scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium Exposure on Zinc Levels in Normal Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
N’ Guessan Assue Adja Julien ◽  
Adon Mousan Arsène ◽  
Konan Kouassi Martin ◽  
Djaman Allico Joseph ◽  
Dosso Mireille
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and normal non-diabetic rats were exposed to cadmiumsulphate in drinking water at a dose of 200 mg / L for 30 days. At the end of the exposure, theblood, kidney and pancreas of each rat were taken for the determination of cadmium and zinc.The results show a significant increase in the level of cadmium in the blood, kidney andpancreas of normal non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats compared to the control group. Thecadmium concentration was significantly higher in plasma and tissues in diabetic rats comparedto normal non-diabetic rats. Cadmium poisoning resulted in a significant decrease in the levelof zinc in the blood and tissues of normal non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats compared to theirrespective controls. This study reveals that diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin are moresensitive to the toxic effects of cadmium than normal rats.Key words: Cadmium, zinc, plasma, pancreas, kidneys, diabetes

scholarly journals Impact of Chronic Cadmium Exposure on the Nephrotoxicity Sensitivity of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5174-5178
Author(s):  
N’Guessan Assue Adja Julien ◽  
Adon Mousan Arsène ◽  
Kouassi Martin KONAN ◽  
Djaman Allico Joseph ◽  
Dosso Mireille
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning

The present study aimed to assess the role of subchronic cadmium exposure in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ + Cd) and normal non-diabetic rats (Cd) were exposed to cadmium sulphate in drinking water at a dose of 200 mg / l for 30 days. After 30 days of cadmium poisoning, blood and tissue samples were taken to determine markers of kidney function (urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein and inorganic ions) and for the achievement histological couples. Cadmium poisoning resulted in an increase in relative kidney weights and a change in biochemical parameters in serum. Histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed degeneration and necrosis of the renal tubules and shrinking of the glomeruli in rats poisoned with Cd. However, our results showed that diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin are more sensitive to nephrotoxicity of cadmium than rats normal. our results suggest that cadmium may be a factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of Spirulina in Long Evans Rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sabir Hossain ◽  
Akim Uddin Mohamad ◽  
Md. Shafiul Alam ◽  
Md. Aktar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Words Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea

Spirulina, a naturally occurring micro algae, was suspended in water and administrated orally to streptozotocin induced diabetic and nondiabetic rats at a dose of 400 mg per kg body weight. The animal of the control group was administrated extract of Spinacea oleracea (locally known as Palong Shak). Thirty days after the oral administration all the rats were sacrificed for the determination of super oxide dismutase. Spirulina increased the level of oxidative stress responsive enzyme Super oxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte by 17.5% (p<0.0005) in diabetic rats suggesting that the herb may have antioxidant properties. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Spirulina, Rat Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(1): 43-45, 2007 (June) The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Drinking Water Dysregulates Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in Apoe (-/-) Mice: Molecular Insights Into the Etiology of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edozie Samuel OKPARA ◽  
Wan Yu ◽  
Haibin Huang ◽  
Song Jia ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Abstract Background: Exogenous exposure to cadmium is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but experimental evidence elucidating the molecular events involved is still unclear, hence this study. We investigated whether sub-chronic cadmium exposure alone could cause a disruption in lipid and glucose metabolisms and whether the combined effect of these dysregulations could progressively lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE (-/-) mice. Methods: Experiments were performed in male ApoE (-/-) mice (8 weeks 25 ± 3g; n=60), which were randomly placed into four (4) groups according to body weight and administered cadmium (CdCl2) 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively in drinking water consecutively for 4 months. After treatment, changes in body weight were evaluated and mice plasma was analyzed for LDL, HDL, TCHO, TG, insulin and glucose levels. The collected samples were sent for histological examination in the 4th month and two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results Levels of plasma LDL increased in all treatment groups but was statistically significant in the 4th month across all treatment groups when compared both with the blank control group and the first month mice. Plasma HDL levels were lowered in all treatment groups in the 2nd and 4th months when compared with the 1st month mice. Statistically significant decreases in plasma HDL levels were also observed in the 2nd month in the group receiving CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) when compared with the blank control. TCHO and TG levels increased but was statistically significant in the former in the 1st, 2nd and 4th month at CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and in the latter at the same dose only in the 4th month. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were elevated and lowered, respectively. Histological examination of aortal root also showed a dose-dependent increase in plaque formation, being most visible in the treatment group receiving CdCl2 (200mg/L). Conclusion: In line with our hypothesis, sub-chronic oral exposure of ApoE (-/-) mice to cadmium dysregulated their glucose and lipid profiles and the combined effect of this may be a contributory molecular event in the development of atherosclerosis. Keywords: Cadmium. Atherosclerosis. Glucose dysfunction. ApoE (-/-) mice. Lipid dysfunction. Atherosclerotic plaques

