scholarly journals The expediency of vertical integration: synergy approach arguments

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-633
Author(s):  
Vasyl Shukalovych
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market System ◽  
Market Evolution ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

Deciding on vertical integration is caused by the need to increase the company's competitiveness in the market. At the same time, under conditions of intense transformation processes in the market environment, the choice of organizational strategy is very complicated. This requires the development of recommendations on its feasibility taking into account the stage of market evolution. Accordingly, the aim of the work is the definition of expediency of vertical integration by use methodological instruments of synergetic approach. Results of the study were obtained using a methodology that includes theoretical synchronization of synergy tools and economic phenomena at the macro and micro level; simulative modeling stages of development of the market system which includes parameters of the value added, value of enterprises, number of enterprises; forming conclusions based on a comparison of probability estimates. As a result, it is determined that vertical integration is more doomed to success in conditions close to the stability of the market, rather than in terms of active transformations on it.

scholarly journals A Package for SMEs. A Second Step Towards a Definitive VAT System in Order to Strengthen the Tax Compliance of the Taxpayer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Ghiur Rodica ◽  
Mihailescu Todor Silvia Paula ◽  
Brezeanu Petre ◽  
Dumiter Florin Cornel ◽  
Mariana Vizoli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
General Definition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn this study we reveal the measures taken by the Council of the European Union in the field of VAT to support SMEs and the reasons that led the Council of the European Union to take these decisions. It is also indicated the general definition of SMEs in European law as it has been taken up by various other authors, as well as the supportive behavior of SMEs that the European Commission has always had. On the other hand, we carried out a study that included variables defining SMEs in three fields of activity from four countries, located territorially in different areas of the European Union and we identified, using statistical correlation, different coefficients of correlation between the value added the number of SMEs, the number of people employed by SMEs, their turnover in that field of activity. The correlation coefficients that indicated a strong / moderate linearity link indicated that the measures taken by the European Union, through the Council and the European Commission, are welcome as the added value in many areas of activity shows a strong correlation with the number of taxable persons, the number employees of those taxable persons and their turnover.

scholarly journals Analysing the Relationship between Price and Online Reputation by Lodging Category

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Voltes ◽  
Crina Rodríguez-Voltes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
Logarithmic Functions

Price is fundamental in the competitive strategy of lodgings. Determining whether a company is setting its prices appropriately in relation to its main competitors and customer expectations is essential in the new digital age. Online reputation is a way of measuring customer ratings and, when shared on the Internet, it generates expectations for future users. On the other hand, websites specializing in tourism constantly provide updated information about the prices offered by lodgings. The purpose of this study is to establish whether there is a relationship between price and the main variables of online reputation (perceived value, added value and perceived quality of service) as well as the function that best suits considering the category of accommodation, using the information available on the website Booking.com. The methodology applied is regression analysis using different functions (linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic and cubic). In addition, 4- and 5-star lodgings are analysed separately from those with 3 stars or less, concluding that there are significant differences between the variables that best explain the price, as well as the functions that best achieve this fit. In 4 and 5-star accommodations, the average quality of service variable is the one most related to prices, whereas in 3-star accommodations or less, the added value is the variable most related to prices. The cubic, quadratic and logarithmic functions get the best adjustments. The results obtained are of great interest to the management of the accommodation as customer ratings are linked to price levels in a competitive environment. This methodology facilitates the definition of the strategy and tactics of prices on the basis of real and updated market data, indicating in the conclusions the direct implication in the future development of learning machines and artificial intelligence applied to tourism.

Evaluating RCM Added Value in Climate Change Projections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Scinocca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rule Out

<p>When a regional climate model is used to investigate and understand an issue related to climate change, in principle, an understanding of that issue will already be available from the global GCM simulations that provided the RCM driving data. From this perspective, the downscaling exercise is essentially one of adding understanding, or value, to an existing GCM result and so, it would seem sensible that statements regarding the value added by RCM downscaling be put into the context of the driving GCM's results. While such added value is central to the downscaling exercise, its evaluation is an intrinsically difficult undertaking for a variety of reasons - not least of which is the lack of a consensus on how added value should be defined. Irrespective of the definition of added value, however, progress can still be made on this issue. In the present study, we develop a methodology for an appreciable difference analysis of the climate change results in RCMs relative to their driving GCMs.  Since added value can only exist where appreciable differences occur in the climate change results of the global and regional models, the present approach provides a useful tool to direct attention to areas where added value potentially exist and conversely rule out areas where it does not.  The approach is illustrated on an ensemble of CMIP5 climate change experiments using the Canadian Earth-system model CanESM2 and its downscaled counterpart CanRCM4. </p>

scholarly journals Istota kreacji wartości dodanej w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Kania ◽  
Wiesław Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Business Models

The aim of the study is to broaden the definition of the added-value concept in agriculture and in rural areas. To start, reference was made to the location of this concept in relation to the economics of agriculture and then to the various processes that occur or should occur in rural areas creating or conditioning the expected positive effects, which were called the Value-added. Then, the creation of added value in the agricultural supply chain was analyzed with an old and new approach to its creation. The case analysis was conducted for the "Owoc Łącki" company, which assessed the ways of creating added value and the form of integration of fruit producers. The effect of the analysis is the multiplicity and diversity of defining and describing conditions for the creation of added value. The presented examples, practices and approaches in increasing the added value can be an inspiration for advisors, especially farmers looking for new business models, thus increasing their income.

