scholarly journals Avaliação do entendimento da prescrição por idosos atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mayara Becker Delwing ◽  
Daniela De Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Paula Engroff ◽  
Luísa Scheer Ely ◽  
Bruna Ferreira Máximo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University ◽  
Extension Center

Aims: This article aimed to evaluate the use of drugs and to correlate the understanding of the prescription with the elderly lipid profile and bloodpressure. Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study, which evaluated 97 records of the elderly outpatient from Single HealthSystem of the Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology (IGG) and the University Extension Center (UEC) Villa Fatima, Porto Alegre/RS from 2008 to 2009.Results: The results revealed that the lack of understanding might be related to the progression of age of the population. The prescription understanding ofthe patients attending the IGG was higher when compared to the elderly who attended the UEC (p<0.05). The parameters of blood pressure and dyslipidemiaare not directly correlated to the understanding of the prescription. Conclusions: Thus, it is necessary to work towardsfollowing of pharmacotherapyfrom elderly patients to improve therapy adhesion in this population.

scholarly journals Controle da Pressão Arterial em Pacientes Idosos de um Ambulatório de Atenção Primária à Saúde

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Renato Carvalho Alonso Rays ◽  
Honório Sampaio Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy ◽  
Elderly Control

Resumo: Hipertensão Arterial é definida como elevação da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica acima de 140/90mmHg, respectivamente. Estima-se que mais de 50% dos pacientes acima de 60 anos tenham hipertensão, o que deixa essa população sob risco aumentado de doenças em órgãos alvo como coração, rins e cérebro, aumentando também a morbimortalidade desta população. Diversos estudos comprovam que a terapia anti-hipertensiva reduz o risco e a morbimortalidade cardiovascular, cerebral e renal. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional, prospectivo, onde foram avaliadas as medidas da pressão arterial de 24 pacientes idosos do grupo de 70 pacientes hipertensos do ambulatório do Programa Saúde da Família da cidade de Mata, interior do RS. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e distribuição por freqüência, além do teste “t” de Student para comparação de médias, com nível de significância de 5% para análise dos dados. A pressão sistólica variou entre 120 e 180mmHg, a diastólica entre 60 e 100mmHg. Em 17 (70,83%) dos pacientes não houve associação da hipertensão com outra doença crônica, em quatro (16,22%) havia associado diabete melito tipo II e três (12,50%) tinham dislipidemia. Predominou o sexo feminino em 75% (18) dos pacientes estudados. A pressão sistólica estava acima de 140mmHg em 10 (41,67%) dos pacientes entre os quais havia quatro (16,67%) com a diastólica acima de 90mmHg. Dois quintos dos idosos, mesmo sob tratamento ambulatorial, não apresentava controle da hipertensão arterial adequado. Palavras-chave: Hipertensão. Idoso. Controle. Abstract: Hypertension is defined as an elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 140/90mmHg. More than 50% of patients over 60 years have hypertension, which increases the risk of cerebrovascular, kidney and heart diseases in this population. The anti-hypertensive therapy reduces risks according several studies. This cross sectional hypertension study of the elderly patients over 60 years old analyzed blood pressure in two opportunities separated by two days. Twenty-four patients had the blood pressure measured among 70 patients. Results: the systolic blood pressure were between 120-190mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure between 60-100mmHg. Eighteen (75%) were women, 17 (70.83%) does not have other chronic diseases, four (16.22%) had diabetes type II, three (12.50%) were dislipidemic. In ten (41.67%) patients the systolic blood pressure was over 140mmHg and four (16.67%) had the diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg. The hypertension was uncontrolled in two fifty of elderly patients. Keywords: Hypertension. Elderly. Control.