scholarly journals The protective effect of Zinc and Magnesium against subchronic Cadmium toxicity in Wistar rats (Biochemical and neurobehavioral effects)

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Djemli Samir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Objective: The present study shows the beneficial effect of (zinc 10mg / kg + magnesium 10mg / kg) against cadmium poisoning at a dose of 15mg / kg on biochemical parameters and neurobehavioral functions in Wistar rats during a period of 45 days. Methods: The experiment was carried out on 20 Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 232g for an initial weight before starting treatment with cadmium. The rats are grouped in cages at a rate of 5 in groups:Group (1) control: was supplied only with waterGroup (2) contaminated with cadmium (Cd):  water plus oral administration cadmium dose 15mg / Kg / l.Group (3) contaminated with (Cd) dose 15mg / Kg / l in water plus magnesium (Mg) dose 10mg / Kg / l oral administration.Group (4) contaminated with (Cd) dose 15mg / Kg / l in water plus zinc (Zn) dose 10mg / Kg / l oral administration.Results: The rats exposure to cadmium showed a very highly significant decrease in body weight of cadmium-contaminated rats (P <0.001) compared with the control group. Regarding the biochemical parameters, there was a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the cadmium group blood glucose level compared to the control group, a highly significant increase (P <0.01) in the group urea level. cadmium compared to the control, a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the creatinine level of the cadmium lot compared to the control, a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) of transaminases (GOT, GPT) of the group cadmium relative to the control, complete blood  count (CBC) demonstrated a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) in the white blood cell count, the hematocrit of the cadmium lot compared to the control, a very highly significant decrease (P <0.001). ) the red blood cell and hemoglobin levels of the cadmium group compared to the control. A significant improvement (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of lots: zinc, magnesium, cadmium + zinc and cadmium + zinc compared to cadmium. However, the results obtained from the neurobehavioral tests reveal a significant elevation (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) in the number of cells crossed, the number of straightening in the test. Open field in the group exposed to cadmium resulting in locomotors hyperactivity compared to the control and it is minimal in other groups treated with zinc and magnesium. On the other hand, the plus maze (labyrinth test) revealed a very highly significant increase (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of the time spent in the closed arms of the cadmium group compared to the control, a significant improvement (P <0.001) (P <0.01) (P <0.05) of the lots: zinc, magnesium, cadmium + zinc and cadmium + zinc compared with cadmium. Conclusion: Subchronic cadmium toxicity has harmful effects on the biochemical, hematological and neuro-behavioral parameters of  Wistar rats, with the installation of an anxiety that will lead to a depressive state, which will be reduced and improved by the antioxidant effect of zinc + magnesium. Keywords: Cadmium-zinc-magnesium-subchronic toxicity-Wistar-Open field-plus maze 

Relation between Heat Stress and Some Hormones in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Harmful Effects

