scholarly journals Generic Composition, Structure and Diversity of Secondary Forests at Amisconde, the Pacific Slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
pp. 1069-1079
Author(s):  
D A P Hooftman
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Cordillera De Talamanca

Most Costa Rican forests have been intensively studied in recent years. One exception is the transition zone from lowland wet forest to the high elevatíon Quercus forest belt al Ihe pacific slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca. An inventory of secondary forest composition, structure and diversity was done on a specific slope (l150- 2300-m elevation) in the conservation and development project Amisconde. Thirteen plots of 500 m2 were evenly spread a10ng an elevation gradient. Specimens were collected of a11 woody individuals (> 3 cm DBH), dried, placed in a herbarium of morphospecies and afterwards identified. In total 90 genera within 49 families were found. The vegetation was separated in three forest types using TWINSPAN c1assification. Forest types were elevatíon based. Elevation and forest age showed (overall) no correlatíon with diversity using ANOVA, with the single exceptíon of a positíve correlatíon of the number of genera and elevatíon. This was opposite to the negative correlations mostly found on elevatíon gradients. The main factors for this positíve correlation were the level of recent disturbance and the distance to primary forest, in combination wíth forest age

scholarly journals Influence of forest composition and age on habitat use by bats in southwestern British Columbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M.J. Luszcz ◽  
Robert M.R. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Young Forests

Habitat use by bats in forests varies with environmental variables, clutter, and prey availability, but few studies have looked at habitat use as a function of forest composition and forest age across a range of elevations. We examined factors influencing habitat use of forest-dwelling bats in southwestern British Columbia using ultrasonic detection. We measured activity of three bat foraging guilds in four forest types and three age classes from May to August 2000 and 2001. Habitat use varied with forest composition and stand age, but not always as we predicted. Activity of open-habitat foragers (large bats) was greatest in higher elevation forests and in young forests. In contrast, activity of the long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864)), a gleaner, was greater in lower elevation black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook.) and cedar–hemlock stands. Myotis evotis activity also increased with increasing forest age. Activity of edge and gap insectivores (genus Myotis Kaup, 1829) was greater in black cottonwood stands and old Interior Douglas-fir stands than in other forest types. The probability of detecting foraging Myotis was highest in black cottonwood stands. Myotis activity did not show a clear pattern with forest age. Our results demonstrate the importance of black cottonwood riparian forests to foraging Myotis, as well as the importance of older, low-elevation forests.

scholarly journals Composition, structure and diversity of tree species along an elevational gradient in Dudu forest range, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Raina ◽  
Pinki Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Composition Structure

The present study has been undertaken along an altitudinal gradient (950-3500m a.s.l.) in Dudu Forest Range of Udhampur Forest Division, Jammu & Kashmir, India to understand the composition, structure and diversity of tree species along an elevation gradient in the area.  Ten forest types characterised by different dominant tree species with subtropical and temperate elements of vegetation have been recognised in the area.Overall average values of diversity indices such as Margalef’s Index (MI); Menhinik Index (MeI); Shannon-Weiner Index (H’) and Simpson Index (D) have been observed to be 1.70, 0.85, 1.66 and  0.61, respectively. The study suggested that distribution and species richness are largely regulated by physiographic and climatic factors along the gradient.

scholarly journals Multi-Year NDVI Values as Indicator of the Relationship between Spatiotemporal Vegetation Dynamics and Environmental Factors in the Qaidam Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Junpeng Lou ◽  
Guoyin Xu ◽  
Zhongjing Wang ◽  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Sanchuan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Altitudes

The Qaidam Basin is a unique and complex ecosystem, wherein elevation gradients lead to high spatial heterogeneity in vegetation dynamics and responses to environmental factors. Based on the remote sensing data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation dynamics and responses to precipitation, accumulative temperature (AT) and soil moisture (SM) in the Qaidam Basin from 2001 to 2016. Moreover, the contribution of those factors to vegetation dynamics at different altitudes was analyzed via an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results indicated that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in the growing season showed an overall upward trend, with an increased rate of 0.001/year. The values of NDVI in low-altitude areas were higher than that in high-altitude areas, and the peak values of NDVI appeared along the elevation gradient at 4400–4600 m. Thanks to the use of ANN, we were able to detect the relative contribution of various environmental factors; the relative contribution rate of AT to the NDVI dynamic was the most significant (35.17%) in the low-elevation region (< 2900 m). In the mid-elevation area (2900–3900 m), precipitation contributed 44.76% of the NDVI dynamics. When the altitude was higher than 3900 m, the relative contribution rates of AT (39.50%) and SM (38.53%) had no significant difference but were significantly higher than that of precipitation (21.97%). The results highlight that the different environmental factors have various contributions to vegetation dynamics at different altitudes, which has important theoretical and practical significance for regulating ecological processes.

