scholarly journals FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATE RECORDS MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET PERIOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
State Records

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the formation of state records management in the Soviet era. Modernization of records management during this period is connected with the processes of creating and strengthening the Soviet state, namely, the state apparatus of government, the formation of which began after the victory of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. Modernization of the system of Soviet records management is directly dependent on the speed of modernization of the state administration of the USSR. From the level of development of records management and the development of the regulatory framework, the effectiveness of the work of the state apparatus and individual institutions depends on the formation of a documentary base on the history of society in the form of historical written sources. Materials and Methods. The author applied a historical analysis of the development and reform of the system of records management and workflow the Soviet period. The work was carried out on a significant number of both theoretical sources and the regulatory and methodological base of documentation support for administrative activities; this made it possible to consider the development of records management in the specified period. Results. The study showed that the system of records management, being secondary to the administrative apparatus, reflected not only the level of development of managerial and office culture, but also the modernizing system of government in the country. Discussion and Conclusion. In the process of modernizing the Soviet state records management, rules for drafting and executing documents were developed, rules for the rational management of records management were developed and introduced, the principles of unification, stencilling and standardization were implemented, and methodological support of records management was perfected. The author analyzes the main events in the process of formation and development of state records management and gives a description of the legislation on records management in the Soviet era, which is reflected in government decisions, legislative acts, regulations, etc. Keywords: document, records management in the Soviet period, unification, standardization, state records management, state apparatus

scholarly journals The form of state in the historical and legal research of the Soviet period

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
T. F. Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law

The subject of the article is the application of the concept of the form of state in the Soviet historical and legal science.The purpose of the research is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the understanding of the form of the state in the Soviet history of law was not discrete, it changed under the influence of political transformations and had a significant impact on the modern theory of the state.The methodology. The method of periodization was used to highlight the Soviet period of historical and legal science, the chronological method was used to determine the upper and lower boundaries of the Soviet period. The narrative method made it possible to describe the historiographic process. The historical-comparative method was required to compare individual concepts.Results, scope of application. The concept of the form of the state that was used in the historical and legal science of the Soviet period has been determined. The form of the state in Soviet science included two elements initially: the form of government and the form of statehood. The third element has been added since the 1960s – the political regime. The institutionalization of the history of state and law as a science took place by the end of the 1940s. While historians of the old school were working, the main topics included the early stages of the development of the state. Then after the change of generations the priority place was taken by the problems of the Soviet state. By the end of the Soviet period a more harmonious allocation of topics had developed. In Soviet historical and legal science the form of the state of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods was considered separately. The form of government of the Russian state in the pre-revolutionary period was defined as a monarchy. Several types of monarchy were distinguished: early feudal, estate-representative, absolute. The republican form of government was recognized for the Soviet state. Its class and social essence changed with the development of socialism. Organizational forms changed accordingly. When studying the polity, the main attention was paid to the federation. Its complex origin was noted, because the Russian Federation (RSFSR) was part of the federation of the USSR. The Soviet federations were built according to the nationalterritorial principle. The issue of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation remained debatable. Most researchers considered the RSFSR a state with autonomous entities. The development of the territory of the state as a whole has hardly been studied. Major administrative-territorial reforms carried out in the 1920s-1930s were considered in isolation from national-territorial construction. Generalized works on the territorial development of the state appeared only at the end of the Soviet period. Issues of the political regime of the feudal and bourgeois state were addressed in the study of direct democracy in the ancient Russian state, estate representative bodies, state power during the period of absolutism. Political liberalization was noted during the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The democratic nature of the Soviet political regime was not questioned, therefore, the problems indicating trouble, crisis phenomena in the Soviet state were not identified.Conclusions. The understanding of elements of form of the state in the Soviet history of law was expanding. It changed in accordance with the changes in the Soviet governance. The main approaches to understanding the form of the state are accepted by contemporary Russian science.

Soviet Specialist Baiting: The Case of N. A. Dobrosmyslov

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
High Salary ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continued Employment ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractFor many communists working in the Soviet state apparatus during the 1920s, the state's continued employment of so-called “bourgeois specialists” (spetsy) was an ideological affront and an obstacle to proletarian advancement. In their eyes, until the spetsy were removed and workers staffed the institutions of the state, the revolution would be neither secure nor its promises fulfilled. Based on archival research, this article traces rank-and-file communists' attempts to remove one such specialist, N. A. Dobrosmyslov, from his position in the Tax Department (Gosnalog) of the People's Commissariat of Finances (Narkomfin). Dobrosmyslov had been a long-time official in the tsarist tax bureaucracy and had also worked for the Provisional Government in 1917. Communist opposition to him took the form of a denunciation campaign that focused on his alleged anti-Sovietism, his professional competence, his arrogant manner, his high salary, and his attempt to obtain a large pension from the government. The documents related to the case reveal the atmosphere of suspicion and often open hostility that surrounded the spetsy. They provide evidence of the contrasting evaluations of the spetsy made by leading communist administrators and by the lower-level communists who worked closely with them. They also show how important the issue of material compensation was for this latter group. Finally, the case provides an example of how biography could be interpreted and manipulated to serve particular ends, especially in the context of political and personal denunciation.