The current study carried out to evaluate the levels of corticosterone, epinephrine, insulin and thyroxine accompanied induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Therefore, ninty six rats were divided into two main groups: control group which exposed to normal temperature (21±2) °C and second group which exposed to high temperature (40±2)°C each main group subdivided into three subgroups exposed to temperature for one, two and four hours respectively, also each subgroup composed of healthy rats and diabetic rats equally. At the end of experiment blood samples were collected for determination of corticosterone epinephrine, insulin and thyroxine. Results revealed significant increase in corticosterone and epinephrine and insulin in heat stressed group compared with control group while there was significant decrease in thyroxine in healthy and diabetic rats in heat stressed group compared with control group.Results showed significant increase in corticosterone in diabetic rats compared with healthy rats in both groups ,while the significant increase in epinephrine and insulin in diabetic rats was only in heat stressed group.Results reported significant decrease in corticosterone and thyroxine according to the increase in heat exposure duration,while epinephrine and insulin increased according to the duration. These findings indicated that heat stress may be increase harmful effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Modulation of Hormonal, Oxidative Stress and Fatty Acids Profiling in Response to Glutamine and Chromium in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: Fatty acids profiling of diabetes may be helpful in early diagnosis and management of diabetic. Chromium is a trace element and important cofactor for many anti-oxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase. Glutamine is semi essential amino acid and reported to improve endothelial function, decrease   blood pressure, and vasodilator. This study investigated fatty acids profiling in diabetic rats and their response to administration of glutamine and chromium. Methods: Fifty male albino rats were divided into 2 groups as following: GPI (10 rats); Control group. GP II (40 rats) were injected alloxan (75 mg /kg) i.p. for six consecutive days for induction of diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into four groups: GP II: (Untreated diabetic): GP III: Rats were given orally with L-glutamine (100 mg/kg).GP IV: Rats were given with Chromium chloride (30 µg/ kg) ip. GP IV: Rats were given Glutamine and Chromium. After 6 weeks. Sera were used for the determination of Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdhyde (MDA), total antioxidants, insulin, glucagon, HA1C and fatty acids profile. Results: Data obtained showed that, diabetic rats treated with glutamine and chromium restore the levels of hormones, HA1C, NO and MDA better than individual treatment (p<0.01) compared with untreated diabetic (p<0.001). A significant elevation of saturated fatty acids in diabetic and reduced unsaturated FA compared with control. Combination treatment reversed this ratio. This may explain increased insulin sensitivity in treated rats compared with untreated. Conclusion: It was concluded that, Glutamine combined with chromium increased insulin sensitivity and recovery pancreatic efficacy in insulin production. Administration of glutamine or chromium reduced HA1c, the mechanisms involved explored the potential of these compounds in control fatty acids contents and management of diabetic.

scholarly journals Effect of Cyclophosphamide and Its Combination with Metformin on the Survival Rate in Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhowail ◽  
Sultan Sajid ◽  
Yasser Almogbel ◽  
S. I. Rabbani ◽  
Mansour Alsharidah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Dose

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYP), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used to treat several types of cancer. Its toxic effects are well-established and include hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression. Metformin (MET) is an anti-diabetic medication that is considered a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of co-administration of MET on CYP-induced toxicity by recording the survival rate in mice. Methods: Fifty mice (body weight 30–35 gm) were divided into four groups as control and treatments and comprised of 12-13 animals of either sex. The animals in the control group received 4 doses of saline by injection. The animals in the CYP group received 4 doses of CYP (100 mg/kg) (intraperitoneal). The animals in the MET group received lower daily dose (30 mg/kg) in drinking water (3 mg/ml), starting 3 days prior to CYP injection and lasting until the final injection of CYP. The animals in the combination group (CYP and MET) received 4 doses of CYP (100 mg/kg) and a daily dose of MET in drinking water (3 mg/ml). The animals were observed daily to record the mortality and their body weights were recorded every alternate day. The data obtained from the study was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The data obtained from the study indicated that CYP administration increased the rate of mortality significantly (p < 0.01) when compared to the control animals, while MET reduced the rate. When the combination of CYP and MET was tested, the mortality rate was found to be increased. Both CYP and MET significantly reduced the body weight compared to the control animals. Conclusion: The results indicated that the combination of CYP and MET reduced the survival rate of animals, suggesting that although MET possesses anti-proliferative action, it has the potential to increase the toxic effects of CYP when combined with CYP.

