First identification of porcine parvovirus 3 in a wild boar in Italy by viral metagenomics – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽  
Francesco Cerutti ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
Maria Gabriella Lucibelli ◽  
Anna Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Viral Metagenomics ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Wild Boars

Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence of porcine parvovirus 3 (PPV3) in the pool of the internal organs of a wild boar found dead in Southern Italy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete coding sequences showed that the newly detected virus is most closely related to those found also in wild boars in Romania during 2010–2011. Even though the death could not be associated with this virus, PPV3 could have contributed to lowering the host’s immunological defences.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Distribution of Porcine Parvoviruses Detected in the Organs of Wild Boars in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Nišavić Jakov ◽  
Milić Nenad ◽  
Radalj Andrea ◽  
Krnjaić Dejan ◽  
Milićević Dragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
The World ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are diverse and persistently evolving viruses found in domestic pigs and wild boars. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) causes reproductive problems in adult animals, although the veterinary relevance of PPV2, PPV3, and PPV4 has not been clarified. The detection and sequence analysis of PPVs circulating in wild boar populations in Serbia was performed to determine their phylogenetic relationships and prevalence in 122 organ samples collected during 2018. The DNA of PPV1, PPV2, and PPV3 was detected in 56.6% of the examined samples, whilst PPV4 was not identified. Overall, PPV3 was the most prevalent in 69.6% of the positive samples, followed by PPV1 in 63.8%, and PPV2 in 21.7% samples. Single infections were more common, although concurrent infections were confirmed in 34.8% samples for two, and 10.1% samples for three viruses. Sequence analysis of wild boar PPV1 showed no significant nucleotide differences from domestic pig PPV1 strains detected in Europe and the USA, however separate clustering from strains from China and the NADL-2 strain was demonstrated. Examination of the selected PPV2 sequences might suggest a certain geographical distribution of genetically diverse PPV2 strains considering high similarities to the strains from neighboring countries, and variability in comparison with other reported PPV2 sequences from different parts of the world. Wild boar PPV3 sequences clustered separately from most of the strains detected in wild boars, as well as the original porcine hokovirus strain. It is further noted that genetically different PPV3 strains circulate amongst Serbian domestic pigs and wild boars.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

scholarly journals Modelling the Spatial Distribution of ASF-Positive Wild Boar Carcasses in South Korea Using 2019–2020 National Surveillance Data

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Jun-Sik Lim ◽  
Timothée Vergne ◽  
Son-Il Pak ◽  
Eutteum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Wild Boars

In September 2019, African swine fever (ASF) was reported in South Korea for the first time. Since then, more than 651 ASF cases in wild boars and 14 farm outbreaks have been notified in the country. Despite the efforts to eradicate ASF among wild boar populations, the number of reported ASF-positive wild boar carcasses have increased recently. The purpose of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses to identify the risk factors associated with the presence and number of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses in the affected areas. Because surveillance efforts have substantially increased in early 2020, we divided the study into two periods (2 October 2019 to 19 January 2020, and 19 January to 28 April 2020) based on the number of reported cases and aggregated the number of reported ASF-positive carcasses into a regular grid of hexagons of 3-km diameter. To account for imperfect detection of positive carcasses, we adjusted spatial zero-inflated Poisson regression models to the number of ASF-positive wild boar carcasses per hexagon. During the first study period, proximity to North Korea was identified as the major risk factor for the presence of African swine fever virus. In addition, there were more positive carcasses reported in affected hexagons with high habitat suitability for wild boars, low heat load index (HLI), and high human density. During the second study period, proximity to an ASF-positive carcass reported during the first period was the only significant risk factor for the presence of ASF-positive carcasses. Additionally, low HLI and elevation were associated with an increased number of ASF-positive carcasses reported in the affected hexagons. Although the proportion of ASF-affected hexagons increased from 0.06 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.05–0.07) to 0.09 (95% CrI: 0.08–0.10), the probability of reporting at least one positive carcass in ASF-affected hexagons increased from 0.49 (95% CrI: 0.41–0.57) to 0.73 (95% CrI: 0.66–0.81) between the two study periods. These results can be used to further advance risk-based surveillance strategies in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals The life-cycle of the avian haemosporidian parasite Haemoproteus majoris, with emphasis on the exoerythrocytic and sporogonic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikas Ilgūnas ◽  
Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas ◽  
Dovilė Bukauskaitė ◽  
Rasa Bernotienė ◽  
Tatjana Iezhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasite ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Vector Identity ◽  
Bayesian Phylogeny

