scholarly journals Color Change of Different Dual-Cure Resin Cements After Thermocycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Ayşe Atay DDS, PhD ◽  
Zülal Palazli DDS ◽  
Işıl Gürdal DDS ◽  
Aslıhan Üşümez DDS, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the color change of the amine-free dual-cure resin cements. IPS e.max CAD blocs were cut into specimens of 1 mm thickness (N=28) and cemented with one of the 4 different amine-free dual-cure resin cements (NX3 Nexus [NX], Kerr Dental; Variolink Esthetic DC [VE], Ivoclar Vivadent; Panavia V5 [PV], Kuraray Dental; G-CEM Linkforce [GC], GC Corporation) (n=7). A spectrophotometer was used for color measurements. Specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5°C and 55°C; 5000 and 10000 cycles). Normality of data distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05. ∆E values were significantly influenced by the resin cements and the cycle periods (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between NX and VE groups after 5000 thermocycling, however after 10000 thermocycling VE group showed higher ∆E1 values than NX group (p>0.05).  There were no statistically significant differences between the ∆E0 and ∆E1 values of the GC group, however the other groups were affected after 10000 thermocycling (p>0.05). Amine-free resin cements used for cementation showed color change after thermocycling except GC group. All resin cements were showed clinically acceptable color change after thermocycling (∆E < 3.5).

scholarly journals A Quantitative Study on Statistical Associations between Extroversion-Introversion Personality Traits and Anxiety in Different Stages of Lockdown during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Podchara Soemphornwiwat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Given

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused several changes in the human state of mind, in particular adapting to the culture of the new normal while lockdown measures are implemented. This study explored the effect of the lockdown measure on the level of anxiety of high school students, comparing those identified as introverts and extroverts. Participants (N = 103) filled out the given survey, which determined that they were both introverts or extroverts and the level of anxiety that they had before, during, and after the lockdown caused by the pandemic. According to statistical analysis, the result showed that the level of anxiety perceived by those feeling the sense of extroversion was statistically higher than those with introversion, at the significance level of 95%. In addition, the analysis revealed that there was no correlation between extroverts and anxiety before, during, and after the lockdown measures. On the other hand, there were statistical correlations between the level of introversion and the level of anxiety in every stage of lockdown: before, during and after, indicating that the lockdowns due to the global pandemic did not affect extroverted people anxiety as much as it affected introverts. Moreover, it also showed that the level of anxiety of the introverts has become even more intensified even after the lockdown.

Methodology and Application of the Kruskal-Wallis Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 611 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ostertagová ◽  
Oskar Ostertag ◽  
Jozef Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Application Data ◽  
The One

This paper describes the methodology and application of the very popular nonparametric test which is a rank based test named as Kruskal-Wallis. This test is useful as a general nonparametric test for comparing more than two independent samples. It can be used to test whether such samples come from the same distribution. This test is powerful alternative to the one-way analysis of variance. Nonparametric ANOVA has no assumption of normality of random error but the independence of random error is required. If the Kruskal-Wallis statistic is significant, the nonparametric multiple comparison tests are useful methods for further analysis. The statistical analysis of the application data in this paper was performed with software MATLAB.

scholarly journals Discriminação de Cenários Pluviométricos do Estado da Paraíba Utilizando Distribuição Gama Incompleta e Teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 047
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Megna Francisco ◽  
Valneli Da Silva Mello ◽  
Maria Marle Bandeira ◽  
Fabrício Lopes de Macedo ◽  
Djail Santos
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Probability Of Precipitation ◽  
Smirnov Test