scholarly journals Sub-chronic cadmium exposure in drinking water dysregulates lipid and glucose metabolisms in ApoE (-/-) mice: Molecular insights into the etiology of atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edozie Samuel Okpara ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Haibing Huang ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Abstract Background: Exogenous exposure to cadmium is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but experimental evidence elucidating the molecular events involved is still unclear, hence this study. We investigated whether sub-chronic cadmium exposure alone could cause a disruption in lipid and glucose metabolisms and whether the combined effect of these dysregulations could progressively lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE (-/-) mice.Methods: Experiments were performed in male ApoE (-/-) mice (8 weeks 25 ± 3g; n=60), which were randomly placed into four (4) groups according to body weight and administered cadmium (CdCl2) 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively in drinking water consecutively for 4 months. After treatment, changes in body weight were evaluated and mice plasma was analyzed for LDL, HDL, TCHO, TG, insulin and glucose levels. The collected samples were sent for histological examination in the 4th month and two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results Levels of plasma LDL increased in all treatment groups but was statistically significant in the 4th month across all treatment groups when compared both with the blank control group and the first month mice. Plasma HDL levels were lowered in all treatment groups in the 2nd and 4th months when compared with the 1st month mice. Statistically significant decreases in plasma HDL levels were also observed in the 2nd month in the group receiving CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) when compared with the blank control. TCHO andTG levels increased but was statistically significant in the former in the 1st, 2nd and 4th month at CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and in the latter at the same dose only in the 4th month. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were elevated and lowered, respectively. Histological examination of aortal root also showed a dose-dependent increase in plaque formation, being most visible in the treatment group receiving CdCl2 (200mg/L).Conclusion: In line with our hypothesis, sub-chronic oral exposure of ApoE (-/-) mice to cadmium dysregulated their glucose and lipid profiles and the combined effect of this may be a contributory molecular event in the development of atherosclerosis.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Determination of clinical efficiency of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves after endoprosthetics in patients with ventral hernias

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Ivanov ◽  
Ilya S. Ivanov ◽  
Evgenij G. Obyedkov ◽  
Liliya P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Regeneration Stage

Aim. To study the influence of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves on the type of exudative discharge and dynamics of inflammatory reaction after hernia repair with plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with hernioendoprosthesis of polypropylene. Materials and Methods. The study involved 59 patients being on stationary treatment in the surgical department of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were hospitalized for the herniation of small or medium dimension. The patients were divided to two groups: the main (n=30) and control (n=29) groups. After endoprosthetics, the patients of the control group were given complex conservative treatment. The patients of the main group, besides standard treatment, were administered deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves intravenously in drips 10 ml + 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution within 7 days. For cytological examination and determination of the type of cytograms, the traumatic discharge was collected and analyzed using the method of M.F. Kamaev and M.A. Palthsev. Results. Cytomorphometric examination was conducted on the third, fifth and seventh day after endoprosthetics with the aim of studying dynamic changes. Determination of cell composition and also of its changes characteristic of each studied period, was necessary for obtaining further information characterizing inflammatory process in the region of placement of the endoprosthesis. After endoprosthetics in patients who were administered hemodialysate, the inflammatory reaction was less pronounced than in patients who did not receive the preparation. This was associated with a more dynamic change of stages of the inflammatory process. In patients of the main group who received deproteinized dialysate, regenerative type of inflammation first appeared on the fifth day and made 6.9%; by the seventh day the share of patients with the regenerative type rose to 17.5%, while in the patients of the control group no regeneration stage was observed in both periods. Conclusion. Analysis of the efficiency of influence of hemodialysate on the inflammatory reaction in plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene endoprosthesis evidences faster course of all stages of inflammation and reduction of its intensity by 10%.

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