scholarly journals Utilización de aceite quemado y paraquat en la desecación de soya y sus efectos en la calidad de la semilla durante el almacenamiento

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
R. Ibañez

The assay was conducted in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil, to compare the effect of used engine oil with to paraquat (Gramoxone) applied during the physiological maturition of soybean seeds (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill), Bragg variety. The oil doses were 5.3, 8.5 and 12 l/ha. The desiccation intensity was determined and 30 pods per plot were periodically collected to follow the humidity content of the seeds, to 18%. The humidity was later reduced to 10.5 +0.5 and 2.0 kg of seeds were stored, in cotton bags,during 6 months under the environmental conditions at the Centro de Entrenamiento de Semillas of the Federal University of Pelotas. The seeds were subjected to germination, vigor and phytosanitary tests at harvest time and after 3 and 6 months of storage. Under the conditions of this trial, the doses of 12 l/ha of oil and 2 l/ha of paraquat: a) act as desiccants for soybean plants, b) favors the production of seeds with better viability and vigor after 6 months of storage and c) guarantied better sanitary seed quality after 6 months of storage.

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro T. B. Silva ◽  
Nelson Neto ◽  
Clara B. Hoffmann-Campo

Soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill] commercial fields, maintained under a no-till system, were sampled during the crop seasons 1990/91 and 1996/97, in Cruz Alta and Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul State, to determine the distribution of eggs, larvae and adults of Sternechus subsignatus Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Soybean plants and soil were examined at different time schedules. Eggs and larvae were recorded in main stems, lateral branches and leaf petioles, divided into the upper third, medium and lower third of soybean plants. Eggs (87%), and larvae (79%) were mainly observed in the main stem and in the medium plant sections (87% and 78%, respectively). Larval movement was not observed because larvae remained inside the galls, in the same area where the eggs were laid. Adults were located in different places depending on the sampling time. At night, adults were observed to move to the upper third of the plant and, during the day, down to the lower third of the plant and to the soil. The insects are normally concealed during their pre- and post- embryonic stage throughout most of the day.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
C. R. Bork ◽  
A. S. Almeida ◽  
C. S. Castellano ◽  
G. Zimmer ◽  
T. D. Avila ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to analyze soybean seed physiological quality after being subjected to various mixtures of pesticides via industrial seed treatment. The experiment was performed at the seed laboratory of the company BioGrow, located at São Paulo-SP, using soybean seeds cultivar NS 6700 IPRO which were subjected to 11 different treatments. Seed treatment was carried out using a treater Momesso, model L5-K, calibrated to apply a spray volume of 0.5 L 100 kg-1 of seeds in which the volume of each treatment was adjusted using distilled water. After treatment, seeds were spread over plastic strays for drying for a period of 24 hours under environmental conditions. Once dry, seeds were packed in paper bags and stored for 0 (control), 45, 90, 135 and 180 days, under uncontrolled conditions of temperature and relative humidity, when seed physiological quality was evaluated using the following tests: germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index and speed of emergence. Soybean industrial seed treatment before storage for up to 180 days is practicable using the mixtures of pesticides tested for storing seeds under environmental conditions. All treatments tested contribute to the maintenance of seed quality throughout storage.


Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Maria Leticia M. Zaccaro ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Chad B. Brabham