A incorporação de cenários pluviométricos a estudos de aptidão agrícola é desejável, pois possibilita torná-los ajustados e adequados à variabilidade natural das precipitações e às expectativas pluviométricas dos modelos numéricos de previsão climatológica em uso no Brasil. Devido à importância de conhecer a distribuição das chuvas de uma determinada região, objetiva-se por este trabalho determinar cenários pluviométricos do Estado da Paraíba utilizando o modelo probabilístico distribuição Gama incompleta e o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Utilizaram-se os totais mensais de precipitações que possuem vinte ou mais anos de observações. Para cada posto pluviométrico, foi estabelecido o total de precipitação pluviométrica registrado nos três meses consecutivos mais chuvosos de cada ano hidrológico completo. Os conjuntos dos anos secos, regulares e chuvosos de cada posto foram utilizados para obter as correspondentes médias mensais dos totais pluviométricos, necessárias para caracterizar os cenários. Para a determinação dos níveis de 25, 50 e 75% de probabilidade de precipitação foi realizado com auxílio do modelo probabilístico de distribuição Gama incompleta e o ajuste das distribuições de foram avaliados pelo teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov a 95% de significância. Para o mapeamento foi utilizado a Krigeagem. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do modelo probabilístico distribuição Gama incompleta e do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov responderam bem aos dados trabalhados apresentando boa coerência; com o uso do método geoestatístico de interpolação de dados pela Krigeagem foi possível mapear os resultados apresentando bons resultados na espacialização dos cenários pluviométricos; os cenários seco, regular e chuvoso apresentaram padrões de valores maiores de probabilidade de ocorrência de chuvas na região do Litoral, Agreste e Brejo, e menores valores na região do Cariri/Curimataú, voltando a aumentar na região do Sertão e Alto Sertão do Estado da Paraíba.  A B S T R A C T The incorporation of rainfall scenarios of agricultural aptitude studies is desirable because it allows make them adjusted and appropriate to the natural variability of rainfall and rainfall expectations of numerical models of climatological forecast in use in Brazil. Due to the importance of knowing the distribution of rainfall in a given region, the objective is for this work to determine rainfall scenarios of the State of Paraíba using the probabilistic model incomplete distribution range and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. They used the monthly totals of precipitation that have twenty or more years of observations. For each rainfall station, it was established the total rainfall recorded in three consecutive months rainiest of each full hydrological year. The sets of dry, regular and rainy years each station were used to obtain the corresponding monthly average of total rainfall, needed to characterize the scenarios. To determine the levels of 25, 50 and 75% probability of precipitation was carried out with the help of probabilistic distribution model incomplete range and adjusting the distributions were evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 95% significance level. For mapping was used to Kriging. The results showed that the use of probabilistic model incomplete distribution range and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test responded well to raw data showing good consistency; using the Kriging geostatistical method for data interpolation was possible to map the results showing good results in the spatial distribution of rainfall scenarios; the dry scenarios, regular and rainy had higher standards of probability of rain in the Litoral region, Agreste and Brejo, and lower values in the Cariri/Curimataú region and to increase further in the Sertão region and Alto Sertão of the State Paraíba. Keywords: Climatology, statistics, adherence test, kriging.    

scholarly journals Use of Non-Parametric Approaches on Normality of Hydrologic Variables

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Kadri Yürekli ◽  
Müberra Erdoğan ◽  
Mehmet Murat Cömert
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Seasonal Maximum ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Made In ◽  
Non Parametric ◽  
Normally Distributed

Parametric approaches in statistical analysis assume that any given data are normally distributed. Therefore, the test of whether this conventional assumption is valid should be made in this context of the available data’s normality before being passed to the application of statistical tests. The paper is focused on the normality methodologies commonly used in literature, named Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Jarque-Bera, D’agostino, Anderson Darling, Shapiro-Wilk and Ryan Joiner. In the study, the seasonal maximum data from eight streamflow gauging stations in Yesilirmak Basin was used as material. The normality in the 59% of the whole data sets were obtained as the highest result by the Kolmogorov –Smirnov approach, when compared to the other normality tests considered in the study.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Light-Curing Resin Cement: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Luís Felipe Espíndola-Castro ◽  
Oscar Felipe Fonseca de Brito ◽  
Larissa Gabrielle Assis Araújo ◽  
Izabella Luiza Aragão Santos ◽  
Gabriela Queiroz De Melo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level

