scholarly journals PERSONALITY AND ITS FORMATION IN ONTOGENESIS AND PHYLOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
Dmitriy E. Frolov ◽  
Alla N. Somkina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Extraterrestrial Origin ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and formation of personality in the process of ontogeny and phylogenies. Methods. This issue is still open. The answers to it fit within the framework of three main research paradigms: the evolutionary (labor) theory, the creationist (human created by God) and the theory of extraterrestrial origin of human (intelligent life is brought to our planet from outer space). Supporters of each approach advocate arguments in favor of their theories. Discussion and Results. The authors’ point of view is that a person is a system of spiritual, psychological and socio-spiritual properties of a person, which, genetically based on natural inclinations and properties, is individually formed and manifested in different types of activity and social relations. Ontologically the personality of the individual is formed in a modern society, approximately by 14 years. At the same time, he or she goes through the processes of socialization and acculturation. Phylogenetically, the personality arose in a primitive society. The distinctive features of the individual and the primitive and civilized societies are considered. It is stated that the alienation of the individual elements are preserved in modern society. Conclusion. Thus, summing up, we can state that the person first emerged in primitive society with the emergence and formation of social relations and ties, the primary carrier and agent of which was the personality of the primitive communal human.

Addressing the issue of violence in our society. The ten most important rules in the light of the study on “Society without violence”

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Marzanna Farnicka ◽  
Jonathan Chumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crime And Delinquency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over 40 Years

Over 40 years ago the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency published a document that contained current analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in both interpersonal and wider social relations. The combination of the individual and the social perspective gives a chance to criticise and rethink the guidelines suggested by the Committee from the point of view of such issues as community responsibility, individual rights and the current state in psychological and social care against violence. Special attention was paid to ten recommendations.

Neoteny and Social Cognition: A Neuroscientific Perspective on Embodiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Gallese
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evo Devo

The chapter will address the notion of embodiment from a neuroscientific perspective, by emphasizing the crucial role played by bodily relations and sociality on the evolution and development of distinctive features of human cognition. The neurophysiological level of description is here accounted for in terms of bodily-formatted representations and discussed by replying to criticisms recently raised against this notion. The neuroscientific approach here proposed is critically framed and discussed against the background of the Evo-Devo focus on a little explored feature of human beings in relation to social cognition: their neotenic character. Neoteny refers to the slowed or delayed physiological and/or somatic development of an individual. Such development is largely dependent on the quantity and quality of interpersonal relationships the individual is able to establish with her/his adult peers. It is proposed that human neoteny further supports the crucial role played by embodiment, here spelled out by adopting the explanatory framework of embodied simulation, in allowing humans to engage in social relations, and make sense of others’ behaviors.This approach can fruitfully be used to shed new light onto non propositional forms of communication and social understanding and onto distinctive human forms of meaning making, like the experience of man-made fictional worlds.

scholarly journals ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ТЕРМІНУ «ГОТОВНІСТЬ» ДО ШКІЛЬНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Олена Бєлова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Main Research ◽  
New School ◽  
Readiness To Learn ◽  
School Preparation ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the term “readiness” and to reveal the essence of related concepts: “readiness to study”, “readiness for school”, “preparation for school”, “school maturity”. The main research method is theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature. The analysis of the research materials proved that the term “readiness” has a single key position, namely – a directed action, the desire to do something. From the content of the problem of studying the concept of “readiness” arise different interpretations: from a medical point of view it is the state, tone, mobilization of all psychophysical systems; from pedagogical – positive attitude to activity, awareness of educational motive, needs; setting for a certain behavior; from the psychological – the focus on the implementation of a particular action in the presence of relevant knowledge, skills and abilities; formation of psychological properties, without which it is impossible to successfully master the activity. Also, it is determined that there is no single position on the concept of “readiness” of the child for school. There are different and common views on this issue. The concept of “readiness to learn” is considered from two positions: the influence of general qualities and patterns on the development of the individual as a whole; selection of components (functional, cognitive, emotional, motivational, personal and social) that indicate readiness for school. “Readiness for school” is determined by the degree of formation of physical, physiological and mental qualities of the child, is determined by a complex structural entity of the individual – his new qualities: his own position, the need for significance. “School preparation” is based on general and special training. Their interaction determines the components of readiness (mental, intellectual, emotional, volitional, social, personal, moral, physical) of a child of older preschool age to acquire new school knowledge, Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, 2020, № 7 (101) 156 skills and abilities and to gain new knowledge, skills and abilities at school. The “school maturity” of a preschooler is a psychophysiological aspect of organic maturation, namely the formation of the morphological-physiological and mental system (intellectual, emotional and socio-personal). In the future it is planned to consider the psychological and pedagogical components of the readiness of older preschool children for school

scholarly journals Ideological manifestations of Christian-legal traditions in the legal system

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
I. V. Mima
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Historical Heritage

