.248978 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

Ruhoollah ◽

W. Khan ◽

O. A. Al-Jabr ◽

T. Khan ◽

A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽

Fasciola Spp

Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

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Development and Potential Application of Ras Domain Containing Protein from Haemonchus contortus for Diagnosis of Goat Infection

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10010138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kalibixiati Aimulajiang ◽

Man Cao ◽

Shuyi Liao ◽

Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi ◽

Xiaowei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fecal Examination ◽

Diagnostic Potential

Haemonchus contortus is an important gastrointestinal nematode of small ruminants that causes significant mortality in goats worldwide. Diagnosis of this infection mainly depends on the evaluation of clinical signs and fecal examination. However, limitations often occur in early or mild infections. For this purpose, serological diagnosis seems to be more accurate and reliable. Ras domain-containing protein (Ras) is one of H. contortus’s excretory and secretory products (ESPs) that can be isolated from different larval stages of the nematode. In this study, the recombinant H. contortus Ras domain-containing protein (rHcRas) was expressed and purified and its diagnostic potential was evaluated. Reactions between rHcRas and goat sera were tested using Western blotting (WB). The results showed that rHcRas could be recognized by sera as early as 14 days post infection (DPI), and antibodies against rHcRas in infected goats could be maintained for over 89 days. No reaction was found between rHcRas and antibodies against Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, or Toxoplasma gondii. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was produced based on rHcRas. The optimal coating antigen (157 ng of rHcRas/well) and serum dilutions (1:50) were determined via checkerboard titration. Indirect ELISA based on rHcRas showed 87.5% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity. The cut-off values for this experiment were determined to be 0.324 (positive) and 0.273 (negative), respectively, and the variation coefficient (CV) was less than 15%. The results of the indirect ELISA in-field examination showed that 17.6% (9/51) of the goats were infected with H. contortus, higher than the fecal examination results (15.7%, 8/51). When compared the results of the indirect ELISA and necropsy testing, 98.0% (50/51) consistency was found. These results indicated that rHcRas was a potential antigen for the diagnosis of H. contortus infection in goats.

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Accurate and interpretable prediction of poor health in small ruminants with accelerometers and machine learning

10.1101/2020.08.03.234203 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Axel X. Montout ◽

Ranjeet S. Bhamber ◽

Debbie S. Lange ◽

Doreen Z. Ndlovu ◽

Eric R. Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Economic Outcomes ◽

Poor Health ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sheep And Goats

Accurate assessment of the health status of individual animals is a key step in timely and targeted treatment of infections, which is critical in the fight against anthelmintic and antimicrobial resistance. The FAMACHA scoring system has been used successfully to detect levels of anaemia caused by infection with the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants and is an effective way to identify individuals in need of treatment. However, assessing FAMACHA is labour-intensive and costly as individuals must be manually examined at frequent intervals over the Haemonchus season. Here, we show that accelerometers can measure individual activity in extensively grazing small ruminants subject to natural Haemonchus contortus worm infection in southern Africa over long time-scales, and when combined with machine learning, can predict the smallest pre-clinical increases in FAMACHA score as well as those individuals that respond to treatment, all with high precision (>95%). We demonstrate that these classifiers remain robust over time, and remarkably, generalise without retraining across goats and sheep in different regions and types of farming enterprise. Interpretation of the trained classifiers reveal that as the effect of haemonchosis increases, both sheep and goats exhibit a similar reduction in the fine-grained variation of their activity levels. Our study thus reveals common behavioural patterns across small ruminant species, which low-cost biologgers can exploit to detect subtle changes in animal health and enable timely and targeted intervention. This has real potential to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare as well as limit the use of anthelmintic drugs and hence diminish pressures on anthelmintic resistance under conditions of both commercial and resource-poor communal farming.Significance StatementIncreasing availability make biologgers and machine learning viable solutions to current challenges in global livestock farming. We demonstrate a pipeline that accurately predicts the earliest signs of parasitic disease in small ruminants. With Haemonchus contortus nematode infection in sheep and goats as the exemplar, we illustrate that the predictive model generalises across time and even species without retraining. We show that prediction is driven by a reduction in the variation of activity levels in animals with poor health. Our findings suggest that health of individual livestock can be monitored remotely, reducing labour costs, improving animal welfare, and allowing for targeted selective treatment under contrasting farming conditions. This will decrease animal loss, maximise economic outcomes, and reduce pressures on drug resistance.

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Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i3.8317 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noorzaid Muhamad ◽

Syahirah Sazeli ◽

Resni Mona ◽

Jannathul Firdous

Keyword(s):

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

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Molecular Detection and Phylogeny of Anaplasmaphagocytophilum and Related Variants in Small Ruminants from Turkey

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 814

Author(s):

Münir Aktaş ◽

Sezayi Özübek ◽

Mehmet Can Uluçeşme

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

First Time ◽

Japan And China ◽

Apparently Healthy

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.

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Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Alexandra Kahl ◽

Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna ◽

Jürgen Krücken ◽

Martin Ganter

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Liver Parenchyma ◽

Trematode Species ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Juvenile Worm ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Common Liver Fluke

Grazing sheep and goats are constantly exposed to helminth infections in many parts of the world, including several trematode species that causes a range of clinical diseases. The clinical picture of flukes is dependent upon the organs in which they develop and the tissues they damage within the respective organs. Accordingly, infections with the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which, as juvenile worm migrates through the liver parenchyma for several weeks, may be associated with hepatic disorders such as impairment of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, followed by chronic wasting. In contrast, the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which does not exhibit tissue migration and thus does not lead to major tissue damage and bleeding, also does not lead to significant clinical symptoms. Rumen flukes such as Cotylophoron daubneyi cause catarrhal inflammation during their migration through the intestinal and abomasal epithelium during its juvenile stages. Depending on the infection intensity this may result in a range of clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence or emaciation. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on flukes particularly concerning the clinical relevance of the most important fluke species in sheep.

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