Вплив обробітку ґрунту та мінеральних добрив на біологічну активність ґрунту під посівами кукурудзи цукрової

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Lykhovyd ◽  
S. O. Lavrenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Experimental Variant ◽  
Tillage Depth

<p>The article is devoted to study of the biological activity of soil under sweet corn crops depending on tillage depth, mineral fertilizers application rate with drip irrigation in the soil-ecological conditions of the Dry Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The plan of the experiment foresaw study of such factors: A — tillage depth (moldboard plowing on 20-22 and 28-30 cm); B — mineral fertilizers application rate (no fertilizers, N<sub>60</sub>P<sub>60</sub>, N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>); C — plants density (35, 50, 65, 80 plants ha<sup>-1</sup>). We used water of the Ingulets irrigation system for irrigation. The water belongs to II quality class by agronomical criteria of the DSTU 2730-94 and its suitability for irrigation is limited. We studied the soil biological activity on variants with 65 plants ha<sup>-1 </sup>by the indicies of its respiration rate (method of V.I. Shtatnov) and linen decomposition degree (“application” method). At the same time we have made monitoring of the soil meliorative state  depending on the moldboard plowing depth by the toxic salts content, anionic-cationic composition of the aqueous soil extract. The results of the laboratory-field experiments prove that the moldboard plowing depth , mineral fertilizers application rates and soil meliorative state have an influence on its biological activity. The maximum respiration rate, which is used to characterize an activity of the aerobic microflora of the upper soil layers, was at moldboard plowing on depth of 20-22 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 250.0 mg СО<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>2</sup>×hour. Increase of the tillage depth and mineral fertilizers application rate significantly decreased carbonic acid emission to the athmosphere, which was the minimum of 178.3 mg СО<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>2</sup>×h. The maximum linen decomposition degree, which is used to characterize an activity of the cellulose-decomposing soil microflora, was at moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 58.3%. The tillage depth changed cellulose-decomposing soil microflora activity insignificantly. Mineral fertilizers application at the maximum rate of N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>decreased cellulose-decomposing soil biota activity 1.7 times comparatively to non-fertilized variant. Higher toxic salts concentration (at 0.006-0.019 %), sodium ions content (at 0.15-0.38 mg-eq/100 g of soil) in the 0-50 cm layer led to decrease of the soil biological activity. We consider, that the best from the agroecological point of view is the variant with moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm, mineral fertilizers application rate N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>.</p>

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

Soil organic carbon sequestration potential for Canadian Agricultural Ecoregions calculated using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Bolinder ◽  
O. Andrén ◽  
T. Kätterer ◽  
L -E Parent
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Sequestration Potential

The potential for storage of atmospheric CO2-C as soil organic C (SOC) in agroecosystems depends largely on soil biological activity and the quantity and quality of annual C inputs to soil. In this study we used the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) approach driven by daily standard weather station data, specific soil properties and crop characteristics at the scale of Canadian agricultural ecoregions. The objectives were to calculate a climate-dependent soil biological activity parameter representative for annual agricultural crop production systems (re_crop) and to estimate the effect of fallow (re_fallow). These parameters are based on the daily product of soil temperature and stored water that influence biological activity in the arable layer, and are used to adjust the decomposition rates of the ICBM SOC pools. We also tested re_crop and re_fallow on SOC stock change data for different site and treatment combinations from long-term field experiments located in some of the ecoregions. An re_crop value of 0.95 for western ecoregions was on average 0.23 units lower than that of the eastern ecoregions, indicating a lower decomposition rate of SOC. Although the estimated annual C inputs to soil for small-grain cereals were on average ≈7.5% higher in the eastern ecoregions (305 vs. 285 g C m-2 yr-1), the overall results suggest that the western ecoregions would have a greater potential to maintain high SOC levels in the long term. However, these parameters varied between ecoregions and, consequently, the SOC sequestration potential was not always higher for the western ecoregions. The effect of fallow was on average ≈0.04, i.e., SOC decomposed slightly faster under fallow. Predictions for 24 out of 33 site and treatment combinations across Canada were significantly improved (P = 0.003), compared with a previous application with the ICBM that did not differentiate between crops and fallow. The methodology used here enabled us to examine regional differences in the potential for SOC sequestration as a balance between annual C inputs to soil and soil biological activity. Key words: Annual C inputs, climate, fallow, soil biological activity, agroecosystems

