Persistent Electronic Conduction in 12CaO7Al2O3 Thin Films Produced by Ar Ion Implantation: Selective Kick-Out Effect Leads to Electride Thin Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Miyakawa ◽  
Katsuro Hayashi ◽  
Yoshitake Toda ◽  
Toshio Kamiya ◽  
Masahiro Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Electronic Conduction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electronic Conductor ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTA new method to convert 12CaO7Al2O3 (C12A7) thin films to electronic conductor by hot Ar+ ion implantation has been developed and its mechanism is discussed. It was found that hot Ar+ ion implantation extruded free O2- ions in C12A7 films by kick-out effects at fluences higher than 1×1017 cm−2, which left electrons in the cages embedded in C12A7 crystal and produced high concentration F+-like centers (∼1.4×1021 cm−3). The resulting films show coloration and persistent electronic conduction with conductivities up to ∼1 Scm−1. On the other hand, fluences less than 1×1017 cm−2 kept the films transparent and insulating.

scholarly journals On Newcomb's method of investigating periodicities and its application to Brückner's weather cycle

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Simplicity

During the last few years of his life Prof. Simon Newcomb was keenly interested in the problem of periodicities, and devised a new method for their investigation. This method is explained, and to some extent applied, in a paper entitled "A Search for Fluctuations in the Sun's Thermal Radiation through their Influence on Terrestrial Temperature." The importance of the question justifies a critical examination of the relationship of the older methods to that of Newcomb, and though I do not agree with his contention that his process gives us more than can be obtained from Fourier's analysis, it has the advantage of great simplicity in its numerical work, and should prove useful in a certain, though I am afraid, very limited field. Let f ( t ) represent a function of a variable which we may take to be the time, and let the average value of the function be zero. Newcomb examines the sum of the series f ( t 1 ) f ( t 1 + τ) + f ( t 2 ) f ( t 2 + τ) + f ( t 3 ) f ( t 3 + τ) + ..., where t 1 , t 2 , etc., are definite values of the variable which are taken to lie at equal distances from each other. If the function be periodic so as to repeat itself after an interval τ, the products are all squares and each term is positive. If, on the other hand, the periodic time be 2τ, each product will be negative and the sum itself therefore negative. It is easy to see that if τ be varied continuously the sum of the series passes through maxima and minima, and the maxima will indicated the periodic time, or any of its multiples.

scholarly journals HERMENEUTIKA SEBAGAI METODE BARU DALAM MENAFSIRKAN ALQURAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Mulizar Mulizar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

This article will discuss hermeneutics as a new method of interpreting the Qur'an.The use of hermeneutics is a new thingin the world of interpretation. Some support and some reject it.The results of this study show that the use of hermeneutics in interpreting the Qur’an must be careful.In addition, This science should be placed as a complement, not as a subdivision of the science of interpretation. On the other hand, hermeneutics paves the way to contextualize the scriptures, so that they can dialogue in different spaces and times, as apologically desirable and held by many religious groups to their respective scriptures.

PTCDA Films Deposited by Ionized Beam Method

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Usui ◽  
Kiyoshi Kashihara ◽  
Kuniaki Tanaka ◽  
Seizo Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ion Acceleration ◽  
Ionization Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Beam Method

ABSTRACTThin films of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) were deposited by an ionized beam method. The molecular orientation and chemical structure of the films were studied in connection with ionization and ion acceleration conditions. At a low ionization condition, the molecules are oriented in parallel with the substrate, and the crystallinity was improved by an appropriate ion acceleration. At higher ionization conditions, on the other hand, ion acceleration resulted in a loss of crystallinity. Deposited molecules undergo chemical change in such a condition, leading to dissociation of dianhydride groups.

Gravidanotherapy

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1078-1090
Author(s):  
M. E. Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Subjective Improvement ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

As any new method of treatment, gravidanotherapy is met with varying opinions. Some expect "miracles" from this method of treatment, believing that gravidanotherapy has found a new all-encompassing, excluding all other methods of treatment. On the other hand, there is an undeniable tendency to downplay or even completely deny the importance of gravidanotherapy. Finally, some authors consider gravidanotherapy as a method giving only subjective improvement of patients' well-being, the success of which is based on mass psychotherapy. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that gravidan, given its composition, should have a significant effect on the human body. It is only necessary that clinical observations and experimental verification give an unbiased assessment of the action of the drug and determine the place of gravidanotherapy in the arsenal of means of modern medicine.