scholarly journals The Work of the Central Statistical Committee in 1917-1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Cherepenina ◽  
A. L. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The activity of state statistics throughout the revolutionary period of 1917 is uncharted territory in the history of Russian statistics. Using documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the authors examined for the first time the last year of the Central Statistical Committee. Unlike other state structures of the previous government, it was not dissolved after the events of October 1917 and continued to operate after the Soviet government moved to Moscow. The article contains information on the first «Soviet» Head of the Central Statistical Committee of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs V.A. Algasov and outlines the work of Professor M.A. Sirinov, who was offered a position of the Head of the Central Statistical Committee by the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs G.I. Petrovsky. Archive records helped establish the fact that both the authorities of the Central Statistical Committee and some statisticians came up with an idea of founding a new statistical service based on the Central Statistical Committee and gubernia (provincial) statistics. The authors revealed the role of V.V. Stepanov in relocating the Library of the Central Statistical Committee to Moscow. The article describes the clash of opinions that preceded the establishment of the Soviet state statistics, to be specific the inauguration of the RSFSR Central Statistical Board, which was envisaged to be an independent body, not subordinate to any agency, to ensure the independence of the country’s statistical service. 

History of the State and Law of Russia. Volume 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Smykalin ◽  
Tat'yana Bazhenova ◽  
Natal'ya Zipunnikova ◽  
Vladimir Motrevich ◽  
Elena Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

The third part of the anthology contains materials reflecting the periods of formation of a limited monarchy in Russia and the further development of the legal system; the formation and development of the Soviet state and law in the XX century. The documents are arranged in chronological order.

MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY: ESSENTIAL ASPECT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Marukhlenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Active Regulation ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article deals with theoretical questions about the mechanism of state regulation of the economy. The content of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy is revealed on the basis of studying the mechanism of state administration, the etymology of the word "mechanism", taking into account the essence of state regulation of the economy. The issue of improving the mechanism of state regulation of processes related to the country's economy has been resolved, which is impossible without researching the theoretical foundations of this mechanism, determining the appropriate categories of state regulation of the economy. In an unstable economic environment, a special place is occupied by the "mechanism of state regulation of the economy." Without defining its essence, it is impossible to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the entire system of state regulation of the economy. This fact is confirmed by the processes aimed at the development of the economic system, which necessitates active regulation by the state. That is, without perfect mechanisms of state regulation of the economy, it is impossible to purposeful, coordinated and rational management of social and economic processes in the country, an appropriate level of organizational and managerial influence on the development of all spheres of state life, sustainable support for the actions of state authorities from various segments of the population.

East End of “Silk Road”—“Shoso-in” of Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhong ◽  
Yu Mei Cui ◽  
Dan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
The State ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
East End ◽  
Cultural Relics

“Shoso-in” is located behind the Hall of Great Buddha of Todaiji Temple in Nara city of Japan and it is known to the world with its storage of cultural relics of successive dynasties, most of which are valuables handed down from Japan’s royalty, nobility and Buddhist assembly in Nara and Heian periods of Japan. At that time, Japan's central government, princedoms, regional governments, including many large monasteries, had the establishment of “official warehouse”, which served as the main storehouse for storing rice expropriated by the state as well as silk, iron products and other property and the various storerooms were divided into different blocks to form “Shoso-in”. Today, only the Shoso-in of Todaiji Temple stands the test of the long history and others have disappeared. Since the 8th year of Meiji Period, Shoso-in broke away from Todaiji Temple and is under state administration and Japan government ordered to permanently conserve the “treasures” inside. Since then, Japan Shoso-in become an authentic independent “museum”. Shoso-in in Japan is greatly favored by the world, firstly because that it boasts a history of more than 1200 years and is blessed with a great variety of collections, most of which are donated by royalties; secondly because that since the 30th year of Showa when Shoso-in in Japan is relocated from old treasure-house to the newly-structured treasure-house, the cultural relics are better protected. According to the literatures, the collections conserved in Shoso-in almost stand intact and this is rare in the history of world conservation, facilitating the investigation and repair work of researchers.

scholarly journals The Institution of Recusal of Judges in Civil Proceedings: Historical Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-112
Author(s):  
Maxim E. Poskrebnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civil Laws ◽  
Correct Understanding