AbstractThe dicamba-resistant cropping system was developed to be used as a tool to control multiple-resistant weed species, particularly Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). However, dicamba applications have resulted in off-target movement of the herbicide to susceptible neighboring vegetation, with frequent damage to non–dicamba resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Pod malformation and subsequent auxin-like injury to progeny is common when parent soybean plants are exposed to the herbicide post-flowering. Yet no publication to date has conveyed the presence of dicamba in seed. The objective of this study was to determine whether dicamba exists and at what quantities inside soybean seed following a low-dose exposure in the pod-filling stage using radiolabeled herbicide as a tracer. Non–dicamba resistant soybean plants were grown in the greenhouse until the pod-filling growth stage and then treated with 2.8 g ae ha−1 of dicamba (1/200 of the recommended rate of 560 g ae ha−1). Immediately afterward, [14C]dicamba (approximately 6.4 kBq per plant) was applied to the adaxial surface of one trifoliate leaf located in the midportion of each plant. The greatest amount of [14C]dicamba recovered was in seeds and in pods, and these plant parts accumulated 44% and 38% of the total absorbed, respectively. Chromatography results showed that the totality of the [14C]dicamba present in the soybean seeds was in the phytotoxic form, except for a single sample, in which one metabolite was detected (possibly 5-hydroxy dicamba). Precautions should be taken to avoid dicamba exposure to sensitive soybean fields, especially those dedicated to seed production, as this may result in low seed quality and symptomology on progeny plants.


2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Morais Soares ◽  
Glauter Lima Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Emídio Soriano ◽  
Marcelo Coelho Sekita ◽  
Tuneo Sediyama

The high quality seed is an input with invaluable for obtaining soybean crops with higher yields; for it reflects the results of high investments in research of modern technologies, which will be converted into high productivity levels. Thus, the aim of this study was assessing performance of soybean seeds, sorted by size, and grown in soils with different phosphorus levels. To this, seeds of two soybean cultivars (MSoy 9144RR and MSoy 8527RR) were sorted with aid of circular screens with perforations of 5.5 mm and 7.5 mm in diameter. Sowing was carried out into plastic pots, with 3.0 dm³ substrate capacity each, containing a Red-Yellow Oxisol, fertilized with increasing phosphorus dosages (50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg. Kg-1), and performed under greenhouse environmental conditions. Seed size did not significantly influence the values obtained to the variables analyzed; however, to the larger seeds there was a trend of increase on these values. There was also a trend of increase on these values to all variables assessed when the dosages of phosphorus in the soil were increased.


2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO NAIME ◽  
ROSÂNGELA SCHUCH FAGUNDES

This work presents the environment attendance of Portão River, a river of the hydrographic basin of Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The improvement of environmental conditions demands a diagnostic of the actual situation. By this way, it is possible to propose mitigation, compensation and promotion of better quality of life for the populations. Chemical parameters of water were observed during three months, in order to evaluate the environmental conditions, and to promote environmental improvement for this region, in the context of physical, biological and economic conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Daltro Nunes Garcia Junior ◽  
Matheus Rakes ◽  
Juliano De Bastos Pazini ◽  
Rafael Antonio Pasini ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia ◽  
...  