Impact of weed management practices on soil biological activity in corn and soybean field crops in Québec (Canada)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Émile Samson-Brais ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
Matthieu Moingt ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
Serge Paquet
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Fda Hydrolysis ◽  
Sampling Times

Repeated applications and combination of glyphosate-containing herbicides (GCH) with other herbicides are two weed management practices (WMP) used to compensate for GCH decreasing efficiency impacts in field crops. These practices may have serious impacts on soil functions because GCH affect soil biota and soil biological activity (SBA). Two field experiments, one with corn and one with soybean crops, were conducted during one growing season. SBA indicators, soil respiration (SR) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, were measured at two sampling times following six WMP. These WMP included one or two GCH applications (GCH alone or combined with other herbicides), applications of other herbicides only and mechanical weeding. WMP did not affect FDA neither for corn or soybean at either sampling times. In contrast, WMP affected SR in corn fields at both sampling times and SR in soybean field at the first sampling time. Repeating GCH applications and combining different herbicides led to lower SR, suggesting that these practices decreased SBA, whilst one single GCH application presented higher SR, suggesting that this practice stimulated SBA. Our study demonstrates that using GCH in combination with other herbicides or in multiple applications affects SBA in field conditions. Affecting soil functions and carbon cycle do bear serious weed management implications, and the choice of WMP should be taken into consideration to minimize their impacts on SBA for field crops sustainability.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko ◽  
Ludmila Stepantsova ◽  
Grigory Pugachev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Soil Biological Activity within Integrated and Ecological Management of Soil

2002 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Števlíková ◽  
Soňa Javoreková ◽  
Jana Vjatráková
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Biomass Of Microorganisms

The effects of the integrated (IS) and ecological (ES) management of soil on chosen parameters of soil biological activity were investigated in the period 1999-2000. The following characteristics were determined: biomass of microorganisms (Cmic), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), an amount of potentially mineralizable nitrogen (Nbiol), and nitrification intensity. Soil samples were collected from a stationary field experiment established in 1990 on gley brown soil at the Experimental Station of Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra. For each field with a different crop rotations two fertilization treatments were selected: (a) no fertilization and (b) use of manure for silage maize and, within IS, also mineral fertilizers. There was a statistically significant difference at α = 0.05 in the amount of biologically released nitrogen (Nbiol) between both systems and in the nitrification intensity in favour of ES. A higher amount of microbial biomass (Cmic) was noted for ES but without statistical significance. Cultivated crops and the timing of soil sampling were found to have the greatest effect on all the parameters observed in individual experimental years and within the two systems of soil management.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF FIELD AND CULTIVATED IN CROP ROTATION MONOCULTURES DEPENDING ON THE CONTENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN AND SOIL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THE BLACK SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE REGIONS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Field Crops

This article is devoted to the study of the effect of nitrate nitrogen content in the soil on its biological activity on crops cultivated in the system of six-field crop rotation and mono-crops, as well as the effect of nitrate nitrogen and soil bioactivity on the yield of field crops (corn for silage, peas, millet and barley) in crop rotations and mono-crops. Field experiments were carried out on a long-term plot and the results are objective from the point of view of the data on the yield of field crops, soil bioactivity and the content of nitrate nitrogen on the crops were obtained in various weather conditions, including suitable and very dry years. Very dry years are considered when the hydrothermal index is 0.6 or less, they accounted for 68% of the total number of research years. The question of the forecrop influence and the nutritional background on the field crop yield, the content of nitrate nitrogen and the biological activity of the soil is considered. The lowest biological activity of the soil is noted in the variant with permanent barley sowing on unfertilized background - 6.0 %, on fertilized background - 6.1%. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of corn for silage is higher in mono-crops compared to crop rotation. Millet slightly reacts to application of mineral fertilizers, and when cultivated in monoculture, it reduces yield. The usage of mineral fertilizers increases the content of nitrate nitrogen and the biological activity of the soil in all variants of the experiment.