Abstract Background Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) are cosmopolitan in birds and recent molecular studies indicate enormous genetic diversity of these pathogens, which cause diseases in non-adapted avian hosts. However, life-cycles remain unknown for the majority of Haemoproteus species. Information on their exoerythrocytic development is particularly fragmental and controversial. This study aimed to gain new knowledge on life-cycle of the widespread blood parasite Haemoproteus majoris. Methods Turdus pilaris and Parus major naturally infected with lineages hPHYBOR04 and hPARUS1 of H. majoris, respectively, were wild-caught and the parasites were identified using microscopic examination of gametocytes and PCR-based testing. Bayesian phylogeny was used to determine relationships between H. majoris lineages. Exoerythrocytic stages (megalomeronts) were reported using histological examination and laser microdissection was applied to isolate single megalomeronts for genetic analysis. Culicoides impunctatus biting midges were experimentally exposed in order to follow sporogonic development of the lineage hPHYBOR04. Results Gametocytes of the lineage hPHYBOR04 are indistinguishable from those of the widespread lineage hPARUS1 of H. majoris, indicating that both of these lineages belong to the H. majoris group. Phylogenetic analysis supported this conclusion. Sporogony of the lineage hPHYBOR04 was completed in C. impunctatus biting midges. Morphologically similar megalomeronts were reported in internal organs of both avian hosts. These were big roundish bodies (up to 360 μm in diameter) surrounded by a thick capsule-like wall and containing irregularly shaped cytomeres, in which numerous merozoites developed. DNA sequences obtained from single isolated megalomeronts confirmed the identification of H. majoris. Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis identified a group of closely related H. majoris lineages, two of which are characterized not only by morphologically identical blood stages, but also complete sporogonic development in C. impunctatus and development of morphologically similar megalomeronts. It is probable that other lineages belonging to the same group would bear the same characters and phylogenies based on partial cytb gene could be used to predict life-cycle features in avian haemoproteids including vector identity and patterns of exoerythrocytic merogony. This study reports morphologically unique megalomeronts in naturally infected birds and calls for research on exoerythrocytic development of haemoproteids to better understand pathologies caused in avian hosts.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Lytic Siphoviridae Bacteriophage Infecting Several Serovars of Salmonella enterica

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Paradiso ◽  
Serena Lombardi ◽  
Maria Grazia Iodice ◽  
Marita Georgia Riccardi ◽  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

The bacteriophage 100268_sal2 was isolated from water buffalo feces in southern Italy, exhibiting lytic activity against several subspecies of Salmonella enterica . This bacteriophage belongs to the Siphoviridae family and has a 125,114-bp double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) genome containing 188 coding sequences (CDSs).

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Martyna Batorska ◽  
Justyna Więcek ◽  
Małgorzata Kunowska-Slósarz ◽  
Kamila Puppel ◽  
Jan Slósarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.

scholarly journals Cell Culture Isolation and Whole Genome Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus Strains from Wild Boars in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Katja Schilling-Loeffler ◽  
Oliver Viera-Segura ◽  
Victor Max Corman ◽  
Julia Schneider ◽  
Ashish K. Gadicherla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enriched Library ◽  
Genome Copy ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Cell Culture Isolation

Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The HEV genotype 3 can be zoonotically transmitted from animals to humans, with wild boars representing an important reservoir species. Cell culture isolation of HEV is generally difficult and mainly described for human isolates so far. Here, five sera and five liver samples from HEV-RNA-positive wild boar samples were inoculated onto PLC/PRF/5 cells, incubated for 3 months and thereafter passaged for additional 6 weeks. As demonstrated by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy, virus was successfully isolated from two liver samples, which originally contained high HEV genome copy numbers. Both isolates showed slower growth than the culture-adapted HEV strain 47832c. In contrast to this strain, the isolated strains had no insertions in their hypervariable genome region. Next generation sequencing using an HEV sequence-enriched library enabled full genome sequencing. Strain Wb108/17 belongs to subtype 3f and strain Wb257/17 to a tentative novel subtype recently described in Italian wild boars. The results indicate that HEV can be successfully isolated in cell culture from wild boar samples containing high HEV genome copy numbers. The isolates may be used further to study the zoonotic potential of wild boar-derived HEV subtypes.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Kobuvirus and Astrovirus From Korean Wild Boars: 2016-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Shin ◽  
SeEun Choe ◽  
Bang-Hun Hyun ◽  
Dong-Jun An
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Porcine Kobuvirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Porcine Astrovirus ◽  
The One

Abstract The prevalence of porcine kobuvirus (PKoV) and porcine astrovirus (PAstV) in 845 Korean wild boars (KWB) during 2016-2018 were 28.0% and 10.6%, respectively, and co-infection of two viruses showed 5.1%. Phylogenetic tree analysis also revealed that 236 PKoVs from KWB were divided to diverse lineages within Aichivirus C group but the one strain (WKoV16CN-8627) was included the same cluster with bovine kobuvirus (Achivirus B). Eighty-nine PAstVs from KWB was belonged predominantly to lineage PAstV4 and only one strain (WAst17JN-10931) included novel to lineage PAstV2. Two viruses are epidemic more in young (≤ 12 months) than in old pigs (> 12 months).

scholarly journals Short Communication: Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from Jakarta, Indonesia based on partial rpoB gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Yasmon ◽  
YEVA ROSANA ◽  
DONI USMAN ◽  
LUH INTA PRILANDARI ◽  
TEGUH SARRY HARTONO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Automated Testing ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Vitek 2

Abstract. Yasmon A, Rosana Y, Usman D, Prilandari LI, Hartono TS. 2020. Short Communication: Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from Jakarta, Indonesia based on partial rpoB gene. Biodiversitas 21: 3070-3075. Indonesia is a developing country with the greatest potential of diphtheria, so accurate identification is needed to detect C. diphtheriae. The genetic relationship analysis is important to be determined so that this transmittable disease can be prevented. In this study, we reported the identification and phylogenetic analysis of C. diphtheriae based on partial rpoB gene. Twelve samples from throat swabs of diphtheria suspected patients from 2018 to 2019 were used in this study. The result of VITEK 2 ANC-Automated Testing identified that all isolates were C. diphtheriae. However, the identification based on partial rpoB gene analysis showed that only 10 out of 12 isolates were C. diphtheriae, while 2 other isolates were C. argentoratense. Of 10 C. diphtheriae strains/isolates, 2 strains were unique for Indonesia. Thus, it is needed to evaluate the accuracy of VITEK 2 ANC-Automated Testing and to conduct further comprehensive studies on the genetic relationships of C. diphtheriae strains based on multiple virulence genes, multilocus sequence typing and/or whole-genome analysis.

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