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the history of the development of the institution of recusal in civil proceedings. A number of separate norms of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are devoted to the institution of recusal of a judge in civil proceedings. A correct understanding of these norms is possible with the help of their historical analysis. The study of the historical aspect of the institution of recusal of a judge in civil proceedings can be useful in developing new legislative initiatives on this issue, and can also contribute to the removal of controversial issues in this area. Theoretical Basis. Methods. A number of historical periods in the development of judicial recusal were studied: the period from the Council Code of 1649 in Russia to the Code of Civil Laws of 1832 in Russia, the period of the Charter of Civil Proceedings of 1864, the Soviet period, and the modern period. Special attention is paid to the Russian pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods of development of the institution of judicial recusal in civil proceedings. This approach is due to the fact that in these periods of development of the Institute, the rules of withdrawal are most similar to the modern rules of withdrawal. The study uses the historical method, as well as the method of analysis and comparison. Results. The results of the study are: familiarise the reader with the history of recusal in civil proceedings; a comparative analysis of the development of the Institute in different periods of history, the formation on this basis conclusions about the Genesis of the withdrawal; identify trends in the development of the institution of disqualification and the proposals on the prospects of its reforming. Discussion and Conclusion. The modern recusal is a receiver of the Soviet recusal, so it has all the main distinctive features of the Soviet recusal indicated in this article. Recent changes of the recusal can be grouped as follows. First, these are changes related to the judicial reform. These changes are detailed in the article. Secondly, the change of the recusal, which is a consequence of allowing the recognition of the judge as suspicious at any time of the trial, as well as the lack of responsibility for unscrupulous applicants of the recusal. The first group of changes is the result of judicial reform in general. The second change is an attempt by the modern legislator to correct an error in the rules of Soviet recusal, in which the recusal of a suspicious judge was allowed without a time limit.

scholarly journals Alternatif Untuk Meminimalisasi terhadap Pelanggaran HAM dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Ryan Aditama
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of

Related to the general provisions of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, which states that the beginnings of the history of the Indonesian nation to date have recorded various problems including: suffering, misery and social inequality, resulting from unjust and discriminatory acts and actions on ethnic, racial, cultural understanding, language, color, skin, and religion, as well as class, gender, and even social status and others. These unjust and discriminatory acts are included in violations of human rights, both vertically "carried out by the state apparatus itself to citizens or even vice versa" or those that are horizontal "ie between citizens themselves" and do not allow those included in the category for gross violations of the conception of human rights (grossviolation of human rights). This alternative to minimize human rights violations in criminal law enforcement is an effective way to reduce the number of human rights violations in Indonesia.

scholarly journals ІСТОРИКО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНЕ КІНО ЯК ФЕНОМЕН ПЕРІОДУ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
О. І. Орлов
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutic ◽  
National School ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
History Of

This article offers a survey of the historical-cognitive cinema in Ukrainian cinematography during the independence period. The author focuses on both thematic diversity of films, and philosophical, hermeneutic, psychoanalytic possibilities and demand of their thorough study. Indicated that, chronicle-documentary and popular science films of Ukraine during the independence period inherent mapping of historical development of the state and the Ukrainian people, social problems, and understanding the legal framework of Ukrainians. The article deals with the features of cinematography among other means of mass communication in the context of its influence on the mass consciousness. The tendencies of Ukrainian cinema as a distinctive genre in the field of directorial and acting art are analyzed. The process of formation of the national school of cinema during the Independence period is shown, and its activity with the work of directors of the previous Soviet period in the history of Ukrainian cinema art is compared. The contribution of Ukrainian actors of the theater and cinema, artists, scriptwriters and directors to the development of massive cinema playing during the independence period. As an example of the development of Ukrainian cinema, the trends of the historical – cognitive cinema during the Independence period were analyzed, on the basis of which the features of the country's exhibit in elite circles were determined.

scholarly journals The History of the Aginsk Steppe Duma in the Documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatiya (1839-1904) Has Been Published

2020 ◽  
pp. 950-959
Author(s):  
Victor N. Kazarin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The review of an anthology on the history of the Aginsk Steppe Duma published by drs. B.V. Bazarov, B.T. Zhalsanova, L.V.Kuras notes that hundreds the new archival documents offer a holistic view on the governmental politics concerning one of large ingenious peoples of East Russia. The composers have identified and presented documents reflecting various aspects of local self-government of the Aginsk Duma created on the basis of M.M. Speransky’s Statute on the Inorodtsy of 1822. The review contains a brief characteristic of the archival documents corpus systematized in volumes and argues their information value. The documents contain data on the officials of the Duma, personnel structure in dynamics from its foundation to its termination. The edition offers an array of documents on tax policy pertaining to indigenous population, public censures, correspondence on administrative and land disputes at the turn of the 19th century. Authors-composers have published family lists of the Aginsk buryats. The review underscores the information value of the commentary included in all volumes of the edition, the nominal indexes numbering hundreds of surnames. The illustrative component of this three-volume edition is also emphasized: there are rare photos of officials of the Aginsk department, meetings of tsesarevitch Nikolai Aleksandrovich in Transbaikalia in 1892, deputy of the State Duma, descendants of families from the Transbaikal steppes in the Soviet period. The review emphasizes the importance of such edition for studying governmental policies concerning ingenious peoples, balance of government and local self- government, social and economic and cultural development of East regions in the Imperial period. Materials of the three-volume edition open numerous unpublished documents to researchers. The review notes its value for historians, local historians, archivists, museums employees, and those researching their family tree.

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