scholarly journals Efetividade de programa de apoio a terceira idade no controle da hipertensão arterial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Eduardo Expedito Valeriano Batista ◽  
Bruno Almeida Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Estudar o perfil do idoso portador de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) inserido em um Grupo de Apoio a Terceira Idade (GATI), sua adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e o controle dos níveis pressóricos. Estudo transversal, descritivo e comparativo em 72 idosos portadores de HAS divididos em dois grupos: participantes e não participantes de um GATI na cidade de Jequeri (MG). Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas através do questionário de adesão a medicamentos auto referido, aferição da pressão arterial e coleta de dados do prontuário. A maioria dos indivíduos era do sexo feminino, casados e praticavam atividades físicas regulares. Os participantes do GATI apresentaram maior escolaridade, maior adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da HAS, maior proporção de praticantes de atividades físicas, menor IMC e menor proporção de fumantes e melhores índices pressóricos. A implementação de GATI pode auxiliar no controle dos níveis pressóricos em pacientes portadores de HAS.Descritores: Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Idoso, Envelhecimento. Effectiveness of a support program for the elderly in the control of Systemic Arterial HypertensionAbstract: To study the profile of elderly patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) included in a support program for elderly people (SPEP) at Jequeri city (MG), as well as their drug treatment adherence and control of blood pressure levels. Cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study performed in 72 elderly patients with SAH divided into two groups: participants and non-participants of a SPEP. The data were collected by interviews through a self-reported adherence questionnaire, blood pressure measurement, as well as the collection of relevant information to the patient’s medical record. Most of the individuals were female, married, and engaged in regular physical activity. SPEP participants presented higher schooling, greater adherence to the medical treatment of hypertension, greater proportion of physical activity practitioners, lower BMI, a lower proportion of smokers and better blood pressure indexes. The implementation of SPEP can help control pressure levels in patients with SAH.Descriptors: Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Elderly, Senior group, Aging. Efectividad de programa de apoyo a la tercera edad en el control de la hipertensión arterialResumen: Estudar o perfil do idoso portador de Hipertensão Arterial Sistémica (HAS) inserido em um Grupo de Apoio a Terceira Idade (GATI), sua adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e o controle dos níveis pressóricos. Estudo transversal, descritivo e comparativo em 72 idosos portadores de HAS divididos em dois grupos: participantes e não participantes de um GATI na cidade de Jequeri (MG). Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas através do questionário de adesão a medicamentos auto referido, aferição da pressão arterial e coleta de dados do prontuário. A maioria dos indivíduos era do sexo feminino, casados e praticavam atividades físicas regulares. Os participantes do GATI apresentaram maior escolaridade, maior adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da HAS, maior proporção de praticantes de atividades físicas, menor IMC e menor proporção de fumantes e melhores índices pressóricos. A implementação de GATI podem auxiliar no controle dos níveis pressóricos em pacientes portadores de HAS.Descriptores: Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Idoso, Envelhecimento.

scholarly journals Family Support for Controlling Blood Pressure of Elderly Patients in Health Facilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Banjarmasin

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Gertrudis Tutpai ◽  
Ermeisi Er Unja ◽  
Florentina Nura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

At the time of writing, Covid19 cases were steadily increasing in Banjarmasin. Elderly people were afraid to go to the health facilities to control their blood pressure because they were afraid of catching this disease. However, checking blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension is extremely important, and in the absence of qualified medical staff their families need to take on the role. This research is to find the correlation between family support and controlling blood pressure of elderly patients in health facilities. This study was a quantitative research with cross sectional design that used documentation sheets and questionnaires about family support. Selected via purposive sampling, 50 people from families with hypertension were included in this study. The research period was May to July 2020. Data analysis used Chi Square test at

Abstract WMP57: Declining Blood Pressure is Associated with Subcortical Microinfarcts in Older Adults

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekala R Raman ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Scott A Przybelski ◽  
Timothy G Lesnick ◽  
Michelle M Mielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressures

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly population and microinfarcts are the most common vascular brain pathology identified in older adults at autopsy. We investigated the associations between systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured antemortem and the presence of microinfarcts at autopsy. Study subjects (n=302; age range=71-95) were participants in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging autopsy study, who had blood pressure measurements recorded during life. We investigated both cross-sectional systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements at the baseline visit and the change in blood pressure (slope). Presence and location (subcortical or cortical) of chronic microinfarcts was abstracted from the autopsy reports. Of the 302 study subjects, 47 (16%) had cerebral microinfarcts, and, of those, 18 (38%) had subcortical microinfarcts and 29 (62%) had only cortical microinfarcts. The baseline blood pressures were not different between subjects with no microinfarcts, subcortical microinfarcts, and only cortical microinfarcts. In a logistic regression model including time between last blood pressure measurement and death, a greater decline in systolic [OR= 1.06 (1.01, 1.11); p=0.02]) and greater decline in diastolic [OR= 1.11 (1.02, 1.20); p=0.01] blood pressures were predictors of the presence of subcortical microinfarcts at autopsy. However, these variables were not associated with the presence of cortical microinfarcts. In conclusion, microinfarcts are common in the older adult population, and most of them are located in the cortex. A greater decline in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and their association with subcortical microinfarcts, but not with cortical microinfarcts, may have implications for aggressive lowering of blood pressure in the elderly population.

HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY:OUR CURRENT TRENDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Rohit Arora ◽  
D.K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Optimal Target

Hypertension is a common disease in the elderly associated with signicant morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of this population, the optimal target of blood pressure (BP) control is still controversial. In this article, we conduct a literature review of trials published in English in the last 10 years which were specically designed to study the efcacy and safety of various BP targets in patients who are 70 years or older. Using these criteria, we found that the benets in the positive studies were demonstrated even with a minimal BPcontrol (systolic BP[SBP] <150 mmHg) and continued to be reported for a SBP<120 mmHg. On the other hand, keeping SBP<140 mmHg seemed to be safely achieved in elderly patients. Although the safety of lowering SBP to <120 mmHg is debated, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial study has shown no increased risk of falls, fractures, or kidney failure in elderly patients with SBP lower than this threshold. While the recent guidelines recommended to keep BP <130/80 mmHg in the elderly, more individualized approach should be considered to achieve this goal in order to avoid undesirable complications. Furthermore, further studies are required to evaluate BPtarget in very old patients or those with multiple comorbidities.

Two Types of Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Changes in Patients Over 60 Years of Age Who Need Artificial Femoral Head Replacement: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Ke ◽  
Yuting WANG ◽  
Xukeng GUO ◽  
Ronghua HUANG ◽  
Xiangdong ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Elder Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background:Artificial femoral head replacement is one of the most effective methods for treatment of severe diseases of femoral joint in the elderly. The ideal anesthetic effect is one of the key elements for the success of the operation because it brings fast recovery. However, the multiple comorbidities of the elder patients make them too weak to tolerate the hemodynamic changes after anesthesia. In this case, the most suitable anesthesia method for patients undergoing femoral head replacement surgery is of great significance.Objective:To compare the post-anesthetic hemodynamic changes between combined lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve block(CLPSB) and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia(CSEA) in elderly patients undergoing unilateral artificial femoral head replacement.Methods:We reviewed records of the patients who aged over 60 years old (age 62-103 years) and received unilateral artificial femoral head replacement between January 2015 and December 2020 in the first affiliated hospital of Shantou University Medical College. After adjustment according to the inclusion criteria, 477 patients were included and divided into CLPSB group (n=90) and CSEA group (n=387). The primary outcome was comparison of the hemodynamic changes after anesthesia, including the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). The second outcome was the comparison of the vasopressor used during the surgery.Results:We established three models to compare the two anesthesia methods on hemodynamic changes. Crude model included all variates for analysis, while model I adjusted age and gender. Model II adjusted other comorbidities in addition to model I. All three models exhibit that changes of MAP (∆MAP) after CSEA were higher than that after CLPSB(β= 6.88, 95% CI: 4.33 - 9.42, P < 0.0001), with significant difference, which indicated that CSEA causes higher fluctuation of MAP. Concurrently, the use of vasopressors increased by 137% (OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.24-4.53, P=0.0091) in the CSEA group, which is statistically significant. However, the changes of HR (∆HR) between the CLPSB and CSEA was not significant(β= 0.50, 95% CI: 1.62 - 2.62, P = 0.6427). Conclusions:Both CLPSB and CSEA are ideal anesthesia methods for patients receiving femoral head eplacement, though CLPSB is more suitable for elderly patients with advanced hemodynamic stability.

scholarly journals Elderly victims of falls seen by prehospital care: gender differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Campo Meschial ◽  
Dorotéia Fátima Pelissari de Paula Soares ◽  
Nelson Luiz Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Alice Milani Nespollo ◽  
Wesley Alexandre da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Type Of Injury

OBJECTIVE: To identify elderly who are victims of falls, according to gender, who received care from prehospital services of Maringá, Paraná. METHODS: A cross-sectional exploratory study carried out with 1,444 elderly patients who suffered falls in Maringá in the period from 2006 to 2008. Data were gathered from prehospital care services, typed and processed using the Epi Info 6.04d(r). The χ² test was used to compare the falls in relation to gender (significance level = 0.05). RESULTS: The number of falls according to gender presented similar percentages, 51.0% for males and 49.0% for females. Significant differences between genders were observed regarding age (p < 0.001), presence of alcohol breath (p < 0.001), type of fall (p < 0.001), place of fall (p < 0.001), treatment at hospital (p = 0.023), number of injuries (p = 0.014), type of injury (p < 0.001) and injury location (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show that falls happen differently among the elderly when considering gender. It highlights the importance of understanding these differences in detail and the circumstances in which the fall occurred, since this knowledge is key to plan preventive actions.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIET QUALITY IN THE CHILEAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2009-2010

