scholarly journals Effects of duration and conditions of storage on germination of seeds of Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum (Orobanchaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
A. G. Lapirov ◽  
E. A. Belyakov ◽  
O. A. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Long Storage

Choosing optimum conditions for plants of the Pedicularis genus to productively germinate and undergo the initial stages of development is currently a relevant problem in the search of solutions to successfully grow these taxa. For the experiments, seeds of Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L. (Lamiales, Orobanchaceae) were collected in the first decade of September in the vicinity of Chashnitskoe Lake. The study of specifics of germination of seeds and the initial stages of the development of P. sceptrum-carolinum was carried out in controlled laboratory conditions in a climate chamber with illumination (1,200–1,500 lux, photoperiod of 9/15, temperature of 23–25 °С). After a month-long storage of seeds in their fruit capsules in the laboratory conditions, the greatest germination (83.3–93.3%) was achieved after their subsequent dry maintenance (taken out of the fruits) in a refrigerator at the temperature of +2…+3 ºС for 3 or 6 months. Lower values of final germination were obtained after maintaining dry seeds at the temperature of –24…–28 ºС for 3 months. Increasing periods of such storage up to six months led to decrease in the final germination and energy of germination. After-ripening lasting different periods provided lower values of the two most important parameters – final germination and energy of germination, even in cases of quite long periods of dry storage in the laboratory. The initial stages of the development of plants from seeds of P. sceptrum-carolinum, which had undergone 3-month stratification in a refrigerator, were studied during the period of 2.0 (2.5) months in different conditions: Petri dishes on moistened filter paper, and in glass vessels with settled tap water, in soil in a plastic container (pure groups of sowed seeds) and also in soil sown together with seeds of Avena sativa L., with seeds put singly into a plastic block of 9 cassettes. The study revealed morphological differences in plants that had developed over the two-months growth, in each variant of the experiment. We recorded fragmentary development of haustorial hairs on the lateral roots of the plants in the pure sown group and also the haustorium in the group sown together with common oat. We achieved no further development and the plants died. The plants grew for a longer period (2.5 months) in the pure sown groups, which then died as well. The study we performed may be a basis for preparing successful introduction and cultivation of P. sceptrum-carolinum, which would be an important source of preservation of a species that raises concerns on account of the rapid decreases in its populations, narrowing of its range and rare occurrence.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ABSCISIC ACID ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF STAGE III ROOTING ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA (ROSACEAE)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137f-1137
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Colon ◽  
Mike Kane ◽  
Dewayne Ingram ◽  
Hilton Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Differences

Stage 2 micropropagules were transferred into woody plant medium supplemented with either 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L ABA (Abscisic acid) and with or without 1 mg/L IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), Significant decreases in total dry weight and shoot length were observed at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L of ABA regardless of IBA concentration, Leaf area was significantly reduced in all treatments by increasing ABA levels. In the absence of IBA no callus formed but lateral roots developed. Another experiment using ABA levels of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 0, 1 mg/L IBA was conducted. Total number of roots decreased with increasing ABA levels. Adventitious roots which formed on the stem and roots originating from root primordia were observed in all ABA levels with IBA, Callus did not form in the treatments lacking IBA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to document morphological differences due to ABA, Abscisic acid levels in leaf tissue were assayed using immunological techniques.

scholarly journals Cadmium in Water Samples determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Solid Phase Extraction using DOWEX 50WX2 resin

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yuniar Yuniar ◽  
◽  
Siti Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Optimum Conditions

The Pre-concentration of Cd(II) in water samples was carried out by using column solid phase extraction DOWEX 50WX2 prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry analyzed. The analytical parameters consist of pH, flow rate, volume of eluent and volume of sample were determined.The optimum conditions were obtained pH was 5, sample flow rate was 1 mL min−1, volume of eluent nitric acid 1N was 10 mL and sample volume was 50 mL. The optimum conditions obtained were used to determine the detection limit and the accuracy of the method using tap water samples. Determination of detection limit used tap water which contain Cd 0.001 mg L-1 and the accuracy (recovery,%R) with concentration of Cd 0.01 mg L-1. The detection limit was found 0.2697±0.0899 µg L− 1 (n=7) and accuracy (n=7) was 93±6%. The result showed the accuracy still meets the acceptance criteria for accuracy (70%-125%) and the RSD 6% is smaller than the Horwitz value of 20.8%. Based on the accuracy (R%) and % RSD values obtained, it can be concluded that this method provides effective results for pre-concentration to increase the detection limit of Cd (II)in clean water using SSA-flame.

