Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages ofHyostrongylus rubidusboth in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Laboratory Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Continuous Freezing

SUMMARYFaeces containing eggs ofHyostrongylus rubiduswere deposited on grass plots each month throughout 1980. Eggs in faeces deposited on plots from May to October developed into infective larvae but in May development was completed only in artificially moistened faeces, the weather was warm and dry and natural faeces dried out rapidly resulting in the death of eggs and pre-infective larvae. For the remainder of this period the weather was sufficiently warm and wet for development to be completed. More eggs developed into infective larvae on plots with well-grown herbage than on plots with short herbage. In April a few eggs survived and developed into lst-stage larvae but no further development took place. In the laboratory development was completed at temperatures ranging from 10 to 27 °C but no development took place at 4 °C. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived on herbage for up to 10 months while in the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer at 10 and 22 °C, but the larvae were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 95%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed and a comparison made with the free-living stages ofOesophagostomum dentatum.

Observations on the bionomics of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus vitrinus

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Laboratory Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Continuous Freezing

AbstractEggs of Trichostrongylus vitrinus in faecal pellets deposited on grass plots each month from April 1981 to March 1982 developed into infective larvae. From October to March development was slow and mortality of the pre-infective stages was very high. From April to September development was more rapid. The weather was generally dry and mortality of the pre-infective stages was high on plots with short herbage but was lower on most of the plots with long herbage, especially in July and August. In the laboratory, development of eggs into infective larvae was completed at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 27°C in faecal pellets which were either kept moist or dried out slowly, but not in faecal pellets which dried out rapidly. The rate of development increased as the temperature rose. Infective larvae survived for up to 16 months on the herbage of grass plots; some survived during very cold weather in the winter of 1981/82. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer at 4°C and 10°C but not at higher temperatures. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing. They Survived for up to 8 weeks when subjected to desiccation, The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed

Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYEggs of Oesophagostomum dentatum in faeces deposited on grass plots from May to October developed into infective larvae. Warm wet weather facilitated development but weather conditions which caused the faeces to dry out rapidly resulted in a heavy mortality of eggs and pre-infective larvae. During the winter no development took place and the eggs died. In the early spring and late autumn a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but they died without developing further. In the laboratory no development took place at 4 °C but at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 °C development into infective larvae was completed, the rate increasing as the temperature rose. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived in faeces and on herbage for 1 year under a wide range of climatic conditions including the exceptionally cold winter of 1978–79. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in water survived even longer at temperatures ranging from 4 to 27 °C. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 90%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed.

Survival of the first-stage larvae and infective larvae of Bunostomum trigonocephalum Rudolphi, 1808

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandana Narain
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Laboratory Facilities

The free-living larval stages of Bunostomum trigonocephalum are better adapted to low temperatures than high temperatures. Most survived at 10°C.In tap water, 1st-stage larvae survived for 11 days at 0°C, 17 days at 5°C, 20 days at 10°C, 15 days at 15°C, 18 days at 20°C, 15 days at 25°C, 9 days at 30°C, 7 days at 34°C, 4 days at 35°C, 16 h at 40°C, 40 min at 45°C and 20 min at 50°C.In tap water infective larvae survived for 40 days at 0°C, 70 days at 5°C, 100 days at 10 and 15°C. 65 days at 20°C, 48 days at 25°C, 38 days at 30°C, 14 days at 34°C, 6 days at 35°C, 5 days at 40°C, 3 h at 45°C and 105 min at 50°C.In tap water at room temperature infective larvae survived for 26 days in January, 20 days in February, 21 days in March, 13 days in April, 10 days in May, 6 days in June, 9 days in July and August, 11 days in September, 12 days in October, 14 days in November and 17 days in December.I thank Professor M. B. Lal for his interest and for providing laboratory facilities in the Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow; Dr Premvati for guidance; and the Scientific Research Committee, U.P., India, for financial help.