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Dussaillant ◽  
G. Echeverría ◽  
L. Villarroel ◽  
C.B. Yu ◽  
A. Rigotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, food intake, and diet quality in elderly (≥65 years old) Chilean population. Design: Cross sectional analysis based on the last national health survey performed in the years 2009 and 2010 (ChNHS 2009-2010). Setting: Non-institutionalized individuals of 65 years or older were selected and visited at home. Participants: A subsample of 505 elderly adults from the ChNHS 2009-2010 who answered a food questionnaire and had appropriate information to diagnose metabolic syndrome following the ATPIII-NCEP guidelines. Measurements: Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to measure blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. A 5-item food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants of NHS 2009-2010. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Chilean adult population was 37.7%, increasing in frequency with advancing age. Among the elderly (≥65 years old), metabolic syndrome was found in 57.2% of the sample. Elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference were the most prevalent metabolic syndrome components among this group (88% and 80%, respectively). Low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, fish, and dairy was seen among the elderly, and no association was found between food intake nor diet quality and metabolic syndrome prevalence. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among the Chilean elderly population and its prevalence is not associated with food intake or diet quality in this age group.

scholarly journals Health Problems of Elderly Patients attending Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
SM Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Masuda Begum ◽  
Masud Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Health problems of elderly are an emerging health burden throughout the world. Bangladesh is currently undergoing a demographic transition and the proportion of the population of 60 years and older is increasing rapidly. Health care providers and policymakers are highly concerned with this burning issue. Objective: To know the disease pattern among the elderly patients in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 among 152 elderly patients above 60 years of age admitted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist following purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data was done by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 20.0). Results: Mean age of the elderly was 72.06±4.56 years with the range of 60-80 years and majority (90.8%) of the elderly was male. Out of total 152 elderly patients, by occupation majority (31.6%) were in the business group followed by 30.3% in the retired group and 9.2 % in the housewife group. Average monthly family income was BDT 17927.63±7360.75 with the range of BDT 6000-35000. With initial complaints elderly patients reported to doctors in private chamber (38.2%), private hospital (25.6%) and Govt hospital (5.9%). Among all of the elderly patients, majority (21.1%) had Diabetes Mellitus followed by Rheumatoid Arthritis (17.6%), Asthma (12.5%), Cataract (11.2%), ENT problem (6.6%), Malignancy (5.9%) and Benign Enlargement of Prostate 8(5.3%). Conclusion: The number of elderly people is expanding rapidly; it also presents multifaceted health problems and thus creates unique challenges for the national healthcareservices. Early identification of problem and ensuring the availability of health with economic and social support can have a control over the elderly health problems. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 8-12

scholarly journals Целевой уровень артериального давления при лечении артериальной гипертензии у пациентов пожилого возраста с хронической сердечной недостаточностью

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
M.S. CHERNIAEVA ◽  
O.D. OSTROUMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Target Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Increased Risk

Высокая распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) в популяции пожилых пациентов наряду с устойчивым ро- стом численности пожилого населения как в России, так и в западных странах все больше привлекает внимание врачей к проблеме, связан- ной с ведением данного заболевания. Известно, что ведущим фактором риска развития ХСН является повышенное артериальное давление (АД) и большинство пациентов с ХСН имеют в анамнезе артериальную гипертонию (АГ), поэтому лечение пациентов пожилого возраста c АГ и ХСН является одним из важных направлений в профилактике прогрессирования ХСН, снижения количества госпитализаций и смерт- ности. Лечение АГ у пожилых имеет свои особенности, связанные с функциональным статусом пациентов и их способностью переносить лечение. В европейских рекомендациях (2018) пересмотрены целевые цифры АД при лечении АГ у пожилых, однако данные по целевым цифрам АД для лечения АГ у пациентов с ХСН опираются лишь на исследования, проводившиеся у больных без ХСН. Данные об оптималь- ном целевом уровне у пациентов с АГ и ХСН представлены в единичных исследованиях. В настоящей статье проанализирована взаимосвязь уровня АД и сердечно-сосудистых событий и смертности отдельно для пациентов с АГ и сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка и с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка. Результаты многих исследований показывают, что более низкий уровень систолического АД (120 мм рт. ст.) и диастолического АД (80 мм рт. ст.) ассоциирован с развитием неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий, особенно у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью с низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка.The high prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) in the elderly patients, along with the steady growth of the elderly population, both in Russia and in Western countries, is increasingly attracting the attention of doctors to the problem associated with the management of this disease. It is known that the leading risk factor for CHF is high blood pressure (BP) and most patients with CHF have a history of hypertension (H), so the treatment of elderly patients with H and CHF is the major focus in the slowing CHF progression, reducing the heart failure hospitalisation and mortality. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly has some specific features associated with the functional status of patients and their ability to tolerate treatment. The European recommendations (2018) revised target blood pressure levels in the elderly patients, however, data on target blood pressure levels in patients with CHF are based only on studies conducted in patients without CHF, data on the optimal target blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension and CHF are presented in single studies. In this article we analyze the relationship between blood pressure levels and cardiovascular events and mortality separately for patients with hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and with preserved ejection fraction. Several studies show that lower systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (80 mm Hg) is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular events, especially in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

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