scholarly journals The Influence of Religion on the Political Situation in Egypt in 2011–2013: "Political Islam" and "Islamic Fundamentalism"

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Antonіі Palamar
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Role Of Religion

The influence of religion on politics is inherent not only to the Islamic world, however, none of political theorist should ignore the role of Islam in Muslims’ public life, its impact on the policies of Muslim nations and the global geopolitical situation. Due to its historical uniqueness Modern Islam is not only a religion but also a way of life for the vast majority of Muslims and the basis of their civilizational and even national self-identification. Therefore, the role of religion in the Muslim world is different to that of countries, mostly populated by Christians, as Christianity is legally separated from the system of public administration in European countries. Islam, on the other hand, regulates not only the sociocultural sphere of society, including human relations, but also significantly affects the socio-political life of many Muslim countries, where Islamist movements have now become the major part this sphere.In Egypt, where authoritarian secular regime of Hosni Mubarak was overthrown during the revolution, Islamists took the lead in the protest movement, won the first democratic elections and used the opportunity to lead the country after nearly 60 years of underground activity. This paper examines the influence of the religious factor on the change of Egypt’s political regime in 2011-2013 by conceptualizing the terms of “political Islam” and “Islamic fundamentalism.” The author concludes that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and its Freedom and Justice Party should not be defined as “fundamentalists” because: 1. they don’t try to return to a “righteous caliphate,” Sharia, and a literal perception of the sacred texts; 2. the Brothers could not be viewed as the most conservative force among Islamists, while Salafists are properly rightly considered to be; 3. the association is considered as a part of moderate Islamism, an ideology that does not mandate any the use of armed methods of struggle. At the same time, the author argues that owing to the fact that Egyptian “Muslim Brotherhood” adhered to moderate Islamism as an ideological party basis, it became a decisive reason that provided them a venue at the top tier of the government in 2011-2013.

scholarly journals The Public Chamber as a Mediator between Government, Society, and Expert Community in the Kemerovo Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Mihail Klimenkov
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Expert Community

The Public Chamber is currently attracting a lot of scientific attention. The present research owes its relevance to the fact that the Public Chamber remains passive, despite claiming an important role in the development of civil society. The research objective was to identify the place and role of the Public Chamber in the regional socio-political life. The article focuses on its ability to act as a mediator between the government and civil society. The author sees the Public Chamber as a communication platform, which allows the scientific community to influence public policy by acting as experts. The empirical study lasted from February to June 2020 and involved former and current members of the Public Chamber of the Kemerovo region, as well as its researchers and experts. The analysis was based on the qualitative approach and the methods of informal expert interviews, comparative analysis, and content analysis. The author identified two main criteria: the model of regional power and the regional political regime. These criteria determine the final configuration, i.e. the influence and role of the Public Chamber in the regional public policy. The Public Chamber appeared to be more of an imitator than a real actor in the field of the local public policy. The paper also introduces a new classification of the development of the Public Chamber in the Kemerovo region.

THE EFFECT OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE MILITARY MEN VALUE BASED ORIENTATION FORMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.

Philosophical and Pedagogical Views of Yu. F. Samarin

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Lev E. Shaposhnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of Religion

The paper analyses the evolution of Yu. Samarin’s ideas from rationalism to “holistic knowledge”. Special attention is paid to the philosopher’s conceptualization of the key role of religion for a nation. The author also examines the scholar’s position concerning the promotion of patriotism as an important impetus for social development. Emphasis is made on analyzing the interaction of universal and national aspects in the educational process, as well as on the value of national identity in the field of humanities. The article also presents Yu. Samarin’s critical evaluation of the government educational policy and his suggestions on increasing its effectiveness. The author notes the relevance of Yu. Samarin’s views for the contemporary philosophical and educational context.

scholarly journals Social and Institutional Origins of Political Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN BROOKE ◽  
NEIL KETCHLEY
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
State Infrastructure

Under what conditions did the first Islamist movements organize? Which social and institutional contexts facilitated such mobilization? A sizable literature points to social and demographic changes, Western encroachment into Muslim societies, and the availability of state and economic infrastructure. To test these hypotheses, we match a listing of Muslim Brotherhood branches founded in interwar Egypt with contemporaneous census data on over 4,000 subdistricts. A multilevel analysis shows that Muslim Brotherhood branches were more likely in subdistricts connected to the railway and where literacy was higher. Branches were less likely in districts with large European populations, and where state administration was more extensive. Qualitative evidence also points to the railway as key to the movement’s propagation. These findings challenge the orthodoxy that contact between Muslims and the West spurred the growth of organized political Islam, and instead highlight the critical role of economic and state infrastructure in patterning the early contexts of Islamist activism.