Abstract Objective The aim of study was to evaluate in vitro the surface hardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of three light-cured resin cements, namely RelyX Veneer (RLX), Variolink Veneer (VLK), and All Cem Veneer (ACV). Materials and Methods Cylindrical samples (15 × 1 mm) were made for each group using a metallic mold (n = 10). Vickers microhardness test was performed, and average hardness was calculated from three indentations (300 gf/15s) per sample. The sorption and solubility of the materials were evaluated according to ISO 4049:2009 based on three samples weighing: initial (m 1), after immersion in distilled water for 7 days (m 2), and final (after removal of all moisture [m 3]). The color change was observed using a digital spectrophotometer, at three different time points, baseline, 1 day, and 1 week of immersion in coffee and distilled water (control). Statistical Analysis Shapiro–Wilk test was used to analyze the normality of the data, and groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. A significance level of 5% was used. Results RLX showed the highest microhardness mean values (36.96 VHN), but higher sorption (23.2 µg/mm3) and solubility (2.40 µg/mm3), with statistically significant differences with the other groups. For color stability, higher ∆E was observed for the samples immersed in coffee (p = 0.009). The VLK resin cement presented statistically significant differences from the other groups, with higher color changes in coffee at 1 day (15.14) and after 1 week (23.65). Conclusion RLX resin cement showed better hardness results. All materials tested performed satisfactorily for sorption and solubility according to ISO 4049:2009. All materials showed high-staining values after 1 week of immersion in coffee.

Phyto Effect of Punica granatum on the Remodelling of Maxilla Bone, Study of Osteoblast and Osteoclast

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Edrizal ◽  
Abidin Trimurni ◽  
Deddi Prima Putra
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Osteoblasts Differentiation

Punica granatum (PG) contained anthocyanin, the chemical compound that played significant role in increasing bone cell proliferabbitsion and osteoblasts differentiation in bone remodelling. This research was aimed at measuring the effect of Punicagranatum on maxilla bone remodelling relating to the profile of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Punicagranatum was extracted by using butanol while the analysis of bone remodelling was conducted by observing the profile of osteoblast and osteoclast cells using histopathologic method. Butanol hydrogel of Punicagranatum was abled to enhance bone reabsorption which was proven by the increase of osteoclast and new bone formation since the osteoblast was presented. Moreover, bone remodelling activity was characterised by increased collagen fibres and osteocyte cell, in addition, bone shape compactness was getting better. Statistical analysis revealed that the histoscore profile of osteoblast was influenced by butanol fraction dosage with significance level (p<0.05) which was at medium criteria according to Pearson correlation (r=0,6). While the effect of dosage on osteoclast was at significance level (p<0.05) but was poorly correlated with (r=0.01) and osteoblast frequency was dominant at the concentrabbitsion of 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. On the other hand, at the concentrabbitsion of 175 mg/ml osteoclast presentation was found to be more dominant. The fraction of butanol PG was abled to induce osteoblast increment and osteoclast at the concentrabbitsion of (mg/ml) 125, 175, and 250 and accelerabbitse the remodelling of alveolar maxilla.

Determining the Levels of Urbanization in Iran Using Hierar-chical Clustering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa ENAYATRAD ◽  
Parvin YAVARI ◽  
Koorosh ETEMAD ◽  
Sohila KHODAKARIM ◽  
Sepideh MAHDAVI
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
To Come ◽  
South Khorasan ◽  
Different Levels

Background: In this study, we used a variety of factors that affect urbanization in Iran to evaluate different provinces in Iran in terms of the level of urbanization. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. To determine similarities or differences between the provinces, the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward’s algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variance between the variables used to rank the provinces in terms of different levels of urbanization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The provinces in Iran were combined with each other in 30 stages and classified into four levels. Taking into account the variables used to rank the level of urbanization, Tehran, and Alborz provinces were at the highest level of urbanization. On the other hand, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr were at the lowest level of urbanization. Conclusion: Identification of provinces at the same level of urbanization can help us to discover the strengths and weaknesses in the infrastructures of each of them. Given the differences between various levels of urbanization, the identification of factors that are effective in the process of urbanization can help to access more information required for designing plans for the years to come.