The process of development of various directions of objective scientific analysis of problems of the theory of the state and law is investigated; the analysis of transformational processes of Christian-legal traditions in the legal system is carried out. The author argues that the Christian legal traditions are a unique religious and social value, because they embody the fundamental principles of civilized organization of religious relations in society, their regulatory requirements. Christian legal traditions generalize national law at the level of the legal space, reflect the unity of the legal system, which fixes the legal individuality and identity of the country, which affects the formation of the national idea. The author notes that in modern society, Christian legal traditions, Christian legal traditions appear as a legal category, a phenomenon of legal culture, an element of the legal system and a component of the succession of law, which captures generalized legal experience, legal memory, legal knowledge and legal ideas. passed down from generation to generation as acceptable ways of organizing society, models of formation of the legal system, order in law, hierarchy of values in law, etc. The point of view that Christian-legal traditions can be characterized from the standpoint of traditionalism and modernism is substantiated. Socio-historical heritage is a liability of past traditions and a basis for the formation of new traditions. In general, modern society is characterized by the action of real Christian legal traditions, which combines authentic and non-authentic Christian legal traditions and socio-historical heritage in ensuring the heredity of social development with its previous stages. Authenticity is determined by the preconditions for the formation of Christian legal traditions in society, arising from the laws of the stages of its development. Inauthentic Christian legal traditions are created artificially and act as declared social norms that have not yet confirmed their value nature in the course of social practice. They are most often observed in societies undergoing transformational periods of their existence, during which there is a need for new methods of regulating social relations and means of community unification. Such Christian legal traditions can be used to fill gaps in the mechanism of social and normative regulation of social relations by connecting the past with new conditions and needs. In addition, Christian-legal traditions occupy an important place in the socio-normative organization of modern society, and during the historical process of development of society the content of Christian-legal traditions was influenced by ideological, cultural and socio-economic deformations of society. Christian-legal traditions as religious-normative principles ensure the realization of Christian-legal ideals and values in religious relations, their indisputable status in public life. Keywords: legal system, Christian-legal traditions, legal heritage, traditionalism and modernism, legal culture, legal consciousness, authentic and non-authentic Christian-legal traditions.

scholarly journals Migration: sociocultural context of a study

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 15015
Author(s):  
Ivan Koshel ◽  
Marina Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to a consideration of a migration process as the one that is influencing formation of a modern society. Migration is a factor of modern cultural and social transformations. It is emphasized that migration processes are growing, covering various directions of a society activity. Migration processes are also qualitatively changing society structure and predetermines its directions of development. The necessity to study migration processes from the socio-cultural point of view was substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the motivational factors of migration. The cultural models of migration inherent to migrants on an individual level are presented as a hypothesis guiding sociological cognition in this aspect of scientific knowledge. These include “exodus”, “escape”, “emancipation”, “domination” and “return”. The models reflect sociocultural orientations and subjectively perceived migration objectives. The models consider a number of social attitudes and directions for self-realization of a migrant personality in a new system of social relations.

Concept and Essence of Conflict as a Social Phenomena

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
D. M. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Tensions ◽  
Structural Imbalance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Constituent Elements

The article considers the conflict from the point of view of a social phenomenon, as a result of which the main approaches to the study of this category were identified. According to one of them, the conflict is based on the opposition of certain interests, goals, aspirations of the individual. The second approach puts into conflict a contradiction, in connection with which it is the result of its aggravation and actualization. In the third approach, conflict is a type of structural imbalance and is characterized by the impossibility of a system or social relations remaining in the same form. Another approach at the heart of the conflict addresses social tensions of dual significance. The structure of the conflict itself (the object, the subjects of the conflict, etc.), as well as the content of its constituent elements, are studied in detail. Dismantled and disclosed the environment in which the conflict takes place. In general, the article is of an overview nature and can be useful as a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of conflict in various organizations, institutions, etc.

THE RISE OF PROFESSIONALISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
M. L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Special Competence ◽  
Better Than

The particular relation that professionalism bears to individualism and to the subjective illusion deserves to be noted. Their special competence empowers professionals and experts to act in situations where laymen feel incompetent or baffled. In fact, the assumption by the public that the expert is competent creates a sort of pragmatic compulsion for the expert: to certify his worth in the eyes of the laity, he must act. Deferentially requested to intervene by his clients, the expert practitioner is compelled to do something; from this point of view, anything is better than nothing. As Freidson remarks: "Indeed, so impressed is he by the perplexity of his clients and by his apparent capacity to deal with those perplexities, that the practitioner comes to consider himself an expert not only in the problems he is trained to deal with but in all human problems." Most particularly in the personal professions, the behavior of the expert asserts, ideologically, that a variety of ills—and, in particular, those that can most affect the person—have individual remedies. This reinforces the optimistic illusion of ideological individualism: personal problems of all kinds are purely private and admit, as such, individual and ad hoc solutions. In the predominant ideological way of addressing social issues and social relations experienced by individuals, therefore, structural causes, as well as collective action upon those causes, are relegated to a vaguely utopian realm. At the same time, the practitioner's "compulsion to act" reiterates to the layman that education confers superior powers upon the individual and superior mastery over physical and social environments.