The growth of humankind has brought with it several environmental problems that have worsened over time, including the loss of insect biodiversity. The Odonata order have been indicated by several authors as relevant bioindicators for assessing and monitoring environmental conditions of specific locations. The main objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of the Odonata diversity in the Pampa Biome, of the Southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The species survey was conducted between November 2014 and October 2015. Adult insects were collected in Capão do Leão, Pelotas and Rio Grande cities. Each location was visited nine times, totalizing 54 samplings. Entomological nets were used for capturing adult insects, which were then kept in entomological envelopes. The identification of the specimens was carried out with taxonomic keys of Lencioni and Heckman. In addition, Chao-1, the Shannon-Wiener and Jackknife indexes were associated with the sampling areas. During the species survey a total of 2 680 Odonata specimens were collected, representing 45 species encompassed in 22 genera and six families. The Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae families were registered in 60 and 30 % of the specimens sampled, followed of the Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae, Gomphidae and Lestidae, of reduced occurrence. The genera Erythrodiplax, Micrathyria and Ischnura were found at least once in all the visited sites. The study resulted in the registration for the first time of the following species: Progomphus complicatus Selys, Lestes minutus Selys, Homeoura ambigua Ris, and Tauriphila xiphea Ris. These species were not previously reported in any Odonata study of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. In regard to Odonata diversity in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae are the families more abundants. Erythrodiplax and Micrathyria are the most common genera. Miathyria marcella represented 9.6 % of all collected libellulidae and was the most abundant specie. Capão do Leão has the largest species diversity (wealth), the largest number of collected specimens and more diversity than Pelotas and Rio Grande. However, the results showed that the Odonatofauna in the State are still little known, and new studies are needed to better describe this group in other regions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Huth ◽  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Caren Alessandra Müller ◽  
Cariane Pedroso da Rosa ◽  
Fabrício Fuzzer de Andrade ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to carry out a survey, through the levels of physical purity, percentage of pure seeds, number of other seeds, and the physiological quality through germination, in the samples of ryegrass seeds analyzed in laboratories accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply in Rio Grande do Sul. Data from 3959 ryegrass samples analyzed from the period 2014 to 2017 were compiled. Quality of the seeds was presented through the percentage of samples within the standards recommended for commercialization, for the variables germination, pure seeds, seeds of cultivated species, wild, noxious, tolerated and noxiously forbidden, in all factors, cultivar, region of origin, category and crop of seed production. Quality of the lots of ryegrass seeds, analyzed by the laboratories of Rio Grande do Sul, obtained in the harvest of 2013 the lowest percentage of lots approved for commercialization, 57.96%, and the harvest of 2014, 2015 and 2016 with 89.60% 91.39% and 91.34%, respectively. In regions where livestock predominates, the percentage of ryegrass seed lots approved for commercialization was lower.


Hoehnea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Alves-da-Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo ◽  
Karina Federle Consoni ◽  
Lusiane Soares da Silva ◽  
Camila de Leon Lousada Borges

As part of an Euglenophyte's survey carried out during 2002-2006 at three different sites of Bom Jardim Creek, 13 Lepocinclis taxa were identified at species and infraspecific level. Bom Jardim Creek is a right side affluent of Caí River, Municipality of Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, and has its almost entire 10.5 km length within the Southern Petrochemical Pole area. Local climate is subtropical. Samplings were carried out monthly both for biological and abiotic analyses. Among the taxa identified, Lepocinclis fusiformis (Carter) Lemmermann emend. Conrad, L. ovum (Ehrenberg) Lemmermann var. dimidio-minor Deflandre and Lepocinclis salina Fritsch var. salina were the broadest geographically distributed ones in the creek during all five years, due to their standing to a wide range of environmental conditions. Seasonal species richness variation was observed in all creek sampling sites, summer being significantly different from all other climatic seasons of the year.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Maria De Oliveira ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck1 ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia ◽  
Marcos Botton

The State of Rio Grande do Sul is a major producer of grapes in Brazil, highlighting the Serra Gaúcha as the main producing region. In the pursuit of good quality in grapes it is essential the control of pests, especially insects. This study highlights the incidence of wasps, which cause serious damage at harvest time. This study aimed to characterize the community of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) through faunal analysis and to examine the relationship of these insects with injuries to the grape berries in vineyards of Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul State. Therefore, active search were made in January and February 2014, followed by analysis of frequency, constancy, abundance, dominance and diversity. Ten species of wasps were able to use grape berries as food. The two dominant species were Polybia ignobilis and P. minarum, however, Synoeca cyanea has greater ability to break the intact berries. Other three species, Polistes cavapytiformis, P. versicolor and Brachygastra lecheguana, were also able to break the skin of grapes, but of damaged berries.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Patrícia De Oliveira Neves ◽  
André Carlos Cruz Copetti ◽  
Gabriel Martini Lemos ◽  
Luís Henrique De Araújo Gouvêa ◽  
Francisco De Marques De Figueiredo ◽  
...  