Psychology of the Market and Economic Power (On Psychological Approach of Alan Greenspan to the Analysis of Economic Problems)

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Yu. Olsevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Market System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the psychological basis of the theory and economic policy of libertarianism, as contained in the book by A. Greenspan "The Age of Turbulence", clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of this doctrine that led to its discredit in 2008. It presents a new understanding of liberalization in 1980-1990s as a process of institutional transformation at the micro and meso levels, implemented by politicians and entrepreneurs with predatory and opportunistic mentality. That process caused, on the one hand, the acceleration of growth, on the other hand - the erosion of informal foundations of a market system. With psychology and ideology of libertarianism, it is impossible to perceive real macro risks generated at the micro level, which lead to a systemic crisis, and to develop measures to prevent it.

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

Postmodern More

Moreana ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (Number 153- (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
Anne Lake Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Human Language ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Recent Critic

Thomas More is often called a “humanist,” and rightly so if the word has its usual meaning in scholarship on the Renaissance. “Humanist” has by now acquired so many different and contradictory meanings, however, that it needs to be applied carefully to the likes of More. Many postmodernists tend to use the word, pejoratively, to mean someone who believes in an autonomous self, the stability of words, reason, and the possibility of determinable meanings. Without quite arguing that More was a postmodernist avant la lettre, this essay suggests that he was not a “humanist” who stalks the pages of much recent postmodernist theory and that in fact even while remaining a devout Catholic and sensible lawyer he was quite as aware as any recent critic of the slipperiness of human selves and human language. It is time that literary critics tightened up their definition of “humanist,” especially when writing about the Renaissance.

KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Dwi Urip Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Income Statement

This study aims to compare financial performance through profitability generated by two market participants in the witness transportation service industry in Jakarta, namely PT. BB compared to PT. ETU, this assessment is measured not limited to the profit generated but more than that by measuring financial added value through the concept of Eonomic Value Added produced by the two companies. The population in this study were all taxi transportation service companies in Jakarta. The sampling method selected two taxi companies that have the largest market share in DKI Jakarta, namely BB Taxi and ETU Taxi. The test analysis used in this study is ratio analysis through profit calculation and economic added value from the annual income statement. This study shows that there are (a) determination of the ratio of profit levels, (b) Determination of the comparison of economic value added of the two companies. Keywords :  Financial performance, Economic Value Added (EVA)

scholarly journals Regional Coordination and Security of Water–Energy–Food Symbiosis in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Hongfang Li ◽  
Huixiao Wang ◽  
Yaxue Yang ◽  
Ruxin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
A Value ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Coordination Degree

The interactions of water, energy, and food, which are essential resources for human survival, livelihoods, production, and development, constitute a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Applying symbiosis theory, the economic, social, and natural factors were considered at the same time in the WEF system, and we conducted a micro-level investigation focusing on the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the symbiotic units (water, energy, and food), and external environment of the WEF system in 36 prefecture-level cities across three northeastern provinces of China. Finally, we analyzed the synergistic safety and coupling coordination degree of the WEF system by the combination of stability, coordination, and sustainability, attending to the coordination relationship and influences of the external environment. The results indicated that the synergistic safety of the WEF system in three northeastern provinces need to equally pay attention to the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the WEF system, since their weights were 0.32, 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. During 2010–2016, the synergistic safety indexes of the WEF system ranged between 0.40 and 0.60, which was a state of boundary safety. In the current study, the coupling coordination degree of the WEF system fluctuated around a value of 0.6, maintaining a primary coordination level; while in the future of 2021–2026, it will decline to 0.57–0.60, dropping to a weak coordinated level. The conclusion could provide effective information for decision-makers to take suitable measures for the security development of a WEF system.

scholarly journals Influence of study model, baseline catalytic concentrations and analytical system on the stability of serum alanine aminotransferase

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Miquel Bauça ◽  
Andrea Caballero ◽  
Carolina Gómez ◽  
Débora Martínez-Espartosa ◽  
Isabel García del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Platforms

AbstractObjectivesThe stability of the analytes most commonly used in routine clinical practice has been the subject of intensive research, with varying and even conflicting results. Such is the case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of serum ALT according to different variables.MethodsA multicentric study was conducted in eight laboratories using serum samples with known initial catalytic concentrations of ALT within four different ranges, namely: <50 U/L (<0.83 μkat/L), 50–200 U/L (0.83–3.33 μkat/L), 200–400 U/L (3.33–6.67 μkat/L) and >400 U/L (>6.67 μkat/L). Samples were stored for seven days at two different temperatures using four experimental models and four laboratory analytical platforms. The respective stability equations were calculated by linear regression. A multivariate model was used to assess the influence of different variables.ResultsCatalytic concentrations of ALT decreased gradually over time. Temperature (−4%/day at room temperature vs. −1%/day under refrigeration) and the analytical platform had a significant impact, with Architect (Abbott) showing the greatest instability. Initial catalytic concentrations of ALT only had a slight impact on stability, whereas the experimental model had no impact at all.ConclusionsThe constant decrease in serum ALT is reduced when refrigerated. Scarcely studied variables were found to have a significant impact on ALT stability. This observation, added to a considerable inter-individual variability, makes larger studies necessary for the definition of stability equations.

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