scholarly journals Property as an economic category

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Yaroslav HROMOVYI
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Property is a multifaceted phenomenon, so that, even within one science, there is no general concept that would reflect its meaning. At the same time, we are of the opinion that the most important aspects of property for modern society are economic and legal, despite the fact that property, first of all, was considered as a philosophical category. In scientific sources, the commonality of features that characterize the property on the legal side (possession, use and disposal), is called the legal (legal) category, and economic (the desire to own goods (both tangible and intangible), the relationship between owners, owner and direct producer of goods (subject-subject relations)) - economic category. The purpose of the paper is to consider the essence of property as an economic category. Results. Analyzing the category of «property» from an economic point of view, we can identify its basic basis: the relationship of different owners with each other, as well as owners and direct producers of goods. In the «owner – owner» relationship, we observe the economic process of exchange of goods. At the same time, the owner-non-owner relationship is non-economic, so it is not the subject of economists' research. The relationship between different owners, as well as owners and direct producers of goods is the material basis of our society. Conclusion. Property as an economic category is characterized by: first, the result of the manifestation of the subject of his will - the desire to own the goods of the world; secondly, goods both material and non-material; third, the social relations and interrelationships of the owners among themselves, as well as the owners and direct producers of goods.

scholarly journals Performative education: is sociology required outside the humanities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Albina A. Beschasnaya ◽  
Andrei A. Beschasnyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

This article analyzes the importance of sociological education in the professional training of specialists outside the humanities from the point of view of “performative education”. The “performativity” of education is understood as the production of knowledge and educational activity and it becomes meaningful only in the situation of their demand and efficiency (J.-F. Liotard). The сurrent trends in the formation of the curricula of higher educational institutions by academic disciplines of a “performative” nature have been expressed in reducing the hours of general humanities, among which the sociology teaching has been minimized or completely eliminated. The material for the empirical stage of the research was the organizational and methodological documentation accompanying the educational process in a number of Russian universities. The authors performed a content analysis of the curriculum of higher education. The following methods of collecting information were used: analytical-synthetic, induction and deduction, content and comparative analyzes. The performativity of sociological knowledge and the study of sociology at the individual level is expressed in several aspects: 1) in the formation of the self-consciousness of the individual and the development of a professional integrated into social relations; 2) in the development of graduates’ ability to analyze and forecast social transformations; 3) in maintaining the value basis and civil law culture in society. The practical significance of the findings is expressed in strengthening the position of sociology as a science and academic discipline in the simulation of educational programs for professional training of university students.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL TOLERANCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Наталья Ростиславовна Скребнева ◽  
Изабелла Арташесовна Арутюнян
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
The Individual

В статье анализируется возможность применения современных педагогических технологий (на примере интегративного подхода) в процессе преподавания дисциплин студентам педагогических специальностей СПО в целях формирования педагогической толерантности. Рассмотрены понятия «толерантность», виды, формы, классификации толерантности, а также понятие «педагогическая толерантность» и его структурные компоненты. Выявлены противоречия в процессе формирования педагогической толерантности будущих педагогов на социально-педагогическом и научно-методическом уровнях. Сущность педагогической толерантности выражается в построении социальных отношений с участниками образовательного процесса на диалогической основе и на основе понимания, признания и принятия их отличительных особенностей. Для определения уровня сформированности педагогической толерантности будущих педагогов был предложен диагностический комплекс заданий. Формирование педагогической толерантности возможно на основе интегративного подхода. Отмечено, что в условиях организации учебной деятельности студентов педагогических специальностей СПО формирование педагогической толерантности личности возможно средствами искусства, через приобщение к сокровищам мировой культуры. The article analyzes the possibility of using modern pedagogical technologies (on the example of an integrative approach) in the process of teaching disciplines to students of pedagogical specialties of secondary vocational education in order to form pedagogical tolerance. The concepts of«tolerance», types, forms, classifications of tolerance, as well as the concept of «pedagogical tolerance» and its structural components are considered. Contradictions in the process of forming pedagogical tolerance of future teachers at the socio-pedagogical and scientific-methodological level are revealed. The essence of pedagogical tolerance is expressed in building social relations with the participants of the educational process on a dialogical basis and on the basis of understanding, recognition and acceptance of their distinctive features. To determine the level of formation of pedagogical tolerance of future teachers, a diagnostic set of tasks was proposed. The formation of pedagogical tolerance is possible on the basis of an integrative approach. It is noted that in the conditions of the organization of educational activities of students of pedagogical specialties of secondary vocational education, the formation of pedagogical tolerance of the individual is possible by means of art, through familiarization with the treasures of world culture.

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