Lomami Buffer Zone (DRC): Forest composition, structure, and the sustainability of its use by local communities

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Batumike ◽  
Gérard Imani ◽  
Benjamin Bisimwa ◽  
Hwaba Mambo ◽  
John Kalume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Composition Structure

scholarly journals A Mapping of the Present and Past Forest-types of Prince Edward Island

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Sobey ◽  
W. M. Glen
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Disturbed Forest

Our aim was to produce maps showing the distribution on Prince Edward Island of five forest-types previously identified from a TWINSPAN analysis of ground flora data collected at 1200 sampling points in a field survey. For this purpose we had available two databases: one on the composition of the tree canopy of 82,957 forest stands, as determined by photointerpretation of a 1990 aerial photographic survey of the island; the other on the drainage properties of the same stands from a published soil survey. The tree canopy and drainage criteria for sorting these stands into five stand-types were chosen in the light of the equivalent properties of the TWINSPAN forest-types as evident from the field survey. These criteria were perfected in four trial computer-sortings, followed by the computer-printing of maps showing the distribution of the standtypes. These maps, which were then evaluated by comparing them with the properties of the TWINSPAN forest-types, are the first fine-scale maps of the main forest-types of the island. They reveal that, of the three “primary” forest-types, the upland hardwood forest occurs especially in the central and south-eastern hill-lands, as well as in scattered parcels elsewhere, whereas the Black Spruce forest and the wet species-rich woodland occur primarily in areas of lower elevation in the east and west of the island. The two forest-types resulting from human disturbance, the White Spruce woods and the “disturbed forest”, have a more scattered distribution, with the White Spruce woods being found especially in the central and eastern parts of the island and the disturbed forest in the west and east of the island. A secondary aim was to map the conjectured distribution before European settlement of the three primary forest-types: two maps have been produced, one showing the distribution of upland hardwood forest, the other of the wet forest-types.

scholarly journals Scale-Dependent Effects of Growth Stage and Elevational Gradient on Rice Phyllosphere Bacterial and Fungal Microbial Patterns in the Terrace Field

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Jianping Dai ◽  
Luyun Luo ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Decai Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Phyllosphere Bacteria

The variation of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities along elevation gradients may provide a potential link with temperature, which corresponds to an elevation over short geographic distances. At the same time, the plant growth stage is also an important factor affecting phyllosphere microorganisms. Understanding microbiological diversity over changes in elevation and among plant growth stages is important for developing crop growth ecological theories. Thus, we investigated variations in the composition of the rice phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities at five sites along an elevation gradient from 580 to 980 m above sea level (asl) in the Ziquejie Mountain at the seedling, heading, and mature stages, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing methods. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which varied significantly at different elevation sites and growth stages. Elevation had a greater effect on the α diversity of phyllosphere bacteria than on that phyllosphere fungi. Meanwhile, the growth stage had a great effect on the α diversity of both phyllosphere bacteria and fungi. Our results also showed that the composition of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly along elevation within the different growth stages, in terms of both changes in the relative abundance of species, and that the variations in bacterial and fungal composition were well correlated with variations in the average elevation. A total of 18 bacterial and 24 fungal genera were significantly correlated with elevational gradient, displaying large differences at the various growth stages. Soluble protein (SP) shared a strong positive correlation with bacterial and fungal communities (p &lt; 0.05) and had a strong significant negative correlation with Serratia, Passalora, unclassified_Trichosphaeriales, and antioxidant enzymes (R &gt; 0.5, p &lt; 0.05), and significant positive correlation with the fungal genera Xylaria, Gibberella, and Penicillium (R &gt; 0.5, p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, it suggests that elevation and growth stage might alter both the diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal populations.

scholarly journals Elevation Gradient Altered Soil C, N, and P Stoichiometry of Pinus taiwanensis Forest on Daiyun Mountain

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Lan Jiang ◽  
Zhongsheng He ◽  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Cong Xing ◽  
Xinguang Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P ◽  
C And N

Researches focused on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content and the stoichiometry characteristics along elevation gradients are important for effective management of forest ecosystems. Taking the soil of different elevations from 900 to 1700 m on Daiyun Mountain as the object, the elevation distribution of total C, N, and P in soil and their stoichiometry characteristics were studied. Also, the driving factors resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of soil stoichiometry are presented. The results show the following: (1) The average soil C and N content was 53.03 g·kg−1 and 3.82 g·kg−1, respectively. The content of C and N at high elevation was higher than that of at low elevation. Soil phosphorus fluctuated with elevation. (2) With increasing elevation, soil C:N ratio increased initially to 17.40 at elevation between 900–1000 m, and then decreased to 12.02 at elevation 1600 m. The changing trends of C:P and N:P were similar, and they all fluctuated with elevation. (3) Elevation, soil bulk density, and soil temperature were the main factors influencing the variation of soil C, N, and C:N. Soil pH and slope position were the driving factors for soil P, C:P, and N:P. The soil is rich in C and N, and has less total phosphorus on Daiyun Mountain. Raising the level of phosphate fertilizer appropriately can help to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth as well. In light of this information, in the near future, it will be necessary to conduct separation management of C, N, and P with regular monitoring systems to maintain favorable conditions for soil.