A presença de áreas arborizadas reflete em benefícios tanto de caráter ecológico, quanto funcional e psicológico, pois as árvores urbanas oferecem alimentos para a avifauna, controle da poluição do ar e de ruídos, além de tranquilidade, harmonia e paz. O trabalho relata as ações do projeto de extensão “Onde há verde, há vida!”, cujo objetivo principal consiste em contribuir na melhoria das condições socioambientais do município de São Gabriel (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), através da produção e plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas da flora brasileira, em parceria com a comunidade gabrielense. Está sendo desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, desde 2014, com a colaboração de servidores e discentes da instituição. Em 27 meses, foram produzidas 539 mudas, das quais, 202 já foram plantadas no município, incluindo propriedades particulares, área militar e instituições de ensino. No município, a iniciativa é relevante no sentido de promover o plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas da flora local ou regional, além de dar início à arborização do campus universitário. No ambiente escolar, o plantio e o acompanhamento do crescimento das mudas pelas crianças, dará suporte para ações teórico-práticas sobre educação ambiental, importantes para a formação de cidadãos comprometidos com a preservação do meio ambiente. Em 2017, o projeto seguirá, com a firmação de novas parcerias, incluindo instituições de outros municípios. Palavras-chave: Áreas Verdes, Biodiversidade, Extensão Universitária   Native tree species planting: an alternative for improving socio-environmental conditions of the municipality of São Gabriel, Brazil Abstract: The presence of green areas brings ecological, functional and psychological benefits, because the urban trees offer food for birds, control air pollution and noise, as well as reflect tranquility, harmony, and peace. This article reports the actions from the university extension project "Where there is green, there is life!" which main objective is to improve socio-environmental conditions of São Gabriel city (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), through the production and planting of native tree seedlings from Brazilian flora, in partnership with São Gabriel’s community. This work is being developed, since 2014, at the Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, with the collaboration of employees and students. In 27 months, 539 seedlings were produced, of which 202 have already been planted in the city, including private properties, military area, and educational institutions. The project is a relevant initiative to the city, in order to promote the planting of native tree species from local or regional flora, in addition, it promotes the university campus arborization. In the school environment, the planting and monitoring of seedlings growth by children support theoretical and practical actions on environmental education, which is very important to the development of citizens committed to the environment preservation. In 2017, the project will continue, with new partnerships, including institutions from other cities. Keywords: Green Areas, Biodiversity, University Extension   Plantaciones de especies arbóreas nativas: una alternativa para la mejoría de las condiciones socio ambientales del municipio de São Gabriel, Brasil    Resumen: La presencia de zonas arborizadas refleja en beneficios tanto de carácter ecológico como funcional y psicológico, ya que los árboles urbanos ofrecen alimentos para la avifauna, control de la polución del aire y de ruidos, así como la tranquilidad, armonía y paz. El trabajo describe las acciones del proyecto de extensión “¡Donde hay verde, hay vida!”, cuyo objetivo principal consiste en contribuir con la mejoría de las condiciones socio ambientales del municipio de São Gabriel (estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), a través de la producción y plantío de plantones arbóreos nativos de la flora brasileña, en cooperación  con la comunidad de São Gabriel. Está siendo desarrollado en la Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, desde 2014, con la colaboración de servidores y estudiantes de la institución. En 27 meses, se produjeron 539 plantones, de los cuales, 202 ya han sido plantados en el municipio, incluyendo propiedades privadas, área militar y las instituciones educativas. En la ciudad, la iniciativa es relevante en el sentido de promover la plantación de especies nativas de la flora local o regional, además de iniciar el proceso de arborización del campus universitario. En el entorno escolar, la plantación y el mantenimiento del crecimiento de los plantones por los niños, apoyarán las acciones teórico-prácticas sobre educación ambiental, importantes para la formación de ciudadanos comprometidos con la preservación del medio ambiente. En 2017, el proyecto va a seguir, con la adhesión de nuevas asociaciones, incluyendo instituciones de otros municipios. Palabras-clave: Zonas Verdes, Biodiversidad, Extensión Universitaria


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