Changes in soil quality associated with tillage system applied

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Gajda ◽  
B. Przewłoka ◽  
K. Gawryjołek
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil quality associated with the tillage system applied with chosen parameters of soil biological properties. The long-term field experiments were located at a private farm in Rogów (Zamooeć region, E Poland) on a silt soil and at the Experimental Station in Laskowice (Wrocław region, S-W Poland) on a sandy loam soil. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers. Winter wheat was grown under traditional, reduced and no-tillage systems. The analyses included estimations of microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration rate, activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. After eight years the effects of tillage on both soils were clearly noticed. In general, the less disturbing tillage systems enhanced the increase of soil biological activity by 15-40%, on average, than conventional tillage system. The significant correlations between microbial biomass, and/or enzyme activities with total organic C content indicate that concentration of organic C in soil environment plays an extremely important role in enhancing the stabilization and activity of soil microorganisms, and protection of an extracellular enzymes. The studied parameters of soil biological activity showed their sensitivity to tillage applied and may be considered as an useful indicators of soil quality in monitoring all conditions alter soil environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Peat and Vermicompost Cavitation Products on the Soil Biological Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Vilhelmine Steinberga ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Ina Alsina ◽  
Galina Gmizo ◽  
Solveiga Malecka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Commercial products with humic substances have often been recommended for plant growth stimulation and yield improvement. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of two products, containing cavited peat and vermicompost respectively on the soil biological activity. Vegetation experiments with garden cress and cucumbers were arranged in pots with a peat substratum in the greenhouses of the Latvia University of Agriculture. The plants were treated with the preparations once a month. The first treatment was done at sowing. Dose of 20, 2, 0.2 mL per m2 during each treatment time were used. A control variant was without peat or vermicompost preparation. Field experiments with onions were carried out in the organic farming experimental field of the Latvia State Institute of Cereal Breeding. Plant growth and soil (substratum) biological activity (respiration and enzymatic activity) were tested. Plant growth and response to the different preparations depended on the plant species and its development stage. The effect of preparations decreases during plant development. The impact of peat or vermicompost preparation on soil biological activity depended not only on the concentration of preparation, but was influenced by the soil or growth media type. The decrease of onion yield in field conditions as a result of preparations was observed.

scholarly journals Development of basic physiological groups of soil microflora at the using of Trichoderma and Gaupsin for growing cucumbers

2016 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
K.M. Balvas-Gremyakova ◽  
A.N. Tkalenko ◽  
L.M. Kotvitska ◽  
V.V. Boroday
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Different Levels

The results of microbiological studies of soil for growing cucumbers using biological preparation of Trichoderm and Gaupsin are showed. It was found that the using of biological products contributed to the formation of different levels of soil biological activity, it was reflected in the change of the growth of microorganisms of different ecological trophic groups, the increase in the processes of transformation of organic and inorganic compounds.

scholarly journals The effect of crop rotation on the soil biological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. А. Zamyatin ◽  
R. В. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Second Period

The current paper has presented the results of long-term experiments on the study of the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil by the application method in field crop rotations. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental plots of the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI FARC of the North-East in 1996–2020. The trials were laid down in 1996 and 1998. The trial was laid down in two factors. Factor A included such types of crop rotations as grain-grasses crop rotations (oats + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley as a control grain crop); the first rotation of crops (annual leguminous grasses, winter crops, barley, potatoes, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat); the second rotation of crops (vetch-oat mix[1]ture for grain, spring wheat, potatoes fertilized with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops); the third rotation of crops (barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, clover of 2 years of use, winter crops, pota[1]toes, oats). Factor B included application of mineral fertilizers: control grain crop (without fertilizers); N60P60K60. There has been established that the activity of soil microflora mainly depended on the presence of organic matter in the soil. The largest activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms against a natural background of fertility was identified in the second rotation of crops, with the introduction 23.9% of manure for potatoes in the first period (45 days) and 54.7% in the second period (90 days) of exposure. The slightest biological activity of the soil was identified in the grain-grasses crop rotation (with 83% of grain crops); it was 17.7% in the first 45 days and 43.4% in the second period of exposure. That was caused by the deficit of organic matter. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 under pre-sowing tillage significantly increased the soil biological activity in comparison to the unfertilized background, and a fairly high intensity of flax decomposition was observed in the second rotation of crops with 24.9% in 45 days and 56.8% in 90 days. Correlation analysis (1998-2019) between the mean flax decomposition under crops for the entire vegetation period and the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (HThC) showed a close direct correlation, which in the first and second periods of exposure was 0.87–0.90 and 0.86–0.89, respectively.

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