The elevation gradient of lichen species richness in Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Bahadur BANIYA ◽  
Torstein SOLHØY ◽  
Yngvar GAUSLAA ◽  
Michael W. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractThis study of elevation gradients of lichen species richness in Nepal aimed to compare distribution patterns of different life-forms, substratum affinities, photobiont types, and Nepalese endemism. Distribution patterns of lichens were compared with elevational patterns shown by a wide range of taxonomic groups of plants along the Nepalese Himalayan elevational gradient between 200–7400m. We used published data on the elevation records of 525 Nepalese lichen species to interpolate presence between the maximum and minimum recorded elevations, thereby giving estimates of lichen species richness at each 100-m elevational band. The observed patterns were compared with previously published patterns for other taxonomic groups. The total number of lichens as well as the number of endemic species (55 spp.) showed humped relationships with elevation. Their highest richness was observed between 3100–3400 and 4000–4100m, respectively. Almost 33% of the total lichens and 53% of the endemic species occurred above the treeline (>4300m). Non-endemic richness had the same response as the total richness. All growth forms showed a unimodal relationship of richness with elevation, with crustose lichens having a peak at higher elevations (4100–4200m) than fruticose and foliose lichens. Algal and cyanobacterial lichen richness, as well as corticolous lichen richness, all exhibited unimodal patterns, whereas saxicolous and terricolous lichen richness exhibited slightly bimodal relationships with elevation. The highest lichen richness at mid altitudes concurred with the highest diversity of ecological niches in terms of spatial heterogeneity in rainfall, temperature, cloud formation, as well as high phorophyte abundance and diversity implying large variation in bark roughness, moisture retention capacity, and pH. The slightly bimodal distributions of saxicolous and terricolous lichens were depressed at the elevational maximum of corticolous lichens.

Monthly Litterfall Dynamics in Three Different Forest Types in Jeju Island, South Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young An ◽  
Si Ho Han ◽  
Woo Bin Youn ◽  
Sang Ick Lee ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Litterfall Production ◽  
High Precipitation

In a forest ecosystem, the major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling is through litterfall, which has been influenced by physical and biological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate monthly litterfall production in three forests in Jeju Island differentiated based on precipitation and forest composition: Chungsu (&lt;i&gt;Quercus glauca&lt;/i&gt; as the dominant species; low precipitation), Seonheul&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Q. glauca&lt;/i&gt; as the dominant species; high precipitation), and Seonheul&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Q. glauca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pinus thunbergii&lt;/i&gt; as the dominant species; high precipitation). Litterfall was collected monthly from April to December 2015 and divided into leaf litter, twig, bark, seeds, and unidentified materials. The amount of leaf litter by species varied by stand, but leaf litter and total litterfall were very similar among stands, ranging from 362 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; to 375 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for leaf litter and 524 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; to 580 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for total litterfall. However, oak leaf litter was the highest in May, but needle litter was the highest in December. Forest type and climate factor had no influence on the amount of litterfall in the studied forests while the litterfall production by species showed considerable seasonal variation, resulting in varying effects on carbon and nutrient cycling in these forests.

scholarly journals Fire-mediated dieback and compositional cascade in an Amazonian forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1498) ◽  
pp. 1787-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Barlow ◽  
Carlos A Peres
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Amazonian Forest

The only fully coupled land–atmosphere global climate model predicts a widespread dieback of Amazonian forest cover through reduced precipitation. Although these predictions are controversial, the structural and compositional resilience of Amazonian forests may also have been overestimated, as current vegetation models fail to consider the potential role of fire in the degradation of forest ecosystems. We examine forest structure and composition in the Arapiuns River basin in the central Brazilian Amazon, evaluating post-fire forest recovery and the consequences of recurrent fires for the patterns of dominance of tree species. We surveyed tree plots in unburned and once-burned forests examined 1, 3 and 9 years after an unprecedented fire event, in twice-burned forests examined 3 and 9 years after fire and in thrice-burned forests examined 5 years after the most recent fire event. The number of trees recorded in unburned primary forest control plots was stable over time. However, in both once- and twice-burned forest plots, there was a marked recruitment into the 10–20 cm diameter at breast height tree size classes between 3 and 9 years post-fire. Considering tree assemblage composition 9 years after the first fire contact, we observed (i) a clear pattern of community turnover among small trees and the most abundant shrubs and saplings, and (ii) that species that were common in any of the four burn treatments (unburned, once-, twice- and thrice-burned) were often rare or entirely absent in other burn treatments. We conclude that episodic wildfires can lead to drastic changes in forest structure and composition, with cascading shifts in forest composition following each additional fire event. Finally, we use these results to evaluate the validity of the savannization paradigm.

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