Growth of Epitaxial Site-Engineered Bi4Ti3O12-Basded Thin Films by Mocvdand Their Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
Tomohiro Sakai ◽  
Takayuki Watanabe ◽  
Minoru Osada ◽  
Masato Kakihana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Leakage Current Density ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Spontaneous Polarization ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
La Substitution ◽  
Lower Temperature

ABSTRACTThin films of BIT, La-substituted BIT (BLT) and La- and V-cosubstituted BIT(BLTV) were epitaxially grown on SrRuO3//SrTiO3 substrates at 850°C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and their electrical properties were systematically compared. All films on (100), (110) and (111)-oriented substrates were epitaxially grown with (001)-, (104)-/(014)-and (118) –preferred orientations, respectively. The leakage current density of the BLTV film was almost the same with that of the BLT film, but was smaller than that of BIT film, suggesting that the La substitution contributed to the decrease of the leakage current density especially in pseudoperovskite layer. Spontaneous polarization of the BLTV film was estimated to be almost the same with the BLT film but was smaller that that of the BIT film. This is explained by the decrease of Tc with the La substitution, while V did not contribute to the change of the Curie temperature (Tc ). On the other hand, the coercive field (Ec) value of the BLTV was smaller than that of the BIT and the BLT films. As a result, La substitution contributed to the decrease of the leakage current density together with the decrease of the spontaneous polarization due to the decrease of the Tc. On the other hand, V substitution contributes to the decrease of the defects that suppress the domain motion and increases the Ec value. Therefore, each substitution of La and V plays different roles and this contribution is remarkable for the films deposited at lower temperature.

A New General Method for the Determination of Optical Properties of Amorphous Silicon Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Amato ◽  
L. Boarino ◽  
F. Fizzotti ◽  
C. Manfredotti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
General Method

ABSTRACTWe propose to apply a new method to model the optical response of amorphous silicon thin films. This method presents the advantage of having a good physical insight. On the other hand, although the model has been originally tested on different materials like a-Si, a-Ge and a-GaAs, we show that it is also sensitive to small differences like those that can exist between intrinsic and doped a-Si:H.

INFLUENCE OF ION IMPLANTATION ON OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF TiAl

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4667-4672 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHIKO YOSHIHARA ◽  
SHIGEJI TANIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cu And Zn

The influence of alloying elements on oxidation behavior of TiAl has been investigated using an ion-implantation technique and the mechanisms were discussed. The influence can be classified into several groups according to their effects. The implantation of β-forming elements, halogens, Cu and Zn results in a significant improvement of the oxidation behavior through formation of Al 2 O 3 layer in the initial stage of oxidation. The improvement by Zn is attributed to the formation of complex oxide of Zn and selective oxidation of Al beneath the layer. The implantation of Al , Si or P is also effective. On the other hand, implantation of Ag , Se and other several elements enhance the oxidation. The deterioration by Ag or Se is explained in terms of Al depletion in the implanted layer.

The Intercorrelation Between Microstructure and Chemicalmechanical Polish of Metal Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Tsu Tseng ◽  
Ying-Lang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Table Speed

AbstractThe correlation between microstructures of Al and W metal thin films and their respective CMP performance is investigated. It is found that CMP removal rate decreases with increasing grain size. In both cases, the textures of the metal films are altered and their resistivity increased after CMP. The phenomenon is more pronounced for polish under a greater down force. The table speed, on the other hand, has only minimum effects on microstructure and resistivity. The possible underlying mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are proposed and their potential impacts on metallization reliability is discussed.

Modification of Sol-Gel Thin Films By Ion Implantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hirashima ◽  
Kenji Adachi ◽  
Hiroaki Imai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Sol Gel Films ◽  
Ion Species

ABSTRACTIn order to densify and to improve the physical properties, TiO2 sol-gel films, about 100 nm in thickness, on silica glass or silicon wafer were implanted with Ar+ or B+ ions. The refractive index of the as-dried films increased and the IR absorption band of OH disappeared after Ar+ implantation. Drying and densification of sol-gel films were enhanced by Ar+ implantation. On the other hand, the refractive index and the thickness of the films hardly changed with B+ implantation. However, IR absorption bands of B-O bond were observed after B+ implantation. This suggests that sol-gel films could be chemically modified by ion implantation with reactive ion species.

scholarly journals New Method to Calculate the Level of Consistency of the Pauli & Kraepelin Tests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Haryadi ◽  
Salma Huda California
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

In this paper, we proposed a modification of the measurement of the personality consistency level of the Pauli & Kraepelin Test in the field of psychology, using the formula made in April 2016, by Sigit Haryadi, and named "the Harmony in Gradation" or “the Haryadi Index”. The purpose of this proposal is because the existing formula uses only the mean value of the deviation, which leads to the possibility that the result of consistency measurement on people whose facts are different levels of consistency will be considered to have the same consistency level, on the other hand, the proposed method will be more accurate and precise in terms of providing an assessment of the level of personality consistency of a person.

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