scholarly journals A Simple Colorimetric Assay for Sensitive Cu2+ Detection Based on the Glutathione-Mediated Etching of MnO2 Nanosheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurong Tang ◽  
Qiao Liu ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Fengping An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Layered Nanostructures ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

In this paper, we developed a quick, economical and sensitive colorimetric strategy for copper ions (Cu2+) quantification via the redox response of MnO2 nanosheets with glutathione (GSH). This reaction consumed MnO2 nanosheets, which acted as a catalyst for the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue product (oxTMB). In the presence of Cu2+, the GSH was catalyzed to GSSG (oxidized glutathione), and the solution changed from colorless to deep blue. Under the optimum conditions, the absorption signal of the oxidized product (oxTMB) became proportional to Cu2+ concentration in the range from 10 to 300 nM with a detection limit of 6.9 nM. This detection system showed high specificity for Cu2+. Moreover, the system has been efficaciously implemented for Cu2+ detection in actual tap water samples. The layered-nanostructures of MnO2 nanosheets make it possess high chemical and thermal stability. TMB can be quickly oxidized within 10 min by the catalyzing of MnO2 nanosheets with high oxidase-like activity. There is no need of expensive reagents, additional H2O2 and complicated modification processes during the colorimetric assay. Therefore, the strategy primarily based on MnO2 nanosheets is promising for real-time, rapid and highly sensitive detection of Cu2+ under practical conditions.

Interictal Electroencephalogram Changes in Patients with Seizure Disorder in Al-Basrah General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suroor Mohamed Dahiam ◽  
Farah Nabil Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Abdaljawad Salim
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Good Technique

This study investigated the optimum conditions for the total pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removal from PPCPs-contaminated tap water using ozonation treatment. The optimum conditions for maximum PPCPs removal were determined through a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Three operational variables, i.e. PPCPs concentration (1-600 µg/L, retention time15-30 min and pH 6-9 units) were investigated by setting PPCPs removal concentration as the maximum. The optimum conditions were selected with the highest desirability of 0.967 using the maximum concentration of PPCPs and highest removal of PPCPs from the water (95-100 %) with the minimum retention time for 15 min and the pH was set at pH 8.9. From a validation test of the optimum conditions, it was found that the maximum PPCPs removal from contaminated tap water was closely to the predicted ones with less than 5% error for all the four compounds which give an evidence that ozonation is a good technique to remove PPCPs from water stream.

THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF SWEET CHERRIES DURING THE THAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Upadysheva
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Horticultural Research

Studies on the frost resistance of sweet cherries were carried out in 2019–2020 in the FSBSI of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in laboratory conditions by artificial freezing in the climate chamber TH-6 JEIO TECH-1000. Objects of research: Tyutchevka and Chermashnaya varieties grafted on 8 clonal rootstocks (Colt, Izmailovsky, AVCH-2, V-5-88, VC-13, Moskoviya, VSL-2, Stepnoy Rodnik). The aim of the research is to study the effect of clonal rootstocks on the frost resistance of cherry buds and tissues during the thaw and to identify the most frost-resistant scion-rootstock combinations for the 3rd component. It was found that after freezing at t = -20 °C during the thaw, the safety of flower buds in the Tyutchevka variety in both years of research was more than 80 %, and in the Chermashnaya variety — from 20 to 30 %, depending on the year. The limits of changes in the frost resistance of generative buds of varieties depending on the rootstock are shown: in the Tyutchevka variety — from 66.8 % (V-5-88) to 96.4 % (Izmailovsky), and in the Chermashnaya variety — from 7.7 % (V-5-88) to 65.5 % (AVCH-2). When using the AVCH-2 and Izmailovsky clonal rootstocks, the safety of flower buds increased by 30 % compared to the Colt rootstock. The most frost-resistant scion –rootstock combinations for each variety were identified: Tyutchevka/Izmailovsky and Tyutchevka/Stepnoy Rodnik, which preserved more than 90 % of the living rudiments; Chermashnaya/AVCH-2 (65.5 %) and Chermashnaya/Izmailovsky (40.1 %). Vegetative buds and tissues of annual branches were practically free of freezing in the studied varieties when grafted on the rootstocks of Stepnoy Rodnik and AVCH-2. In the Chermashnaya variety, damage of about 1 point of the phloem and vascular bundle under the buds was noted when grafting on rootstocks V-5-88 and Colt.