Indian Labour and the Geographies of the Great War

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Radhika Singha
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World Order ◽  
International Order ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global War ◽  
The Great War

This chapter assesses the key role of the non-combatant or follower ranks in the history of sub-imperial drives exerted across the land and sea frontiers of India. The reliance of the War Office upon combatant and non-combatant detachments from the Indian Army, used in combination with units of the British Army, left an imprint upon the first consolidated Indian Army Act of 1911. From 1914 the inter-regional contests of the Government of India for territory and influence, such as those running along the Arabian frontiers of the Ottoman empire, folded into global war. Nevertheless the despatch of an Indian Expeditionary Force to Europe in August 1914 disrupted raced imaginaries of the world order. The second less publicized exercise was the sending of Indian Labor Corps and of humble horse and mule drivers to France in 1917-18. The colour bar imposed by the Dominions on Indian settlers had begun to complicate the utilisation of Indian labor and Indian troops on behalf of empire. Over 1919-21, as global conflict segued back into imperial militarism, a strong critique emerged in India against the unilateral deployment of Indian troops and military labor, on fiscal grounds, in protest against their use to suppress political life in India and to condemn the international order which their use sustained.

Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Christopher Cochrane ◽  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Jason Vandenbeukel
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Lower House ◽  
The Government

Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature at the national level. Members of the upper House, styled the Senate, are appointed by the prime minister, and members of the lower House, the House of Commons, are elected in single-member plurality electoral districts. In practice, the House of Commons is by far the more important of the two chambers. This chapter, therefore, investigates access to the floor in the Canadian House of Commons. We find that the age, gender, and experience of MPs have little independent effect on access to the floor. Consistent with the dominant role of parties in Canadian political life, we find that an MP’s role within a party has by far the most significant impact on their access to the floor. Intriguingly, backbenchers in the government party have the least access of all.

The Missing Leader: Japanese Youths' View of Political Authority

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Negative Feelings

Before 1945 Japan was the epitome of a nation whose political regime was based on the presence of a “benevolent leader,” the Emperor. The postwar democratic regime, however, was founded in explicit repudiation of this central role of the Emperor in the political life of the nation. This study, based on two surveys of Japanese children and adolescents, investigates their images of political authority figures and the consequences of those images on support for the institutions of the present regime. The first part of the paper focuses on younger children's images of possible contenders for the role of benevolent leader. The data reveal indifference toward the emperor and strong negative affect toward the prime minister. Comparison of the images of prime minister and local leader suggests that the leader's personality and leadership style, characteristics of the institutional structure of politics, and children's conceptions of the meaning of “politics” combine to the detriment of the prime minister's image. The second part of the paper centers around the question of whether there occurs in later years a spill-over of negative affect from the prime minister's image onto the other major institutions of the regime. The data indicate that a selective political cynicism emerges in adolescence, in which negative feelings toward the authoritative, output institutions of government are coupled with support for those institutions which mediate popular participation in politics. The paper concludes with a consideration of the significance that the historical origins of a political regime have for popular images of national leaders.

An alternative regional anti-terrorism law: why the state of the Muslim world are not ready to adopt a Comprehensive Antiterrorism Conventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Наталья Чернядьева
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Religious Factor

It will be conducted in this article about the role of the religious factor, in particular the Muslim version, in the structure of the terrorist movement. The author shows that the terror under the banner of Islamic fundamentalism is due to the specific understanding of religion as the most convenient way of socialization of terrorist ideas. The complexity of relationships in the organization of international security is reflected in Muslim regional and international agreements, for example, in the general understanding of the phenomenon of international terrorism. Signs of terrorism have significant differences compared with the concept recognized by the international community. This fact plays an important role in assessing the prospects for approval of the draft Comprehensive Antiterrorist Convention by Muslim countries

scholarly journals Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
V. Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Peaceful Settlement ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
State Of Israel

The article analyzes the influence of the religious aspects on the political processes in Israel. Special attention is paid to the role of religion in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The author shows the trend towards politicization of religion and characterizes the process as unconstructive, which prevents to a peaceful settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.The article also discusses the interaction between secular and religious principles in the State of Israel, estimates the current situation, highlights the importance of the religious component in the political life of Israel.

scholarly journals From Confusion to Conversion

Poetics Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-367
Author(s):  
Douglas Morrey
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
Role Of Religion

Submission (2015), a novel in which a Muslim political party is elected to govern France, has been widely interpreted as part of a ubiquitous discourse of “declinism” in contemporary French intellectual culture. The novel has been accused of complicity with a reactionary politics favoring a return to strong patriarchal authority and national pride, while the narrative of the triumph of political Islam is frequently interpreted as a thinly veiled act of Islamophobia. This ideological interpretation is, however, complicated by the bad faith of the novel’s unreliable narrator, and by the ironic treatment of his narrative voice. By taking the elusiveness of this narration more fully into account, it becomes possible to read Submission as a tentative — if never unambiguous — narrative of religious conversion. To this extent, the treatment of Islam in Submission can be seen as consistent with the persistent but ambivalent role of religion in Houellebecq’s wider work.

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