scholarly journals SOME DETAILS OF FOREST FIRE STATISTICS IN BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Viana Soares1 ◽  
Juliana Ferreira Santos ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Previous Group

The objective of this research was to answer some questions about forest fire occurrence in Brazil. A total of 19,377 fires were analyzed in the period 1998 – 2002. Tabulated data, in percentage, were transformed throughand then submitted to the analysis of variance. The means were compared through the SNK test at 5% significance level. Results showed significant differences both, in number of fires and burned areas along the months of the year. August was the month with higher number of fires, followed by July, October and September; August, September and November presented the highest burned areas. Significant differences were also detected among the group causes and along the daily hours. Incendiary was the leading cause, statistically different from the other groups, both in number of fires and burned area. About 69% of the fires, corresponding to 66% of the burned area occurred between 12 noon to 6:00 PM. Number of fires starting hourly, from 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM, didn’t differ statistically among them, but were significantly different from the other daily hours. As for the burned areas, fires starting at 5:00 PM should be included in the previous group. No statistical difference was detected among the days of the week both, for the number of fires and the burned areas, showing that, on the contrary of the popular belief, fires don’t preferentially occur during the weekends.  

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEKAMBUHAN PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI POLIKLINIK JIWA RSUD H. ANDI SULTHAN DG. RADJA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Edison Siringoringo ◽  
Haerati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Smirnov Test

Schizophrenia is a person who has a psychiatric problem, or a disturbed personality such as thoughts, feelings, hearing, emotions, language, delusions, and behavior that is not in accordance with other normal humans. Reason If the disease is not treated it will cause adverse effects and endanger the patient, family, and society because they can behave like a tantrum, act as they please, destroying goods or patients will hurt others even themselves. Factors studied were family support, age, and adherence to taking medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause recurrence in schizophrenic patients in the Catholic Cl Schizophrenia is a person who has a psychiatric problem, or a disturbed personality such as thoughts, feelings, hearing, emotions, language, delusions, and behavior that is not in accordance with other normal humans. Reason If the disease is not treated it will cause adverse effects and endanger the patient, family, and society because they can behave like a tantrum, act as they please, destroying goods or patients will hurt others even themselves. Factors studied were family support, age, and adherence to taking medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause recurrence in schizophrenic patients in the Catholic Clinic of H.Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Regency of Bulukumba. The research design uses analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population in the study were all schizophrenic patients who had schizophrenia accompanied by a family for 1 month at the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Bulukumba obtained data from January-March as many as 135 people, with sampling techniques using non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study were 57 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaires made by researchers to respondents. Data analysis using Fisher's alternative Chis-quare test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of data analysis showed age variables p = 0.032, family support p = 0.005, and medication adherence variables p = 0.025. Conclusion that there is a relationship between age, family support, medication adherence to the recurrence of schizophrenia in the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja in Bulukumba District in 2018. Suggestion expected This research can be used as additional knowledge to reduce the frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic patients. inic of H.Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Regency of Bulukumba. The research design uses analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population in the study were all schizophrenic patients who had schizophrenia accompanied by a family for 1 month at the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Bulukumba obtained data from January-March as many as 135 people, with sampling techniques using non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study were 57 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaires made by researchers to respondents. Data analysis using Fisher's alternative Chis-quare test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of data analysis showed age variables p = 0.032, family support p = 0.005, and medication adherence variables p = 0.025. Conclusion that there is a relationship between age, family support, medication adherence to the recurrence of schizophrenia in the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja in Bulukumba District in 2018. Suggestion expected This research can be used as additional knowledge to reduce the frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic patients.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trijani Suwandi ◽  
Vidya Nursolihati ◽  
Mikha Sundjojo ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract Objective SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures. Materials and Methods Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 Result Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures. Conclusion The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.

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