Increasing Corrosion Resistance of Pressure Vessels at the Hydrostatic Pressure Testing by Using Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mihai Iordoc ◽  
Georgiana Marin ◽  
Georgeta Stoianovici ◽  
Paula Prioteasa ◽  
Cristinel Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Hydraulic Test ◽  
Corrosion Initiation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves

Studies of the corrosion initiation at the pressure hydraulic test of pressure vessels during their filling, maintaining and draining are presented. It has been established that the most suitable method involves the use of corrosion inhibitors, which directly decrease the corrosion rate even in small or very small quantities. It was studied the influence of some corrosion inhibitors at different concentrations on some steel materials commonly used at pressure vessels manufacturing. The study involved the inhibitors testing both in laboratory and in factory conditions. Testing in laboratory conditions involved the analysis of the following inhibitors: urea, thiourea, triethanolamine, FINEAMIN 88 and FINEAMIN 06. The results were compared with those of the Adirol inhibitor, the currently used inhibitor. It was investigated the corrosion of the following stainless steels and unalloyed steels: A 240 grade 304, A 240 grade 316, A 516 grade 70, A 516 grade 60, P260-GH, P265, P275, P295-GH, P295, and P355. By recording the potentiodynamic polarization curves, the corrosion parameters (corrosion potential, corrosion current density, polarization resistance, corrosion rate, charge transfer coefficients for anodic and cathodic processes, inhibitors acting coefficients, and inhibition efficiencies) have been evaluated. The following corrosion inhibitor solutions were selected for testing under the factory specific conditions: Instal Protect SP at concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10%, ELG INCOR SP at 10% concentration, FINEAMIN 06 at 10/00 concentration and a mixture of 40mL FINEAMIN 06 + 40 mL FINEAMIN 88 SCAV25 in 40 L water. The analysed steels were A 106 grade B and A 283 grade C. Tests in laboratory conditions revealed a different behaviour of the inhibitors, depending on the analysed concentration and steel grade. The inhibitors proven as appropriate following the tests in the factory conditions were ELG INCOR SP used in industrial water (tap water), whereas the mixture of FINEAMIN 06 + FINEAMIN 88 SCAV25 had efficiency only in demineralised water.

scholarly journals The modification of method of the artificial inoculation of sunflower seedlings with Phoma rot pathogen in the laboratory conditions to identify the colonizing activity of strains-producer of microbiopreparations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (184) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
L.V. Maslienko ◽  
◽  
A.Kh. Voronkova ◽  
L.A. Datsenko ◽  
E.A. Efimtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intensive Development

We carried the work in the biomethod laboratory of the crop management department of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We modified the method of artificial inoculation of sunflower seedlings with a pathogen in a laboratory conditions for the secondary screening of antagonist strains from the collection of the biomethod laboratory to Phoma rot pathogen. We developed a five-point scale for evaluation of affection degree of sunflower seedlings by Phoma rot pathogen: 0 points – healthy seedlings; 1 point – darkening of the root tip, intensive development of lateral roots; 2 points – darkening of the root by a third or up to the middle, but intensive development of lateral roots; 3 points – necking of rot in the middle of the root or between the hypocotyl and the root, lateral roots are poorly developed; 4 points – root rotting to the middle or necking between the hypocotyl and the root, but intensive development of lateral roots; 5 points – complete rotting of the root, lateral roots are poorly developed or absent; 1-3 – viable seedlings; 4-5 – non-viable seedlings. The optimal period of exposure of the root tips of sunflower seedlings to the pathogen colony equal to 3 hours develops an average background of infection with the pathogen (60.0 %) already on the first day, at which it is possible to evaluate at an early stage the difference between the variants by the colonizing activity of laboratory samples of microbiological preparations.