Observations on the Bionomics of the Free-living First Stage Larvae of the Sheep Lungworm, Muellerius capillaris

1957 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Continuous Freezing ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

1. Observations on faecal pellets, herbage and soil, under natural climatic conditions, indicate that the larvae of M. capillaris survive for several months. The majority of the surviving larvae remain in the faecal pellets, and do not pass on to the herbage.2. In the laboratory, larvae survived for many weeks in dry faeces, but the longevity was less in wet faeces. They survived better at a low temperature range of 3–6°C, than at higher temperatures.3. They exhibit a considerable degree of resistance to desiccation; some survived for a maximum of fourteen days at a relative humidity of 75%.4. Bright sunlight rapidly kills off the larvae.5. They can survive at temperatures below freezing point. All of the larvae were alive after three days' continuous freezing, but none were alive after being frozen for twelve days.

The relationship between pasture herbage and the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTPlots of pastureland with well grown herbage provided a more favourable environment for the survival and development of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum in faeces during warm dry weather than did plots with short herbage. This was because well grown herbage gave better protection against the unfavourable effects of dryness than did short herbage. There was no significant difference between the plots during cool wet weather.

FORMALIZED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM RISK MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sergeevna Kozunova ◽  
Alla Grigorievna Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
System Risk ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

The article highlights the aspects of risk management in the information system. According to the analysis of the work of Russian and foreign scientists and world practices in the field of risk management, it is stated that there is a need to improve the effectiveness of risk management of information system and to develop a method for managing the risks of the information system. As a solution to the problem of effective risk management of the information system, there has been proposed a formalized procedure for managing the risks of the information system. The scientific novelty of this solution is the use of decision space and optimization space to reduce risks. This procedure allows to assess the damage, risk and effectiveness of risk management of the information system. The risks of the information system are determined and analyzed; a pyramidal risk diagram is developed. This diagram allows you to describe the relationship of risks with the components of the information system. The negative consequences to which these risks can lead are given. The analysis of methods and approaches to risk management has been carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, the methods GRAMM, CORAS, GOST R ISO / IEC scored to the maximum. The weak points of these methods and the difficulty of applying these methods in practice are described. The developed formalized risk management procedure to control the risks of information system can be used as management system’s element of the information security quality that complies with the recommendations of GOST R ISO / IEC 27003-2012. The prospect of further development of the research results is the development of management systems of risk of information system.

Technological and Economic Aspects of Intensive Gardening Development in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
L.A. Velibekova ◽  
◽  
Sh.M. Magomedgadgiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Key Industry ◽  
Fruit Plantations

The article notes that the growing popularity of healthy lifestyles contributes to the increase in consumption of fruits and berries. At the same time, the analysis of the dynamics of the gardening industry for 2000-2018 shows that the problem of providing fresh fruits and berries to the population remains one of the most important. Based on actual data, linear and logarithmic models of time series of key industry indicators for the period 2010 – 2019 have been compiled. Calculations showed that in the Russian Federation as a whole the trend of reduction of sown areas of perennial fruit plantations will continue with growth of yield and gross fees. In this regard, the issues of distribution and introduction of gardens of intensive type are updated. An overview of the views of domestic scientists-gardeners on the concept of “intensive garden” is given. It has been established that the distribution of intensive gardens is possible only if there are favorable natural and climatic conditions and a developed scientific and production base of nursery management. The current state and problems of gardening in one of the leading regions – the Republic of Dagestan - are considered. A significant technological lag of region in the further development of intensive horticulture has been identified. Various directions of intensification process in horticulture as the main and necessary condition of growth of efficient and sustainable production are summarized.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

Spaces of Consumption in American Literary Realism

2019 ◽  
pp. 391-410
Author(s):  
Gary Totten
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Strategies

This chapter discusses how consumer culture affects the depiction and meaning of the natural world in the work of American realist writers. These writers illuminate the relationship between natural environments and the social expectations of consumer culture and reveal how such expectations transform natural space into what Henri Lefebvre terms “social space” implicated in the processes and power dynamics of production and consumption. The representation of nature as social space in realist works demonstrates the range of consequences such space holds for characters. Such space can both empower and oppress individuals, and rejecting or embracing it can deepen moral resolve, prompt a crisis of self, or result in one’s death. Characters’ attempts to escape social space and consumer culture also provide readers with new strategies for coping with their effects.

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