scholarly journals In-vitro Seed Germination Biology of Milicia Excelsa Population Collected from Benchi-Maji Zone, South Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED ADEFA SEID ◽  
Yigardu Mulatu ◽  
Agena Anjulo ◽  
Semaigzer Ayalew ◽  
Marshet Nigatu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, species used for timber production are limited to few species. So, it is becoming necessary to find innovative ways of maintaining and improving the genetic quality of species such as Milicia excelsa by domesticating them into a wider scale of ecological and social environment. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the seed germination biology and behavior of Milicia excelsa under in-vitro laboratory conditions so as to promote the domestication and establishment of seed production areas (SPA) in-situ. Methods: Seeds collected from Benchi district of Benchi-Maji zone of southwestern Ethiopia were subjected to germination biology in-vitro to determine the germination responses of M. excelsa seeds under laboratory conditions. So, a total of 1200 seeds were randomly selected, treated and prepared using four treatments procedures with six replications for paper method and 3 replications for sand method, and tested using paper methods in CRD design. So, 600 seeds were tested using paper and sand methods each where 25 seeds were tested for each replication in paper and 50 seeds for each replication in sand method. The germination process was lasted between 19 March 2020 and 15 May 2020. Result: The mean germination percentage of seeds of M. excelsa was noticed to be lower than 20%. This is below the expected (45%) germination rate of mature and healthy seed lot. Overall, seeds that were not treated using any pre-sowing treatments has shown relatively better germination percentage (19%) followed by seeds rubbed by hand (15%). Analysis of one-way t-test shows that the effects untreated (control –T1) and rubbing by hand treatments (T4) is significant at p < 0.05 compared to the effects of the other pre-sowing treatments (T2- seeds only washed with normal tap water, and T3- seeds washed and soaked in hot water for 15 minutes) on the germination capability of seeds of M. excelsa . However, no significance difference was observed between control (T1) and hand scarification (T2). Conclusions: The average germination of M. excelsa seeds combined for all treatments is lower than 20% which is lower germination when comparing with other similar research reported in other countries. Therefore, it required to include and test other pre-sowing treatments including tissue culture micro-propagation of seeds to maximize the germination of M. excelsa seeds helping to get enough seedlings required for the domestication project.

Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages ofHyostrongylus rubidusboth in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Laboratory Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Continuous Freezing

SUMMARYFaeces containing eggs ofHyostrongylus rubiduswere deposited on grass plots each month throughout 1980. Eggs in faeces deposited on plots from May to October developed into infective larvae but in May development was completed only in artificially moistened faeces, the weather was warm and dry and natural faeces dried out rapidly resulting in the death of eggs and pre-infective larvae. For the remainder of this period the weather was sufficiently warm and wet for development to be completed. More eggs developed into infective larvae on plots with well-grown herbage than on plots with short herbage. In April a few eggs survived and developed into lst-stage larvae but no further development took place. In the laboratory development was completed at temperatures ranging from 10 to 27 °C but no development took place at 4 °C. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived on herbage for up to 10 months while in the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer at 10 and 22 °C, but the larvae were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 95%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed and a comparison made with the free-living stages ofOesophagostomum dentatum.

scholarly journals Cytokinin accumulation and an altered ethylene response mediate the pleiotropic phenotype of the pea nodulation mutant R50 (sym16)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 989-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J Ferguson ◽  
Ericka M Wiebe ◽  
R J Neil Emery ◽  
Frédérique C Guinel
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitor ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

R50 (sym16), a pleiotropic mutant of Pisum sativum L., is short, has thickened internodes and roots, and has a reduced number of lateral roots and nodules. Its low nodule phenotype can be restored with the application of ethylene inhibitors; furthermore, it can be mimicked by applying cytokinins (CKs) to the roots of the parent line ‘Sparkle’. Here, we report on the etiolation phenotypes of R50 and ‘Sparkle’, and on the interactive roles of ethylene and CKs in these lines. R50 displayed an altered etiolation phenotype, as it was shorter and thicker, and had more developed leaves than dark-grown ‘Sparkle’. Shoot morphological differences induced by exogenous ethylene or CKs were found to be less severe for R50. Ethylene inhibitor application induced root and shoot elongation and encouraged apical hook opening in both etiolated lines. Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated that CK concentrations in R50 were higher than in ‘Sparkle’, particularly in mature shoots where the levels were maintained at elevated concentrations. These differences indicate a reduction in the CK catabolism of R50. The accumulation of CKs can be directly related to several traits of R50, with the reduced number of nodules and altered shoot ethylene response being likely indirect effects. Key words: cytokinin, de-etiolation, ethylene, etiolation, pea, nodulation mutant.

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